Test Driven Development (TDD) involves writing failing tests first, then code to pass those tests, and refactoring code. The document discusses:
- Starting with a failing test and then making it pass by adding the minimum code needed. More tests are added that fail initially.
- Dependency injection improves flexibility by allowing dependencies to be passed into classes rather than created internally.
- TDD uses small, incremental "baby steps" by writing one test, making it pass, then adding another to drive the design and ensure changes don't break existing functionality. This results in stable, flexible code.