The Great Mobile Debate: Native vs. Hybrid App Development

Building Mobile
Cross-Platform Apps
with HTML5, jQuery
Mobile & PhoneGap
Nick Landry
Microsoft Senior Technical Evangelist
Nokia Developer Ambassador
nick.landry@microsoft.com
www.AgeofMobility.com
@ActiveNick

Who is ActiveNick?
• Senior Technical Evangelist – Microsoft
• Nokia Developer Ambassador and Champion
• Former Microsoft MVP – 2005-2014: Windows Phone Development
– Mobile Publisher – Big Bald Apps: http://www.bigbaldapps.com
• Speaker. Blogger. Author. Tweeter. Gamer
• 20+ Years of Professional Experience
• Specialties:
– Cross-Platform Mobile Development
– Location Intelligence & Geospatial Systems
– Data Visualization, HPC, Cloud
– Mobile Game Development
• Blog: www.AgeofMobility.com
• Twitter: @ActiveNick
2005-2014

Agenda
• Review of Modern Mobile Platforms
• Different Approaches for Multi/Cross-Platform Development
– Native Mobile Development
– Mobile “Hybrid” Development
– Other Cross-Platform Options
• Fight! Pros & Cons of Each
• Recommendations & Guidelines
• Join in & Participate

Why Mobile Development Matters
• Humans are lazy & reactive
• Users are more mobile than ever
• Miniaturization and the all-in-one device
• Smartphones & tablets: From luxury to commodity
• From a “Connected World” to a “Social World”
• Smartphones and tablets overtaking PCs & laptops
• The Enterprise and BYOD
• New monetization platforms
• Reaching millions of users & expanding your audience to developing markets
• Mobile apps are the new resume

Really?
What is a Mobile Developer?

Mobile Development: The Reality

Will Mobile Development Make Me Rich!

Is Market Share the Whole Story?

$
Top Row Source: Microsoft, as of 1/31/14
Year over Year (YoY) Source: Microsoft, 1/31/13 – 1/31/14
Quarter over Quarter (QoQ) Source: Microsoft, Q3 vs Q4 2014
Recent Highlights
Windows App Ecosystem Growth

What is a Mobile Developer?
Mobile Web / Hybrid Dev
Web
View
Web
View
Web
View
• Objective-C
• Xcode, AppCode
iOS
• Java
• Eclipse, IntelliJ
Android
• C#, VB, F#, etc.
• Visual Studio
Windows
• C#
• Xamarin Studio
Xamarin
.iOS
(Mono)
• C#
• Xamarin Studio
Xamarin
.Android
(Mono)
• C#, VB, F#, etc.
• Visual Studio
Windows
(.NET,
WinRT)
Native Mobile Platforms Native Cross-Platform Dev
HTML5
JavaScript
HTML5
JavaScript
HTML5
JavaScript
Native API
to iOS
(PhoneGap)
Native API
to Android
(PhoneGap)
Native API
to Windows
(PhoneGap)

i.e. How to compete with 1,000,000 apps
iOS Development for iPhone & iPad

Your first app
“The quality of app store apps have become very high. To
reach those standards requires a lot of investment in time
and resources, which is really difficult for a solo developer.”
Konstantinos Kontos
Software Designer - Lead iOS / OS X Engineer
400,000 iOS apps were never downloaded (~57%)

Getting Started with Native iOS Development
Get a Mac. iOS device
recommended too
• 2.5GHz Intel Core i5 Mac
Mini from $599 (new)
• 11-inch Intel Core i5 64GB
MacBook Air from $999
(new)
• Look for eBay Deals
Install Xcode
• Free download in the Mac
App Store
• Register an account at
developer.apple.com
• $99 / year to deploy to
actual devices & publish to
the App Store
Install Xamarin.iOS
• Aka “MonoTouch”
• Yes, you still need a Mac to
build iOS apps
• Free Starter Edition at
Xamarin.com
• $299 for Indie Edition: no
size limit + components
Install Other Tools
• UI Controls
• SDKs & Frameworks
• Dev Tools & IDEs
• Prototyping Tools
• Deployment Tools
• Start Learning!

