Textfeatures
- 1. Text Features Text Features What are text features? Text features are parts of your textbook that have been created to help you locate and learn information. Text features are used in designing and organizing the pages of your textbook. The title page and table of contents are text features you can find at the beginning of books. Headings, graphics, main idea boxes, and bolded words are some of the text features you will find in the middle of your book. Reference pages like glossaries, indexes, and atlases are some text features you might find at the end of your book. Below is a list of text features. How many can you find in your book? o title page o graphics (pictures, graphs, charts, etc.) o headings o table of contents o bolded or highlighted words o review questions o vocabulary boxes o index o main idea boxes o atlas o glossaries o chapter titles Why should you look at the text features? Looking at text features will help you know what is most important in a lesson and help you locate information quickly. Looking at the titles in the table of contents or on a page can quickly tell you what information you will learn about. Reference pages such as the glossary can help you find out more about a certain topic or word. How do you use text features? Knowing which text features to use and when to use them is important. The chart below can help you decide which text features to look at when you want to understand your book better. To understand words To find main ideas To find data or and vocabulary use: and topics use: places use: • glossary • table of contents • maps • vocabulary boxes • headings • atlas • bolded or highlighted • index • charts words • main idea boxes • tables • review questions
- 2. Main Idea Main Idea What is a main idea? A main idea is the most important idea in a lesson or paragraph. It ties all of the ideas in the lesson or paragraph together. When good readers read, they look for the main idea to test their understanding. Why should you look for a main idea? Recognizing the main idea will help you understand the lesson or paragraph. When should you look for a main idea? Look for a main idea whenever you read. • Before you read, look to see if the main idea of the lesson is listed on the first page or in the first paragraph. If not, skim the lesson’s paragraphs, headings, and graphics to see if you can figure out its main idea. • As you read each paragraph, ask yourself what is most important. What idea ties everything together? • After you read, ask yourself what you learned. Why did the author write the lesson or paragraph? How does understanding the main idea help you understand the lesson? How do you find the main idea? Much of the time, the main idea of a paragraph is in its first sentence. Other times, you will need to read the entire paragraph to find the main idea. Use the main ideas of the paragraphs to check your understanding of the lesson’s main idea. Look for words or ideas that are repeated in the text. Be sure to look at: • graphics • titles • review questions • vocabulary • captions • headings • paragraphs Decide what is most important. What information must the lesson include in order for you to understand it?
- 3. a Problems and Solutions What are problems and solutions? When good readers read, they pay attention to how events or ideas in a lesson are related. Sometimes events or ideas are related because one is a problem and one is a solution. A problem is something that needs to be figured out or fixed. A solution is a way of fixing a problem. Why should you look for problems and solutions? Understanding how events and ideas in the lesson are related will help you read the lesson better. Recognizing problems and solutions will help you connect and understand the most important ideas in the lesson. When should you look for problems and solutions? Whenever you read, you should try to figure out how the lesson is organized. • Before you read, look to see if the lesson is divided into two sections—one for problems and one for solutions. Skim the lesson’s paragraphs, headings, and graphics to see if you can figure out if the lesson describes a problem and its solution. • As you read, ask yourself how ideas in the lesson are related. • After you read, ask yourself what you learned. Why did the author include the events and ideas that you read about? How are these events and ideas related? How does understanding a problem and its solution help you understand the lesson? How do you find problems and solutions? In order to understand problems and solutions, you need to ask yourself questions as you read. Think about how events and ideas in the lesson are related. Problem: Solution: • Ask: What needs to be figured • Ask: Was the problem solved? out or fixed? How was it figured out or fixed? • Look for special problem signal • Look for special solution signal words or phrases (problem, words or phrases (solution, fixed, figure out, since, because, figured out, so, accomplished, needs, in order to etc.) improved, helped, calculated etc.)
- 4. Predicting Predicting What is a prediction? A prediction is a guess about what will happen next in a story or lesson. A prediction is based on what you already know. Before good readers read, they use what they already know to predict what they might learn. As good readers read, they use what they already know to predict what might come next. Why should you make predictions? Predictions make reading interesting. They also help you think about what you are reading. When should you make predictions? Make predictions whenever you read. • Before you read, predict what you might learn based on what you know and clues from the lesson (headings, vocabulary, etc.). • As you read, check to see if your predictions were right. Make new predictions based on what you read. Always ask yourself what you think will come next. • After you read, think about the predictions you made. How did they help you understand the lesson? How could you make better predictions next time? How do you make predictions? When you read, use what you already know, clues from the lesson, and your thinking skills to predict what a lesson will be about or what will come next. • Brainstorm what you already know about the topic. • Read and take notes. Look at anything that looks important or interesting, including: • graphics • titles • headings • vocabulary words • captions • main ideas • Use what you know and what you notice to make predictions.
- 5. Key Words Key Words What are key words? When good readers read, they pay attention to each word. They figure out which words are most important. Key words are words you need to learn in order to understand your lesson. They might be vocabulary words that are printed in bold type in your lesson. They might be words that you need to know in order to understand vocabulary words or other important ideas in a lesson. You need to know these words when you answer questions about the lesson or take a test. Why should you learn key words? Learning key words will help you understand the big ideas in a lesson. It will help you understand important people, places, and ideas. When should you look for key words? Whenever you read, you should look for key words. • Before you read, look to see if vocabulary words are listed on the first page of the lesson. Skim the lesson’s paragraphs to see if vocabulary words are printed in bold type, highlighted, or defined in boxes on the sides of pages. These are all key words. • Look for words that are new to you. • Look for words that have been pronounced for you in your textbook. What helps you understand key words? There are several strategies that can help you understand the meaning of key words. • Look up the words in a glossary or dictionary. • Use context clues from the sentence or paragraph. • Break the words into meaningful word parts. • Ask for help. How can you remember what key words mean? • Draw pictures to illustrate the words. • Use the words in sentences that connect them to you. • Review the meaning of the words and check your understanding.