TEACHNG GRAMMAR- ON FORM CLASS- ADVERBS
- 2. What are adverbs? • Adverbs can perform a wide range of functions: they can modify verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. These may come either before or after the word they modify. 1. The desk is made of an especially corrosion-resistant industrial steel. 2. The power company uses huge generators which are generally turned by steam turbines. 3. Jaime won the race, because he ran quickly. 4. This fence was installed sloppily. It needs to be redone. EXAMPLES
- 3. • These can also modify noun phrases, prepositional phrases, or whole clauses or sentences. 1. I bought only the fruits. 2. Roberto drove his family and relatives almost to the train station. 3. Certainly, someone could take some predefined data, such as weather data, and use mostly mapping techniques to generate a piece of music. EXAMPLES What are adverbs?
- 4. • These may provide information about the manner, place, time, frequency, certainty, or other circumstances of the activity indicated by the verb. 1. Adverb of Manner 2. Adverb of Place 3. Adverb of Frequency 4. Adverb of Time 5. Adverb of Purpose 6. Adverb of Certainty/Affirmation 7. Adverb of Degree TYPES What are adverbs?
- 5. 1. ADVERB OF MANNER An adverb of manner will explain how an action is carried out. Very often adverbs of manner are adjectives with -ly added to the end, but this is certainly not always the case. In fact, some adverbs of manner will have the same spelling as the adjective form. TYPES OF ADVERBS • Jerome had passed the Final Examination easily. • The teachers from Camarines Sur walk quickly to catch the train. • John answered the question correctly. • As the manager of the shop, I can say that our maintenance workers had worked hard. • Julia and Joseph, as Latin dancers, danced well.
- 6. 2. ADVERB OF PLACE An adverb of place, sometimes called spatial adverbs, will help explain where an action happens. Adverbs of place will be associated with the action of the verb in a sentence, providing context for direction, distance and position: southeast, everywhere, up, left, close by, back, inside, around. • New York is located north of Philadelphia. • They traveled down the mountainside. • First, I looked here, and then I looked there, but I can’t find them anywhere. TYPES OF ADVERBS ON DIRECTIONS
- 7. 2. ADVERB OF PLACE • The treasure lies underneath the box. • The cat is sleeping on the bed. • Why are you standing in the middle of the dancefloor? • Oscar travelled onward to Los Angeles. • “Molly, move forward to the front of the queue, please.” TYPES OF ADVERBS ON POSITION ON DISTANCE • Due to her mother’s death, Jane is moving far away. • Carly is sitting close to me.
- 8. 3. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY Adverb of frequency is used to express time or how often something occurs. It can be split two main groups: 1. Adverbs of indefinite frequency ⮚ are terms that have an unclear meaning as to how long are how often something occurs ⮚ will usually be placed after the main verb or between the auxiliary verb and infinitive TYPES OF ADVERBS • The adverb is usually placed before the main verb. • Therese can normally make the shot four times straight.
- 9. 3. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY 2. Adverbs of definite frequency ⮚ Are terms expressing clear meaning with regards to how often things happens ⮚ will usually be placed at the end of the sentence TYPES OF ADVERBS • We get paid hourly. • The situation seems to change monthly. • The newspaper is bought daily.
- 10. 4. ADVERB OF TIME This tells us when something happens. While it’s almost always correct to have the adverb of time at the end of the sentence, you can place it at the start of the sentence to put a different emphasis on the time if it is important to the context. TYPES OF ADVERBS • Harvey forgot his lunch yesterday and again today. • I have to go now. • We first met Julie last year. • Tomorrow, our fate will be sealed. • Yesterday, my troubles seemed so far away.
