Text features
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This lesson is about text features found in textbooks. It defines text features as parts of textbooks that help locate and learn information, such as the title page, table of contents, headings, graphics, main idea boxes, and reference pages. The document lists common text features and asks how many the reader can find in their book. It explains that text features help readers know what is important and locate information quickly. Finally, it provides a chart showing which text features to use for different purposes, such as understanding vocabulary, finding main ideas, or locating data.
Text features
- 1. Text Features TexT FeaTures What are text features? Text features are parts of your textbook that have been created to help you locate and learn information. Text features are used in designing and organizing the pages of your textbook. The title page and table of contents are text features you can find at the beginning of books. Headings, graphics, main idea boxes, and bolded words are some of the text features you will find in the middle of your book. Reference pages like glossaries, indexes, and atlases are some text features you might find at the end of your book. Below is a list of text features. How many can you find in your book? o title page o graphics (pictures, graphs, charts, etc.) o headings o table of contents o bolded or highlighted words o review questions o vocabulary boxes o index o main idea boxes o atlas o glossaries o chapter titles Why should you look at the text features? Looking at text features will help you know what is most important in a lesson and help you locate information quickly. Looking at the titles in the table of contents or on a page can quickly tell you what information you will learn about. Reference pages such as the glossary can help you find out more about a certain topic or word. How do you use text features? Knowing which text features to use and when to use them is important. The chart below can help you decide which text features to look at when you want to understand your book better. To understand words To find main ideas To find data or and vocabulary use: and topics use: places use: • glossary • table of contents • maps • vocabulary boxes • headings • atlas • bolded or highlighted • index • charts words • main idea boxes • tables • review questions
- 2. Make an Earthworm Composting Center Lesson 1 Science This lesson helps you understand Text Features. Look at the ITRI table of contents. Write the titles of two other Text Features lessons. TexT FeaTures Disco ver T here are many ways people in Earthw or your community recycle. Some natura ms are l recyc collect bottles and cans. Others reuse lers. old materials such as newspaper. Did you know that earthworms also help with recycling? A community of earthworms can make compost out of vocabulary leftover fruits, vegetables, grass, leaves, • compost or other materials. Compost is added to gardens to help plants grow. Which of the following do you think you are most likely to read about in this lesson? how to do something how two things are the same why you should do something How do you know? 1 A-1 Standards Addressed: English/Language Arts: 3.2.1, 3.2.3 Science 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.2.2, 3.2.7, 3.4.4, 3.6.4
- 3. The lesson does not give you a definition of the word castings. Look it up in the ITRI glossary and write Like you, earthworms love the definition in the space below. to eat. They especially like to eat plants. If you mix leftover fruits and vegetables into soil and add some earthworms, the earthworms will eat the leftovers. When they are What could you do to find out the definition of this word if it weren’t finished eating, they produce included in the glossary? castings. The castings are full of minerals that plants need to grow. The earthworms leave behind a rich soil that helps plants grow. Earthworms help the soil in another way. They dig or tunnel through the soil as they search for food. Their tunnels help keep the soil loose for the plants. Their digging also helps to bring organic material from the top and mix it with the soil below. Earthworms help keep the soil healthy. This section tells about earthworms. Use the index of your book to find one other page with information about animals. 2 A-2
- 4. Let’s watch the earthworms at work. You will need: 1. a see-through plastic box with a lid, about one foot square by six inches deep Punch air holes along the sides of the box and in the lid. 2. about two dozen earthworms 3. chopped vegetable and fruit scraps Carrots are easy to see in the box. 4. soil Why is this part of the lesson written as a list? How do the pictures help you understand this list? 3 A-3
- 5. Here’s how to start your worm composting center: 1) Put two inches of rich soil in the bottom of the container. 2) Put two inches of chopped vegetable and fruit scraps on top of the soil. 3) Move some of the scraps so you can see them through the box. This way you can see daily changes. 4) Cover the scraps with two inches of soil. What word 5) Add water to get the soil a little wet. in this heading 6) Measure the height of the soil mixture and write helps you know these are ordered the measurement in a chart. steps, not just a 7) Put about two dozen worms on the wet soil. list of items? 8) Put the lid on the box. Worms like the dark. When you are done looking at the worms, put the box in a dark place. Check the box every day for changes. After two weeks: Measure the height of the soil mixture. Record the measurement on your chart. How has the height changed from the first time you measured it? Have the worms been doing their job? 4 A-4
