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OpenStax, INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2e
1
Test Bank for Introduction to Sociology 2nd by
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Test Bank Questions
Chapter 2
1. Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time
period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews
influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
a. Ethnography
b. Surveys
c. Experiments
d. Secondary data analysis*
2. Reliability is defined by the text as:
a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure.
b. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential.
c. How close the study’s results come to the experimenter’s hypothesis.
d. A measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be
replicated if a study is reproduced.*
3. John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school
lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
a. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops
b. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades
c. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John
d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades*
4. Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small,
rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and
interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____.
a. Ethnography*
b. Case study
c. Experiment
d. Secondary data analysis
5. A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to
confirm their teacher’s reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students
behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.
a. The Authority Effect
b. The Regressive Effect

2
c. The Hawthorne Effect*
d. The Cognizant Effect
6. Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?
a. The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they
perform on their tests.
b. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account*
c. The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to
the outside world.
d. The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in
school.
7. Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam,
Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______.
a. Experimental group
b. Control group
c. Dependent variable*
d. Independent variable
8. The term interpretive framework can be defined as:
a. A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and
dependent variables reflect the results.
b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or
subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on
hypothesis testing.*
c. An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question,
researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a
study, and drawing conclusions.
d. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study
9. Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively
impact teenagers’ body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe
and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is
conducting which research method?
a. Field research*
b. Surveys
c. Experiments
d. Secondary data analysis
10. Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?
a. Gathering data from government studies*
b. Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex
c. Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles

3
d. Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons
11. Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City’s Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits
the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the
event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.
a. Overview
b. Case study*
c. Experiment
d. Data analysis
12. Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association’s code
of ethics?
a. To guarantee the safety of their participants
b. To maintain value neutrality
c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers*
d. To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology
13. The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:
a. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a
study and in publishing results.*
b. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.
c. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary
data as it relates to the study at hand.
d. A study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a
larger population.
14. Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public’s
perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.
a. Tertiary data
b. Interactive data
c. Primary data
d. Secondary data*
15. Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
a. Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment
b. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict
c. Observing study participants without their consent*
d. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
16. Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the
past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?
a. A survey
b. Field research

4
c. An experiment
d. Secondary data analysis*
17. What is the importance of interpretive framework?
a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.*
b. It eliminates the need for a literature review.
c. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships.
d. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.
18. Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
a. Research existing sources
b. Report results
c. Receive corroboration from the field*
d. Formulate a hypothesis
19. Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected
how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the
study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin’s study had a high level of
_____.
a. Literacy
b. Validity
c. Interpretation
d. Reliability*
20. In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her
sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.
a. Literature review
b. Participant observation*
c. Secondary data analysis
d. Dependent variables

