The document discusses the skills needed for success in the 21st century, known as 21st century skills. It identifies 8 key skills: creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, collaboration, information management, effective use of technology, career and life skills, and cultural awareness. Each skill is further broken down into sub-skills. The document also discusses how instruction needs to change to develop these skills in students, including incorporating project-based learning, technology, collaboration, and real-world applications. Finally, it outlines the characteristics of an effective 21st century teacher, such as being an adaptor, visionary, collaborator, risk-taker, learner, communicator, model, and leader.