Getting Started: .NET  iOS
MICROSOFT .NET DEVELOPER APPLE IOS DEVELOPER
Computer Any Windows PC/laptop Mac
Dev Operating System Windows 8.x Mac OS X
Official Resources MSDN Apple Developer Center
Development IDE Visual Studio Xcode
Development Languages C#, VB.NET, F#, etc. Objective-C
Primary SDK .NET Framework
WP SDK – WinRT SDK
iOS SDK
Code Compilation Managed Code Native Code
Runtime CLR / WinRT No*
SDK Libraries Assemblies Frameworks
User Interface XAML Controls Cocoa Touch Controls
Operating System Targets Windows 8, Windows Phone iOS
Developer Program $19 per year $99 per year
Target Devices Lots of Diversity Few Options

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iOS and the Model View Controller

Android Development
i.e. How to build apps for 12,000+
device models

“I was looking to pick the most common
Android devices, and then discovered
that the top 100 only covered about a
third of our users.”
Mike Shaver
Engineering Director, Facebook


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Development for the Android Ecosystem

Android UI Design
Dealing with Countless Screen Sizes & Resolutions

Android Platform Fragmentation
http://opensignal.com/reports/fragmentation.php

Windows & Windows Phone
Development
Rooting for the underdog

The Great Mobile Debate: Native vs. Hybrid App Development

Windows Phone in Numbers
240K 91% 10%
24 13

It’s important to design for the platform differences as well as similarities
Windows: Some Key Differences
Screen Size
Windows Phone
800x480, 1280x720, 1280x768
Portrait, Landscape
Windows
1366x768, 1920x1080, etc.
Portrait, Landscape, Snapped
Controls
Windows Phone
Panorama, Pivot, ListPicker
LongListSelector
Windows
GridView, ListView, Semantic
Zoom, FlipView
Lifecycle
Windows Phone
Launched from start/apps list.
Tombstones apps
Windows
Resumes existing apps
No tombstoning
Platform
Windows Phone
WinRT-XAML + C#, VB, C++
Silverlight Legacy API
Windows
WinRT Core:
• XAML + C#, VB, C++
• HTML + JavaScript (WinJS)
Both run C++ & D3D games

One Windows for App Developers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Windows developer platform
| |
Windows Phone Only
Windows Only

Silo
Approach:
Build the
Same
Apps Multiple
Times

Write Once,
Run Anywhere
Approach
Lowest
Common
Denominator
Browser
Fragmentation
• App Generation.
• Web Browser in a
Native Wrapper +
PhoneGap APIs.

Mobile Web / Hybrid Web Apps
PhoneGap and its Derivatives

What is a Mobile Hybrid App?
Native WP Shell
Embedded Internet
Explorer Browser
Control
Native iOS Shell
Embedded Safari
Browser Control
Native Platform API Native Platform API
MOBILE WEB
APP
=========
HTML5
(JavaScript, CSS3)
Responsive Design
JavaScript
Frameworks
PhoneGap API
JavaScript API Exposing
Native Platform Services
MOBILE WEB
APP
=========
HTML5
(JavaScript, CSS3)
Responsive Design
JavaScript Frameworks
PhoneGap API
JavaScript API Exposing
Native Platform Services

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Cross-Platform Mobile Apps


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PhoneGap, by any other name…

PhoneGap Project Structure
• config.xml
– Application attributes for PhoneGap Build
• index.html
– Web app entry point
– Included tags for phonegap.js, CSS, etc.
• index.css (in css folder)
– Basic CSS styles
• index.js (in js folder)
– With deviceReady handler

People Expect Great
Experiences

Cordova, PhoneGap, AppBuilder, Nomad…
Pros
• Write once in HTML5 & JavaScript, deploy to
multiple device platforms
• Code reuse
• Reuse existing Web expertise
• Lower development costs when targeting 2+
platforms
• Faster time to market on 2+ platforms
• Simplified deployment with cloud builds
• Modular architecture with plugins
• JQM adaptive rendering to emulate the device’s
native UI
• Telerik AppBuilder and Red Gate Nomad brings
Cordova to Visual Studio + build in the cloud
Cons
• Single UI = Generic design that doesn’t feel at
home on multiple device platforms
• Browser discrepancies
• Inferior tooling
• Learn new JavaScript frameworks: jQuery UI,
JQM, Knockout, Twitter Bootstrap, etc.
• Performance considerations
• Limited to device APIs exposed by PhoneGap
vs. native platform APIs
• Reactionary to native platform changes
• High-end & 3D graphics limited / impossible
• Vendor lock-in

Cross-Platform App Dev with Xamarin
10 years later, Mono is alive & kickin’!