5
Copyright 2015, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.

Exploring the Variety of Random
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the composer’s pride, but she burned the letter with a heavy heart. “My mother’s
admiration for Beethoven,” adds Frau Pessiak, “was like that of my aunt, so that
his wish was to her a command.” While at a picnic party in the environs of Vienna,
Beethoven stood beside the writer’s mother on the most beautiful observation
point. Suddenly he took out his note-book, tore out a leaf, drew a staff upon it,
jotted down the melody of the song, “Wenn ich ein Vöglein wär” (Treitschke’s “Ruf
vom Berge,” No. 219, in Thayer’s “Chronological Catalogue”) and handed it to his
companion with the words: “Now, Miss Nanni, do you write the bass for it.” “My
mother cherished the leaf as a precious souvenir for a long time, then gave it to
me because, as she said, I was the most musical one of the family, and would best
appreciate the treasure. I have it preserved under a glass and frame.” One day
Beethoven brought with him the song from “Faust” beginning: “Es war einmal ein
König, der hatt’ einen grossen Floh” (“Once upon a time there was a king who had
a large flea”). “Aunt and mother had to try it.” Then Beethoven took his seat at the
pianoforte and played the conclusion in which he turned his thumb and with it
struck two adjoining keys at the same time, laughed and said: “That’s the way to
kill him!” On the occasion of Anna Giannatasio’s birthday, Beethoven came and
offered a musical congratulation. Approaching her he sang with great solemnity
the melody of a canon to the words: “Above all may you want happiness and
health, too,—”. Then he stopped and the lady protested that the wish that she
might fail in happiness and health was scarcely a kind one; whereupon Beethoven
laughed and finished the sentiment with “at no time.” Here is the canon:
Glück fehl Dir vor allem, Gesundheit auch niemalen!
[175] This letter is dated “February 23, 1816”—another obvious blunder of the
kind to which Beethoven was prone; it should of course be 1817. In the letter to
Steiner last referred to he asks the publisher to keep the dedication a secret, as he
intended it to be a surprise. Thayer accepted the date and explained the
discrepancy with the suggestion that Beethoven had forwarded a manuscript copy
to the baroness. The theory is no longer tenable. The lady could scarcely be
surprised by a printed copy if she already had the Sonata in manuscript and also
the letter which so plainly shows that the Sonata was written for her. It is also
plain that Schindler was in error when he stated that the Sonata had been played
in public in February, 1816. According to Nottebohm (“Zweite Beethoveniana,” p.
344), the autograph of the Sonata bears the inscription: “Neue Sonata für
Ham....., 1816, im Monath November.” Its forthcoming appearance in print was
announced in Kanne’s “Musik-Zeitung” under date January 23, 1817.
[176] The principal contributions to Beethoven’s biography from Czerny’s pen are
in Schmidt’s “Wiener Allg. Mus. Zeitung,” 1845, No. 113; Cock’s “Musical
Miscellany,” London, 1852; and manuscript notes in Jahn’s papers.

[177] It is Thayer who is speaking here.
[178] “Mödling,” said Potter in narrating the incidents of his association with
Beethoven to Mr. Thayer in 1861; but Potter was nearly 69 years old at the time
and his memory of the suburbs of Vienna may have been a trifle faulty. Beethoven
was in Mödling in 1818, but it has not been learned that he went thither after his
sojourn in Heiligenstadt and Nussdorf in 1817. At any rate, he was in Nussdorf till
late September, perhaps early October, and was then on the eve of a new
experiment in housekeeping so that he might have his nephew with him,
concerning which he wrote to Giannatasio in Vienna on November 12. There is
nothing in his letters to Frau Streicher and others at this time to indicate a change
to Mödling, whither he went in May of the next year after he had reported Potter’s
visits to Ries in March.
[179] This agrees with the theory that the first meetings took place at some other
place. To Ries, Beethoven wrote on March 5, 1818: “Botter [sic] visited me a few
times; he appears to be a good man and has talent for composition.”
[180] Other instances of this nature have been recorded in this biography. In
December, 1811, a visitor, Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee, reported to Nägeli in
Zürich that Beethoven had said to him: “All Viennese, from the Emperor to the
bootblack, are good for nothing.” “I asked him,” von Wartensee continues, “if he
took no pupils?” “No,” he replied, “teaching is a disagreeable task; he had only one
pupil who gave him a great deal of trouble and whom he would like to get rid of if
he could.” “And who is he?” “Archduke Rudolph.”
[181] Treitschke had provided the libretto of “Romulus”; it does not appear that
Beethoven ever began its composition.
[182] The letter, which is reproduced in facsimile in Schindler’s biography, is a
more or less fantastic scrawl or flourish which may be read as an “R” as well as an
“M.”
[183] The letter to Thayer is dated May 21, 1873. Mälzel, it will be remembered,
lived in Philadelphia for some time before his death at sea on July 21, 1838.
[184] Thus copied by Fischoff.
[185] Beethoven does not seem always to have maintained so reverential a feeling
for the instrument as is indicated by the above statement. In Thayer’s note-book
the American editor of this biography found this anecdote: “Once Beethoven told
Stein that some strings in his Broadwood Pf. were wanting, and caught up the
bootjack and struck the keys with it to show.”
[186] We have contented ourselves with mere references to Beethoven’s letters to
Madame Streicher in this period. They are mostly brief notes monotonously asking
help in domestic affairs, and, though frequently interesting because of their
exhibition of characteristic traits and moods, too insignificant to justify the

