This document discusses test-driven development (TDD) approaches for refactoring legacy code. It notes that refactoring legacy code is challenging because tests often need to be added before refactoring can be done safely. It also references a "Trip Service Kata" example for demonstrating TDD and refactoring of legacy code. Finally, it provides some tips for working with legacy code, such as starting refactoring from the deepest code branches and starting testing from the shallowest branches.