Xamarin
Approach
Native with
Code Sharing
Business Logic
Cloud Integration
Database Access

How Does Xamarin Run C# on iOS or Android?

Xamarin History
Over a Decade of Enterprise Production Use
2000
Ximian
Founded
2001
Mono
Started
2003
Ximian
Acquired
by Novell
2009
First iOS
product (now
Xamarin.iOS)
launches
2011
Xamarin
Founded
First
Release of
Xamarin.Android
2012
First
release of
Xamarin.Mac
Launch
Partner
Program
2013
Xamarin 2.0
Component
Store
Evolve 2013
Xamarin Test
Cloud
Microsoft
Partnership
Reach 200,000
Developer
Mark
500,000+
Developers
100+ Partners
100+ Components


 http://scan.xamarin.com


.NET Mobility Scanner

Xamarin: How much?
Starter Edition
(free)
Indie Edition
($299)
Business
Edition ($999)
Enterprise
Edition ($1899)
Integration with Visual Studio in Business Edition & above

Xamarin.Mac
Xamarin Studio
Xamarin Test Cloud
Component Store
Xamarin.iOS
Xamarin.Android
Xamarin for
Visual Studio
.NET Mobility Scanner

Development Environment
Xamarin Studio
PC or Mac
Visual Studio Plugin
VS 2010/2012/2013





Xamarin Studio



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


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
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Visual Studio Integration



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Android Designer


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iOS Designer

How
Xamarin
Works
C# + .NET Runtime
Native UI
Native Performance

Native Dev: Platform Tools or Xamarin?
Platform Tools (Windows, iOS, Android)
• Default native method to build apps
• Free development tools & SDKs
• Requires learning at least one language &
SDK per platform (C#, Java, Objective-C)
• Design, develop & maintain completely
separate apps for each platform
• More learning resources available
• Books, web sites, blogs, training,
StackOverflow, videos, larger community,
etc.
• iOS: Only option (yet) for GUI design with
Interface Builder
Xamarin / Mono
• Reuse existing C# skills & source code (but
you have to know C#)
• Need to buy an additional tool: extra cost
• Need to learn new tools & techniques
• Still need to learn the specifics of each
platform SDK, app architecture & lifecycle
• Fewer third-party libraries available
• No built-in GUI designer for iOS (yet, in
beta): Use IB in Xcode or code it!
• Offers a better Android designer than
provided by Google for Eclipse
• Vendor lock-in / dependency

Which Mobile Approach is the Right One?
Is There a Silver Bullet?

Go Native or Go Home
If you want to chase that “Angry Birds” money…

Mobile Strategy Considerations
Audience
• General Consumer
Market
• Niche Consumer
Market
• Enterprise Users
• BYOD
Objectives
• Marketing “Checklist”
Apps
• Brand “Reach” Apps
• Weekend Warrior Apps
• Apps for Profit
• Mobile Revolution
Apps
Other Considerations
• Mobile Population
Coverage Target &
Desired Reach
• Expertise
• Resources
• Timeframe

 There is no silver bullet, no “one size
fits all”, when choosing a cross-
platform mobile strategy
 Native Apps and Hybrid Apps both
have their place
 Each mobile project should be
evaluated separately
 Audience, Goals, Reach, Expertise, Resources
 Always create a unique UI specific to
the platform
Summary


 www.AgeofMobility.com

 developer.apple.com/videos/ios

 developer.apple.com/wwdc/videos

 www.pluralsight.com/training/Courses#ios

 http://iosdevweekly.com

 www.infragistics.com/community/blogs/stevez

 www.infragistics.com/community/blogs/torrey-betts

 twitter.com/ActiveNick/ios-dev-bloggers
iOS Technical Resources

Recommended iOS Books
iOS Programming for .NET Developers
(Josh Smith)
http://iosfordotnetdevs.com
Programming iOS 7, 4th Edition
(Neuburg, O’Reilly)
http://amzn.to/1el9Z7L
iOS Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide
4th Edition(Conway, Hillegass, Keur)
http://amzn.to/1dIM999
Objective-C Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide
2nd Edition (Hillegass, Ward)
http://amzn.to/1kHJQaB