cumbering of these pages with their literal contents. Those who wish to do so can
read them in any of the German collections of Beethoven’s letters or in the English
translation by Shedlock. But Kalischer’s notes and dates and sometimes Mr.
Shedlock’s translation ought to be critically scrutinized. The letter referred to
above, however, deserves to be given in full.
“Best Madame von Streicher!
“It was not possible to reply to your last letter sooner. I would have written to you
a few days ago when the servants were sent away, but hesitated in my
determination until I learned that it was Frau D. in particular who hindered Karl to
make full confession. “He ought to spare his mother,” she told him; and Peppi
coöperated with her; naturally they did not want to be discovered; they worked
together shamefully and permitted themselves to be used by Frau v. Beethoven;
both received coffee and sugar from her, Peppi money and the old one probably
also; for there can be no doubt that she was herself at the house of Karl’s mother;
she said to Karl that if I drove her away from my service she would go straight to
his mother. This happened at a time when I had reproved her for her conduct with
which I had frequent occasion to be dissatisfied; Peppi who often played the
eavesdropper when I spoke with Karl appears to have tried to tell the truth, but
the old one accused her of stupidity and scolded her stoutly—and so she remained
silent and tried to throw me off the trail. The story of this abominable deception
may have lasted about six weeks—they would not have got off so easy with a less
magnanimous man. Peppi borrowed 9 or 10 florins for stuff for shirts and I
afterwards made her a present of the money and instead of 60 she got 70 florins;
she might have denied herself these wretched bribes. In the case of the old
woman, who was always the worse, hate may have played a part as she always
thought herself neglected (although she got more than she deserved) for the
scornful smile on her face one day when Karl embraced me, made me suspect
treachery and how shameless and deceitful such an old woman could be. Just
imagine, 2 days before I came here K. went to his mother one afternoon without
my knowledge and both the old woman and P. knew it. But now listen to the
triumph of a hoary-headed traitress; on the way hither with K. and her, I spoke
with K. about the matter in the carriage, although I did not know all, and when I
expressed the fear that we should not be safe in Mödling, she exclaimed “I should
only rely upon her.” O the infamy of it! This was only the 2nd time in the case of a
person of such venerable age that such a thing happened to me. A few days
before I sent both away I had told them in writing that under no circumstances
were they to accept anything for Karl from his mother. Instead of repenting, Peppi
tried secretly to take revenge on Karl, after he had confessed all which they knew
from the fact that in writing, I had said that all had been discovered—I expected
that they would both beg my pardon after this, instead of which they played me
one wicked trick after the other. As no betterment was to be expected in such
obstinate sinners and I had every moment to fear another piece of treachery, I