- 11. 5. ADVERB OF PURPOSE and LINKING ADVERBS Adverb of Purpose helps to describe why something happened. It can come in the form of individual words and also clauses . A linking adverb link ideas or clauses in spoken discourse/written text. It is also called conjunctive adverbs as it performs and functions like conjunctions. TYPES OF ADVERBS • I was sick, thus didn’t go to work today. • I started jogging so that I wouldn’t be late. • Because I was late, I jogged a little faster. • Since it’s your birthday, I will buy you a gift. • My sister should study her lessons instead of watching TV. • Meanwhile, another problem arose with the nuclear power plant.
- 12. 6. ADVERB OF CERTAINTY/AFFIRMATION An adverb of Certainty let us describe how sure or certain we are about something. It is usually on a mid-position. Here are the most common adverbs of certainty: TYPES OF ADVERBS • The story would definitely end in the simplest way, Alice said, so we trusted you. • You will certainly have a hard time doing this assignment, but the result will make you very happy. • I return very tiredly after going to school, so I surely need to sleep today. definitely – 100% sure probably – pretty sure; 70-90% sure maybe – 50% sure probably not – 70-90% sure of something not happening or being true
- 13. 7. ADVERB OF DEGREE An adverb of degree is used to discuss the degree or intensity of an adjective, an action, or another adverb. It helps us to express ‘how much’ (or to what extent) we do something. TYPES OF ADVERBS • I’m totally convinced Sam will quit his job. • I’m almost always late. • Sonia was too old for the administrative job.
- 14. 7. ADVERB OF DEGREE TYPES OF ADVERBS Adverbs of degree can modify adjectives or adverbs: Subject + main verb + adverb of degree + adjective------ Jane is very happy. Subject + main verb + adverb of degree + adverb----- Tom walks extremely quickly. Adverbs of degree can also modify verbs: Subject + adverb of degree + main verb ------- The boys thoroughly enjoyed their trip to the theatre. With modal verbs, the adverb of degree can appear before the modal verb or before the main verb, depending on the meaning. Subject + adverb of degree + modal + main verb-----You really should look where you are going! Subject + modal + adverb of degree + main verb------You should really look at the instructions first.
- 15. 7. ADVERB OF DEGREE TYPES OF ADVERBS With auxiliary verbs (e.g. have and is/are), the adverb usually goes before the main verb. Subject + auxiliary verb + adverb of degree + past participle I have really enjoyed studying at this school. I have totally forgotten to bring my phone. MILD a little a bit slightly MEDIUM fairly pretty quite STRONG remarkably awfully extremely ABSOLUTE totally utterly completely How strongly adverbs of degree modify adverbs and adjectives
- 16. POSITIONS OF ADVERBS The positions of adverbs are not a fixed or set thing. Adverbs can appear in different position in a sentence. However, there are some rules that help us decide where an adverb should be positioned. The rules will be different depending on whether the adverb is acting to modify an adjective or another adverb, a verb or what type of adverb it is. Adverb position with adjectives and other adverbs *before the adjective or adverb being modified • We gave them a really tough match. • It was quite windy that night.
- 17. Adverb position with verbs Adverbs of manner or place are usually positioned at the end of the sentence: • In a royal meeting, the Queen laughed timidly. • Janine, our new neighbor, lived here. • Believe me. There is money everywhere. As mentioned, if the adverb is of definite time it will be placed at the end of the sentence. • I did it yesterday. • We can discuss it tomorrow. • Let’s go to Paris next week. POSITIONS OF ADVERBS
- 18. However, if it is an indefinite period of time, it will go between the subject and main verb. • We often go to Paris in the springtime. • Debbie regularly swims here. • Bobby and Audrey always loved fishing by the lake. POSITIONS OF ADVERBS
- 19. ORDER OF ADVERBS The order of adverbs, sometimes also called the royal order of adverbs, can help us determine sentence structure too. In short, the adverbs get preference (are placed first) in the following order: 1 Adverbs of manner 2 Adverbs of place 3 Adverbs of frequency 4 Adverbs of time 5 Adverbs of purpose I run (verb) quickly (manner) down the road (place) every morning (frequency) before school (time) because (purpose) I might miss the bus.
- 20. ORDER OF ADVERBS
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