- 6. Skin and Skin Care Lesson 2 Health M r. Ortega’s third graders did an TexT experiment to find out how hand FeaTures washing affects health. They washed their hands thoroughly four times a day at school. During this experiment, fewer students were absent from school. Why? F ocus Skin protects your body, and it is Your skin is your body’s armor, so you important to keep it clean. Washing your need to take good hands frequently keeps your skin clean care of it. and healthy, so it can protect you. Vocabulary Are You • oil glands Washing Properly? • pores 1. Wet your hands. Why is this information in a box instead of the paragraph? 2. Put soap on your hands. 3. Lather and scrub. Don’t forget to wash between your fingers. This should take 15–20 seconds. 4. Rinse and dry. 1 B-1 Standards Addressed: English/Language Arts: 3.2.1, 3.2.3 Science: 3.4.9 Health: 3.1.1, 3.1.8, 3.3.5, 3.6.3
- 7. Write one way you know that oil glands is a vocabulary word in this lesson. Skin Protects Your Body Skin protects you in many ways. It has oil glands that produce oil. The oil comes out where the little hairs on your skin grow from follicles. The oil makes your skin soft and waterproof so you don’t get soggy when you get wet. Your skin also cools you down. Your body is cooled by sweat that comes out of your pores. Pores are tiny holes in your skin. When you get too hot, your sweat glands release sweat from pores to cool you down. The lesson does not tell you very much about follicles. Look this word up in your glossary and write the definition below. The definition of follicles includes the difficult words secretion and excretion. Which of these will come first in your glossary? Write the definitions of both of these words in the space below: secretion: excretion: hair pores sweat gland oil gland follicle fat 2 B-2
- 8. Taking Care of Your Skin Since your skin is so important, you need to take care of it. One easy way to protect it is by keeping it clean. When you wash your hands, you wash away dirt and germs. Dirt and germs from your hands can easily get inside you through your eyes, mouth, or a cut. To stop these germs, wash your hands with soap and warm water. Scrapes and cuts are dangerous breaks in your skin. Use the word how to write this When you get a cut or scrape, heading as a question. clean it with soap and water. Then put on a bandage. The cut will heal faster, and the bandage Write two answers to this question from will protect you from germs. this section. Another way to take care of your skin is to shield it from the sun. The sun’s harmful rays will dry out your skin and give you wrinkles. When the sun burns your skin, it is called sunburn. Sunburns hurt and can lead to a disease called skin cancer. Using sunscreen and wearing clothing such as hats, pants, and long sleeves protects your skin against the sun’s harmful rays. Don’t forget to protect your skin when you are outdoors by wearing sunscreen. 3 B-3
- 9. Taking care of your skin is part of taking care of you. Your skin keeps your organs in and germs out. Help your skin protect you, and keep your largest organ happy, healthy, and looking good! Always Wash Your Hands: • after you blow your nose, cough, or sneeze • after playing outside • before you eat or handle any food • after you use the bathroom Does this chart help you understand the main idea of the lesson? Write one reason why or why not. Always wash your hands before eating or handling food. 4 B-4
- 10. ××× ===== +++++ Comparing Numbers Lesson 3 ÷÷÷÷÷ ---- MaTh Which of the following do you think you are most likely to read about in this lesson? what something is like how two or more things are different TexT why some people are taller than other people FeaTures How do you know? Find Out Find Out You can use the greater than (>) and less than (<) symbols Who is the Tallest? to compare numbers. Josh’s family wants to take a MMath Words ath WOrds picture. His mom thought it would be a • greater than (>) good idea if they lined up from shortest • less than (<) to tallest. Josh’s dad and mom are both 70 inches tall. Josh is 53 inches tall. His sister Mia is 65 inches, and his brother Andrew is 58 inches. In what order will they get into line? This paragraph tells a story about Josh and his family. How is it related to the main idea of the lesson? Why did the author include the story? 1 C-1 Standards Addressed: English/Language Arts: 3.2.1, 3.2.3 Mathematics: 3.1.5
- 11. Fill in the Chart In the chart below, arrange the people in Josh’s family in order from the tallest to the shortest and write in their heights. The first one is done for you. Family Member Height in Inches Dad 70 inches How does this chart help you understand the main idea of lesson? 2 C-2
