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- 1. Chapter 9, part A The Central Nervous System
- 2. About this Chapter Emergent properties of the nervous system Anatomy and functions of the CNS Divisions of the brain and what each controls Integration of complex pathways for behavior Language, memory and others
- 3. Nerve net – jellyfish Simple brain & nerve cord – flatworm Brain & nerve cord with ganglia – earthworm Increasing forebrain – fish, bird & human Olfactory – fish Complex behavior – birds Reasoning & cognition – humans Evolution of the Nervous System
- 4. Evolution of the Nervous System Figure 9-1: Evolution of the nervous system
- 5. Neural plate to neural tube Neural crest–PNS Anterior forms brain Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Hollow ventricles Spinal cord Embryonic Development of Nervous System Figure 9-2: The embryonic nervous system develops into a hollow tube
- 6. Embryonic Development of Nervous System Figure 9-3 a-c: The neural tube specializes into the six major regions of the nervous system.
- 7. Brain Spinal cord Central Nervous System: Overview Figure 9-4a: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Central Nervous System
- 8. Hair, skin, cranium Venous sinus blood Meninges Drua mater Arachnoid membrane Pia mater Cerebrospinal fluid Protecting the Brain Figure 9-4b, c: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Central Nervous System
- 9. From coracoid plexus Fills ventricles & subarachnoid Fluid pillow floats brain Exchange transport From blood To brain tissue Cerebrospinal Fluid
- 10. Cerebrospinal Fluid Figure 9-5: ANATOMY SUMMARY: Cerebrospinal Fluid
- 11. Extensive capillaries & sinuses Tight junctions: limit permeability Astrocyte foot processes: secrete paracrines Protects brain: hormones & circulating chemicals Many glucose transporters Blood Brain Barrier Figure 9-6: The blood-brain barrier
- 12. Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Spinal Cord Regions Figure 9-4a: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Central Nervous System
- 13. Gray matter: mostly cell bodies Dendrites & terminals Spinal reflex integrating center White matter Bundles of myelinated axons Ascending tracts – sensory Descending tracts – motor Dorsal roots Ventral roots Spinal Cord Organization
- 14. Spinal Cord Organization Figure 9-7: Specialization in the spinal cord
- 15. Trillion interneurons fill the brain Up to 200,000 synapses each Brain divisions Cerebrum Diencephalons Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Brain Overview
- 16. Brain Overview Figure 9-9b, c: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Brain
- 17. Many cranial nerves enter Pyramids – nerve tracts crossover Midbrain – eye movement control Pons – breathing, signal relay Medulla – involuntary functions Examples: Blood pressure, vomiting Reticular formation: Network in brain stem Arousal, sleep, pain, & muscle tone Brain Stem Overview: Midbrain, Pons & Medulla
- 18. Brain Stem Overview: Midbrain, Pons & Medulla Figure 9-9d: ANATOMY SUMMARY: The Brain
- 19. Cranial Nerves Table 9-1: The Cranial Nerves