Free iBooks
These iBooks are not very recent, dating back
to 2010 and iOS version 4
But free is free!
Use them as a starting point but make sure to
stay current with references on programming
for iOS 5 and 6
Additional iOS Programming books are available for free from Apple via the iBooks Store on
your iOS device, including Objective C, Cocoa Fundamentals, iOS, OS X, Deployment &
more.
Available on iPad and iPhone

Getting Started with Windows Phone
Get Ready to Become a Windows Phone Developer
Download the SDK at dev.windowsphone.com
Explore the Microsoft samples and start building apps in Visual Studio
Learn More About Windows Phone Dev via Official Microsoft Videos
Windows Phone 8 Jump Start Training: http://bit.ly/wp8jump
Windows Phone 8 Dev for Absolute Beginners: http://bit.ly/wp8devAB
Check Out Additional Learning Resources
Pluralsight WP Training: www.pluralsight.com/training/Courses#windows-phone
Nokia Developer: www.developer.nokia.com
Download Additional Resources & Become an Expert
Download the Windows Phone Toolkit: phone.codeplex.com
Nokia Developer Offers: http://bit.ly/nokiadevoffers
68
1
2
3
4

http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Build/2014/

 dev.windowsphone.com
 http://bit.ly/wp8jump
 http://bit.ly/wp8devAB
 blogs.windows.com/windows_phone/b/wpdev
 blogs.windows.com/windows_phone/b/windowsphone
 http://developer.nokia.com
 http://bit.ly/godvlup
 http://conversations.nokia.com
 http://apps.windowsstore.com
 http://flip.it/95YFG
 www.geekchamp.com
 www.wpcentral.com
Windows Phone Resources

Recommended JQM & PhoneGap Books
jQuery, jQuery UI, and jQuery Mobile: Recipes and Examples
(de Jonge, Addison-Wesley)
http://amzn.to/1eB5KHE
20 Recipes for Programming PhoneGap: Cross-Platform Mobile
Development for Android and iPhone (Munro, O’Reilly)
http://amzn.to/18SohJC
jQuery Mobile: Up and Running
(Firtman, O’Reilly)
http://amzn.to/15Olkce
jQuery Mobile
(Reid, O’Reilly)
http://amzn.to/1aAcd6K


 http://phonegap.com
 http://nodejs.org

 http://jquerymobile.com/resources

 www.pluralsight.com/training/Courses/Find?searchTerm=phonegap

 www.sublimetext.com
 http://jsFiddle.net
 http://JSBin.com
 http://codiqa.com
 www.jetbrains.com/webstorm
Technical Resources: PhoneGap & Web

PhoneGap Articles and Posts
• PhoneGap 3.0 – Stuff You Should Know
– http://devgirl.org/2013/09/05/phonegap-3-0-stuff-you-should-know
• PhoneGap 3 for Dummies, Part 1: Setup & a first example
– http://neophob.com/2013/08/phonegap-3-for-dummies-part-1-
setup-and-a-first-example
• PhoneGap and Cordova with iOS 7
– http://coenraets.org/blog/2013/09/phonegap-and-cordova-with-ios-7

Recommended Android & Xamarin Books
Xamarin Mobile Application Development for iOS
(Paul Johnson)
http://amzn.to/1bGBD2o
Mobile Development with C#: Building Native iOS, Android,
and Windows Phone Applications (Greg Shackles)
http://amzn.to/1bdWYgR
Android Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide
(Bill Phillips, Brian Hardy)
http://amzn.to/1k7jeuK
Programming Android: Java Programming for the New
Generation of Mobile Devices (Mednieks, Dornin, et al.)
http://amzn.to/1bdHA4W


 http://xamarin.com/download

 http://docs.xamarin.com

 http://xamarin.com/evolve/2013

 http://blog.xamarin.com

 http://weblogs.asp.net/wallym

 http://www.gregshackles.com


Thank You!
Slides will be posted on my Slideshare account.
Please share your comments. Your feedback is important and appreciated.
Slideshare: www.slideshare.net/ActiveNick
Blog: www.AgeofMobility.com
Twitter: @ActiveNick
Mobile Apps: www.bigbaldapps.com
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/activenick
Website: www.AgeofMobility.com
Email: nick.landry@microsoft.com

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