The document discusses the development and mechanism of oncolytic viruses, focusing on factors influencing their efficacy, such as viral genome size, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity. It highlights oncolytic virus families like herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus, detailing their characteristics and clinical applications, particularly the approved use of T-VEC. Additionally, the document covers strategies for combining oncolytic viruses with immunotherapies and methods for assessing pharmacodynamic activity.