decided to sacrifice my body, my comfort to better self, my poor, misguided Karl
and out of the house they went as a warning example to all those who may come
after. I might have made their certificates of character a little less favorable; I set
down the time of service of each at full six months although it was not true. I
never practise vengeance; in cases where I oppose myself to other people, I never
do more against them than is necessary to protect myself against them or to
prevent them from doing further harm. On account of Peppi’s honesty in general I
am sorry to have lost her for which reason I made her certificate more favorable
than that of the old woman, and she appears to have been led astray by the old
woman but that P.’s conscience was not at ease she showed by saying to Karl that
“she did not dare go back to her parents,” and, in fact I believe she is still here—I
had suspected treachery for a long time until one evening before my departure I
received an anonymous letter the contents of which filled me with dread; but they
were only suspicions. Karl, whom I took to task at once in the evening confessed
but not all. As I often treat him harshly and not without cause, he was too greatly
afraid to admit everything at once. In the midst of the struggle we reached here.
As I often questioned him, the servants noticed it and the old woman in particular
tried to persuade him not to admit the truth. But when I gave Karl my sacred
assurance that all would be forgiven if he would but confess the truth, while lying
would plunge him into a deeper abyss than that in which he already was,
everything came to the light of day—add to this the other data which I gave you
before concerning the servants and you will have the shameful story of the two
traitresses clearly before you. K. did wrong, but—mother—mother—even a bad
one remains a mother. To this extent he is to be excused, particularly by me who
know his intriguing, passionate mother too well. The priest here knows already
that I know about him for K. had already told me. It is likely that he was not fully
informed and that he will be careful; but to guard against K.’s being mistreated by
him, since he appears to be rather a rude man, the matter may rest for the nonce.
But as K.’s virtue was put to the test for there is no virtue without temptation, I
purposely pass the matter by until it happens again (which I do not expect) in
which case I will so bethwack his reverence with such spiritual cudgels, amulets
with my sole guardianship and consequent privileges that the whole parish will
shake. My heart has been terribly shaken up by this affair and I can scarcely
recover myself. Now to my housekeeping; it needs your help; how necessary it is
to us you already know; do not be frightened away, such a thing might happen
anywhere, but if it has once happened and one is in a position to hold it up to
one’s new servants, it is not likely that it will occur again. You know what we need
—perhaps the French woman, and whatever can be found in the way of a
chambermaid, good cooking remains the principal thing, even in the matter of
economy, for the present we have a person who cooks for us, but badly. I cannot
write you more to-day, you will perceive that in this matter I could not act
differently; it had gone too far. I do not yet invite you to visit me here for
everything is still in confusion; nevertheless it will not be necessary to send me to

a lunatic asylum. I can say that I already suffered from this thing fearfully while I
was yet in Vienna, though I kept silent. Farewell; do not make anything of this
known as some one might think prejudicially of K.; only I who know all the driving
wheels here can testify for him that he was terribly misled. I beg of you soon to
write us something comforting, touching the art of cooking, washing and sewing.
“I am very ill and in need of a stomach restorative.
“Mödling, June 18 (10?), 1818.”
[187] It was this priest, evidently, against whom Beethoven threatened to launch
the thunderbolts of his wrath so as to shake the earth in a certain event, as he
told Madame Streicher.
[188] In the letter to Ries.
[189] Evidently Joseph Valentine, a violoncello player, father of Jacob Dont, the
violinist, chiefly famous as a teacher of his instrument in Vienna.
[190] Mr. Thayer made or procured transcripts of the records of the tribunals in
which the struggle for the possession of Karl van Beethoven were made. Students
whose curiosity is not satisfied by these pages are referred to Appendix III of Vol.
IV of the German edition of this biography.
[191] In one of the Conversation Books used by Beethoven in 1820, there occurs
this remark in Beethoven’s handwriting: “... when it learned that my brother was
not of the nobility. It is singular, so far as I know, that there is a hiatus here which
ought to be filled, for my nature shows that I do not belong among these plebs”;
and, in February, 1820, when Peters had observed his dissatisfaction: “The
common citizen should be excluded from higher men, and I have gotten amongst
them.” “In three weeks,” Peters wrote, he would have nothing to do with citizens
and magistracy. He would yet be asked for assistance and receive the most
favorable report concerning his appeal. Not long afterward the Appellate Court
brought in its decision in his favor in the guardianship matter.
[192] Hotschevar’s accusation was evidently rankling in his breast.
[193] It is the short piece in B-flat published as a supplement to the Berlin
“Allgem. Musik. Zeit.” on December 8, 1824, under the title “Dernière pensée
musicale.” Beethoven’s autograph inscription runs: “Auf Aufforderung geschrieben
Nachmittags am 14. August 1818, von Beethoven.” “Letzter musikalischer
Gedanke.”
[194] Beethoven had written: “To the two pieces which I wrote down on the
name-day of Y. R. H., two others have been added, the last of which is a large
Fugato, so that the whole constitutes a grand sonata which will soon be published
and long ago in my heart was designed for you; the latest happening to Y. R. H., is
not in the least responsible for this.”

