Technology evolves so fast
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The document discusses several challenges related to technology and legislation including that technology evolves faster than legislation can adapt, some politicians are not well-versed in information and communication technologies, and the digital divide is shifting from access to activity as technology gives both active and passive people more opportunities. It also touches on issues like internet governance, privacy, intellectual property rights, and new forms of asymmetric warfare using digital technologies.
Technology evolves so fast
- 1. 2.11.2010 www.kasvi.org Technology evolves so fast Legislation reacts so slow Jyrki J.J. Kasvi Parliament of Finland, Committee for the Future
- 2. Challenges Politicians’ ICT literacy and enthusiasm varies greatly Information society policies are not found politically important nor interesting by all Some of the more experienced and influential politicians still live in the typewriter age Legislative process is way too slow e.g. the new Finnish modem hijacking prevention law As ICT becomes ubiquitous, the digital divide evolves into an activity divide ICT gives active people more opportunities to be active members of the society ICT gives passive people more opportunities to be passive. Net culture has been overlooked by press and politics A whole Finnish generation was in Habbo and IRC Gallery before politicians or mainstream media noticed social media Over 100.000 Finns played poker in Internet before...
- 3. Some acute issues... Internet and television IpTV , YLE Internet and (snail) mail A withering public service Infrastructure Broadband, frequencies , IPv6 Internet governance Cloud computing Net neutrality Content filtering Social media Amateur journalism Limits to freedom of expression Source confidentiality User generated content Crowdsourcing Data protection Identity theft crimes Opening public data Who pays the bills Internet defence Stuxnet Accessibility Internet and the elderly Intellectual property rights Copyright and DRM Consumer protection Broadband quality ” free” services Unfair EULAs Digital civil rights Privacy Freedom of expression Identity
- 4. IpTV – a searing hot media potato IpTV turns broadcast television into an on-demand cloud service Tvkaista and voddler are just a humble beginning Finnish legislation very carefully does not mention ipTV at all Redistributes money and power New players replace old ones not agile enough Existing IPR contracts do not recognise ipTV Pirates are the most popular service providers with best selection and service
- 5. Social media is as revolutionary as the printing press Newspapers Popular culture Creates new media and new culture and changes societies But how? Wikimedia Commons
- 6. 19.5.2010 www.kasvi.org (Epä)sosiaalinen media Unsocial Media
- 7. Unsocial Media Social media brings out the worst in some people The flame wars of the 1980's usenet Many politicians have been forced to disable comments in their blogs and other social media Social capital hasn't developed as fast as social media Asymmetric faceless communication is psychologically challenging Younger generations have already developed better manners in the web Anonymity is essential for democracy But the same laws apply as in any public speech Resist the demands for tighter control of social media Limitations to anonymity Host's responsibility of discussion content
- 8. Wikimedia Commons Memetic civil movements
- 9. Go 2 EDSA. Wear Blck Spontaneus self coordinated memetic civic movements can come and go within days Viral messaging: An SMS ”Go 2 EDSA. Wear Blck” in 2001 was essential for the resignation of Estrada Red shirts in support of Myanmar monks Copyright law demonstrations in Finland Politicians have trouble to address a leaderless self coordinating ”mob” ” Who the f*** is machinating this?” No wonder many governments fear social media Iran, China, Myanmar, Saudi Arabia etc. In Iran, twitter, YouTube and blogs have been essential
- 10. Wikimedia Commons No leaders to arrest
- 11. Open information society = Open API In an open information society all public data and metadata are available to all through an open API for free. API (Application Programming Interface) provides access to data in a machine readable format Companies and citizens utilise the data to create their own services From usage fees to tax income Mashups of different data People know best what they want Open API facilitates also multidiciplinary public services A new relationship between public information and privacy Wikimedia Commons
- 13. Wikimedia Commons Lost IPR business models
- 14. Anne’s act 1709 In 1709 the first actual copyright law was enacted in United Kingdom Defined the three interest groups whose relationships copyright laws still governs: content provider, publisher and consumer Publishers had no right to limit the way consumers use the content they purchase, DRM would have been illegal in 1709. It took 300 years from Gutenberg’s invention to get a law The principles of Anne’s act worked for almost 300 years! Requires small copying costs and centralised control In digital world the copying costs are zero and each and every computer is a potential printing press Now the change happens much faster than 300-400 years ago.
