Techniques for bioremediation
- 1. Techniques for Bioremediation DEPARTMENT OF BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY GC UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD HASNAT KHAN 16618
- 2. Bioremediation Bioremediation is a treatment process that uses naturally occurring microorganisms (yeast, fungi, or bacteria) to break down, or degrade, hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic substances. How does it work? Bioremediation technologies assist microorganisms' growth and increase microbial populations by creating optimum environmental conditions for them to detoxify the maximum amount of contaminants. The specific bioremediation technology used is determined by several factors, for instance, the type of microorganisms present, the site conditions, and the quantity and toxicity of contaminant chemicals.
- 3. Bioremediation Techniques In-situ Soil and associated ground water is treated in place without excavation Ex-situ Excavate prior to treatment
- 4. In-situ Ex-situ oOnly Ex-situ process allow an efficient optimization of incubation parameters (biostimulation) Natural Attenuation Enhanced Biopile Windrow Bioreactor Bioslurping Bioventing Biosparging Phytorediation Land Farming
- 5. In-situ In situ remediation is performed directly on the site without excavating soil contaminants or disturbance to the soil structure.
- 6. Natural Attenuation Natural attenuation refers to processes that naturally transform contaminants to less harmful forms or immobilize contaminants so that they are less of a threat to the environment. 1. Volatilization 2. Incorporation as biomass 3. Degradation 4. Stabilization
- 7. Enhanced Biosparging Biosparging involve the injection of air under pressure below the water table to increase groundwater oxygen concentrations and enhance the rate of biological degradation of contaminants by naturally occurring bacteria.
- 8. Enhanced Bioventing Bioventing is a process of stimulating the natural in situ biodegradation of contaminants in soil by providing air or oxygen to existing soil microorganisms.
- 9. Enhanced Bioslurping Bioslurping is the adaptation and application of vacuum-enhanced dewatering technologies to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. Bioslurping utilizes elements of both, bioventing and free product recovery, to address two separate contaminant media.
- 10. Enhanced Phytoremediation Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Types of Phytoremediation 1. Rhizosphere biodegradation 2. Phyto-stabilization 3. Phyto-accumulation 4. Phyto-degradation
- 11. Ex-situ Ex-situ bioremediation is a biological process in which excavated soil is placed in a lined above-ground treatment area and aerated following processing to enhance the degradation of organic contaminants by the indigenous microbial population.
- 12. Ex-situ Land Farming Land farming is a bioremediation treatment process that is performed in the upper soil zone or in biotreatment cells. Contaminated soils, sediments, or sludges are incorporated into the soil surface and periodically turned over or tilled to aerate the mixture. 1. HDPE liner 2. Sump pump to collect leachate 3. Layer of pea gravel 4. Layer of polluted soil to be treated 5. Chopped alfalfa hay to retain moisture 6. Wheels on sprinkler piping system 7. Piping frame, aluminium or PVC pipes with frequent holes, sufficient to allow water, nutrients and bacteria to treat the land farm plot 8. Flexible leachate collection hose. 9. Bypass valve that allows leachate to be circulated directly to water distribution tank, when bioreactor is full or completing a bacterial growth cycle 10. Recirculation hose 11. Alken-Murray Bio activator 2000, bioreactor unit 12. Fresh water supply hoses 13. Pumps for fresh water 14. Treated water hose 15. Water distribution tank 16. Pump for distribution tank
- 13. Ex-situ Biopile Bio piling is a full-scale technology in which excavated soils are piled and typically constructed in a treatment area that consists of a leachate collection and aeration system. It is commonly applied to reduce concentrations of petroleum components in soils through utilising the process of biodegradation.
- 14. Ex-situ Bioreactor The term "bioreactor" in the context of soil and water bioremediation refers to any vessel or container where biological degradation of contaminants is isolated and controlled.
- 15. Ex-situ Windrow One of ex situ bioremediation techniques, windrows rely on periodic turning of piled polluted soil to enhance bioremediation by increasing degradation activities of indigenous and/or transient hydrocarbon clastic bacteria present in polluted soil. Windrow treatment when compared to biopile treatment, showed higher rate of hydrocarbon removal; however, the higher efficiency of the windrow towards hydrocarbon removal was as a result of the soil type, which was reported to be more friable.