- 12. Comparing Numbers Using Symbols Special symbols can be used to compare numbers. Josh can use them to compare the heights of people in his family. The symbol < means less than. The symbol > means greater than. Josh is 53 inches. Andrew is 58 inches. Josh’s height is less than Andrew’s height. Josh’s height < Andrew’s height. Explain why some words in this paragraph are in bold print. The word symbol is not defined in the lesson. Is it in the book’s glossary? How would you define the word symbol? Use the < and > symbols to compare the heights of Josh’s family members. Josh’s height Mom’s height Josh’s height Dad’s height Josh’s height Mia’s height Dad’s height Mom’s height Mia’s height Andrew’s height Use the index to find the page numbers of one other lesson that tells about working with numbers and write it below: Now use the table of contents to find that lesson’s title and write it below: _______________________________ _______________________________ 3 C-3 _______________________________
- 13. I Pledge… Social Studies Lesson 4 A Promise for a Pet The kids in room 23 were excited TexT because they were going to get a FeaTures class pet. They went to the pet store to get their hamster. Before they could take the hamster to school, the pet store owner asked them to sign a “Pet Care Pledge.” Main Idea People sign and say pledges to show they Pet Care Pledge mean what they say. I pledge to take good care of my pet: Vocabulary I will treat my pet gently, • Pledge love my pet always, • Pledge of Allegiance feed my pet regularly, wash my pet and keep her/his home clean, keep her/him healthy, and make sure my pet is safe from harm. Does the Pet Care Kimiko N. Rosa Ann Pledge help you understand what this lesson will be Trenton Allison Luca T’Shawn Eden Alayna about? Write one reason why or why not. Brennan Conn or Claire Wren D-1 Standards Addressed: English/Language Arts: 3.2.1, 3.2.3 Social Studies: 3.2.2, 3.2.6
- 14. How does this heading help you understand what you are about A Pledge is a Promise to read? Have you ever signed a pledge? A pledge is a formal promise. Sometimes people recite or say pledges. Many groups like the Girl Scouts have pledges or promises for their members. Do you say a pledge at your school? Some students say a pledge to do their best work and behave correctly. Our country even has an official pledge called the Pledge of Where else in your textbook Allegiance. could you look to find a map of the United States? Washington North Dakota Lake Superior Maine Montana Minnesota Idaho Oregon New York New Wisconsin Lake Vermont Hampshire South Dakota Huron rio Lake Michigan Michigan ta Lake On Massachusetts Rhode Island Wyoming rie Connecticut E Lake Pennsylvania New Jersey Iowa Nebraska Ohio Nevada Delaware Illinois Maryland Utah Indiana Colorado Virginia West Kansas Virginia Missouri California Kentucky Oklahoma North Carolina Arizona Tennessee New Mexico South Carolina Arkansas Mississippi Georgia Louisiana Alabama Texas Barrow Alaska Fort Yukon Nome Florida Fairbanks Anchorage Cordova Bear Hawaii Lake Unalaska Prince Rupert 0 500 Miles 0 100 Miles 0 500 Km 0 100 Km Do this map and caption help you understand the Pledge of The United States has one Alliegiance? Why or why not? pledge for all 50 states. D-2
- 15. The Pledge of Allegiance The Pledge of Allegiance was written a long time ago by a man named Francis Bellamy. He called his pledge the “Pledge to the Flag.” He had this pledge printed in a magazine in 1892. He wanted children to say the Pledge on Columbus Day for a special celebration. Soon many children learned the Pledge. The Pledge became an official part of our county’s rules in the 1942 U.S. Flag Code. The government later changed the name of this pledge to “The Pledge of Allegiance.” Over the years, the words to The Pledge of Allegiance have changed, but today children and adults are still reciting it. It is a pledge Loyal is a key that many word in this paragraph. Americans To find its meaning, say when you should look in a(n) they stand before the ○ table of contents ○ glossary American ○ index flag. They ○ atlas put their hands on their hearts to show they mean what they promise. Then they recite the words to the Pledge to show they promise to be loyal to their country. Does this picture help What other picture would you you understand the Pledge of put here to help other students Allegiance? Write one reason why understand the Pledge? Why? or why not. D-3
- 16. Understanding the Pledge of Allegiance The Pledge begins with the words, “I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America.” To understand the Pledge, you need to know the meaning of the words. You already know that a pledge is a promise. There are other words in The Pledge of Allegiance that you may not know as well. Look at the chart below to find the meaning of some words in the Pledge. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. allegiance (UH-lee-jance) strong feelings of loyalty indivisible (IN-di-VIZ- uh- bull) cannot be split up justice (JUST-iss) fairness liberty (LI-burr-tee) freedom pledge (Plej) a formal promise republic (Re-PUB-lick) a government where the lawmakers and leaders are chosen by votes Why did the author include (UH-lee-jance) after the word allegiance? Where else can you see words written like this? D-4