[195] Nor even, as Thayer opined, that they had been delivered in manuscript to
the Archduke on that day.
[196] “Notizen,” p. 149.
[197] This letter was first printed in Vol. IV of the German edition of Thayer’s
biography—not, as Mr. Shedlock says, in his translation of Kalischer’s collection.
Vol. IV appeared in 1907; Mr. Shedlock’s translation in 1909. Dr. Deiters found a
transcript of the letter among the posthumous papers of Mr. Thayer, who had it
from Mr. J. Marshall, of London. Its pages had been separated by some vandal
who probably wanted to sell two autographs instead of one. Mr. Marshall bought
the sheets at two different autograph sales and, recognizing their relationship,
united them. The letter appears afterwards to have come into the hands of Mr. A.
F. Hill, who loaned it to Mr. Shedlock.
[198] Beethoven had sketched a promising Trio in F minor, in 1816, along with the
song-cycle and the Sonata in A major, and this, probably, was in his mind.

Transcriber's Note
Page headers in the original text have been moved above the paragraph to which they
relate.
All instances of "i.e." have been regularised to "i. e.".
The following printing errors have been corrected:
p. 5 "he “doubled" changed to "he doubled"
p. 6 "performance." changed to "performance.”"
p. 26 "that that this" changed to "that this"
p. 30 "difficult one. Beethoven violently" changed to "difficult one, Beethoven
violently"
p. 35 "and the begining" changed to "and the beginning"
p. 54 the paragraph beginning "Many years after" was indented
p. 76 "you were!”" changed to "you were!””"
p. 103 "prefer me?" changed to "prefer me?”"
p. 123 "in the “house" changed to "in the house"
p. 153 "much easier.”" changed to "much easier.’”"
p. 161 "“Weinmonath”" changed to "“Weinmonath"
p. 171 "diastrous" changed to "disastrous"
p. 174 "From Zmeskall’s lodgings" changed to "From Beethoven’s lodgings"
p. 215 "out of place" changed to "out of place."
p. 219 "acquaintaince" changed to "acquaintance"
p. 226 "romatic" changed to "romantic"
p. 227 "you good.”" changed to "you good.””"
p. 231 "similiar" changed to "similar"
p. 262 "Zukünft" changed to "Zukunft"
p. 266 "Gründer" changed to "Gründer”"
p. 290 "inprovised" changed to "improvised"
p. 296 "etc.," changed to "etc."
p. 296 "This seems" changed to "“This seems"
p. 302 "III “Fidelio”" changed to "III. “Fidelio”"
p. 313 "in C major" changed to "in C major."
p. 325 "Farwell" changed to "Farewell"
p. 327 "passively" changed to "passively."
p. 342 "out attention" changed to "our attention"
p. 366 "disatisfaction" changed to "dissatisfaction"
p. 381 (note) "Zurich" changed to "Zürich"
p. 383 "wereoften" changed to "were often"
p. 389 "was compossed" changed to "was composed"
p. 398 "setted" changed to "settled"
p. 412 "two movenents" changed to "two movements"

The following possible errors have not been changed:
p. vii "Disappointing Decrease" and p. 170 "Decrease"
p. 3 "at both: and in this wise:"
p. 6 and p. 267 "Tremate, empj, tremate"
p. 151 (note) "Neverthless"
p. 273 "“urged its completion" has no closing quotation mark
p. 291 "you up came"
p. 341 "how how right"
p. 353 "xThe present"
p. 415 "was thought"
The text uses the following inconsistently:
Carl and Karl
contrabass and contra-bass
Kozeluch and Koželuch
Les Ruines de Babylon and Les ruines de Babilone
nameday and name-day
P.P. and P. P.
pianoforte and piano-forte
In addition, there are many inconsistencies in spelling and punctuation in quotations,
which have not been changed.
Grätz and Gratz are different names.

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