- 15. Media industry is facing a productivity leap corresponding to the revolution of the banking industry in the 1980/90's Is Spotify going to be the ATM of media industry? Productivity leap for media: Only those who jump farther than the others survive. Is Spotify media's ATM? Wikimedia Commons
- 16. Challenge and opportunity Printing press created the basis for copyright system Making of new copies of content is cheap It is possible to centrally supervise and control copying Newspapers and popular culture were born as a result But the profession of scribes was wiped out Digital technology requires new rules It costs nothing to copy, edit and distribute content It is impossible to centrally supervise or control copying What new cultural phenomena digital technology makes possible? Social media, crowdsourcing, … Rip-n-mix & mash-up ???
- 17. Goals for a new copyright system Of these we probably have a wide consensus To maximise production and use of content – the expansion of culture E.g. the original goal of the patent system was to maximise the distribution and use of new innovations – expansion of economy To secure livelihood of content makers What about benefits of media industry shareholders? Production and marketing services used by content makers are also under threat To facilitate new forms of content, expression and culture Crowdsourcing, mash-ups etc. vs. copyright Of means to achieve these goals we still need to discuss
- 18. Cloud computing politics Content, applications and computing are becoming on-demand cloud services Optimises the use of computing resources E.g. The U.K. G-Cloud is estimated to save £3.2 billion a year Kindle, iPad etc. are doing the same to books and newspapers as Spotify did to music TV channels may die but IP television services grow The cloud does not respect national borders, but borders do matter! When the client, the service provider and the server farm are on different countries, whose laws apply in whose court? Data havens are already spawning
- 19. Me myself and I Identity theft is not a crime in Finland Personal data of millions of people are missing around the world In U.S., identity theft caused estimated €34 billion worth of damages in 2007. Identification technology used has to be solid 1:1.000.000 reliability is not enough if you identify millions of people every day. Biometric identification data has to be kept safe With biometric data you can pretend to be anybody It is impossible to get a new fingerprint or DNA Biometric passports spread our biometrics to every border station Identity protection should become a new civil right! We need a global agreement on data security
- 20. U.S. Air Force photo New asymmetric warfare A U.S. Air Force drone providing intel for Taleban insurgents in Aftanistan.
- 21. Asymmetric warfare Asymmetric values, crises and conflicts Global network cultures vs. Nation states WWF Rainbow Warrior vs. French secret service Al Qaida vs. Western world Local conflicts spread around the world in the web Asymmetric costs of cyber warfare Attack is cheap, defense is expensive A limitless number of targets to defend while a single security lapse is enough for the attacker Even identification of the attacker may be impossible
- 22. New targets Military information systems U.S. 1997: The Eligible Receiver military exercise Irak 2003: ”If we run out of batteries, we are screwed” Afganistan 2008: Taleban tapping on Predator video feeds Internet infrastructure Estonia 2007: Web War One What if they had had an Internet election at the time? Industrial infrastucture and defence industry Iran 2010: Stuxnet Data and information Manipulation and destruction of public and corporate databases Weakening the capability to make decisions and to act on them Values and attitudes Influencing people’s motivation and attitude
- 23. New enemies Originally teenage hackers For fun and prestige (pranks, “accidents”) Easy due to good-for-nothing security of the systems Now it is well paid professional crackers Orgnised crime (extortion, fraud, phishing, ...) Activist movements (sabotage, information manipulation) Nation states (development of Stuxnet cost millions of euros) Terrorist organisations Al Qaida has its own Internet forces creating and distributing tools for propaganda and recruitment, intelligence gathering, encryption and steganography and Internet attacks Global corporations (industrial espionage) Espcially defence industry has ties to national intelligence organisations Military forces and national intelligence organisations PLA of China (and Finnish army) have their reasons to use Linux Crowdsourcing hacktivists A major role in the 2007 attack on Estonia
- 24. 19.8.2010 www.kasvi.org Sukupuolten välinen digikuilu? Discussion U.S. Army Photo