The importance of connecting stability
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The document discusses the critical role of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in disaster recovery efforts following the Great East Japan Earthquake. It highlights the deployment of satellite and internet services to support communication in affected areas, noting the challenges of bandwidth and service stability. The report underscores the need for effective public-private partnerships and the importance of rapid information dissemination to improve recovery efforts in disaster scenarios.
The importance of connecting stability
- 1. The importance of connecting stability: Lesson of ICT disaster recovery activities in the Great East Japan Earthquake Masafumi OE <masa@fumi.org> National Astronomical Observatory of Japan French – Japanese Workshop on Satellite Communications for Disaster Management and Emergency in Embassy of France in Japan, Apr. 24, 2013 2013/4/24 1M.OE
- 2. 2013/4/24 2 Rikuzentakata Temporally hospital, Iwate in March 24, 2011 Satellite phone x 2 (No Internet ) Satellite Internet is for offloading communications Satellite phones are using for receiving Emergency call M.OE
- 3. 3 K-Wave, Kesenuma, Miyagi March 25, 2011 Rikuzentakata Dai1-Chugakkou, Iwate May, 2011 2013/4/24 Watching Tunami video on Youtube Playing online game Shifting purposes / users / bandwidth requirement for the Internet From rescue use To entertainment use. From Kbps order To Mbps order From restricted user only To all M.OE
- 4. Post-Disaster Recovery Internet (PDR) Project • From 2011.3.15, private-public partnership Internet volunteer project in order to provide the Internet connectivity in the disaster area • Teamed up with satellite communications companies, ICT industries, Universities and research institutes. • Cisco Systems, IPSTAR, SKY Perfect JSAT, Fusion communications, Intel, etc • National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, KEIO Univ. • Provided the first-aid temporally ICT kit to the disaster area. • Our ICT first aid kit was composed of permanent commercial Internet connectivity service and cost effective and stable products. 2013/4/24 4M.OE
- 5. Kesenuma city Rikuzentakata city March, 2011 Ofunato city Yamada town Otuchi town April, 2011 May – June, 2011 Miyako city Ishinomaki city Kamaishi city Wakuya town Onagawa town Sumida town Minamisanriku town July - , 2011 Deploying area 5 • We’re supported a total of 53 sites in the end of July, 2011. • Service was continuing until the end of Feb., 2012. • We mainly supported in Sanriku coast area where needs time to recover than downtown area. • Our supported sites were accepted on information from the local governments, NTT-East, and phone / face –to- face survey. 2013/4/24 M.OE
- 6. 53カ所の展開地区 地区 設置場所名称 宮古市 Miyako グリーンピア三陸宮古 赤前小学校・仮設住宅 山田町 Yamada 山田町役場 B&G海洋センター 青少年の家 南小学校/さくら幼稚園/武徳殿 大沢 小学校 大沢 ふるさとセンター 山田高校 織笠コミュニティ 織笠保育園 船越保育園 船越防災センター 大浦漁村センター 大浦保育園 豊間根中学校 豊間根中学校格技上 豊間根 保育園 豊間根 生活改善センター 大槌町 Otsuchi 大槌高等学校 釜石市 Kamaishi 栗林小学校 大船渡市 Ofunato 大船渡市役所 カメリアホール 総合福祉会館 大船渡市三陸支所 設置場所名称 地区 陸前高田第一中学校・仮設 陸前高田市 Rikuzentakata 高田病院(米崎CC) 長部小学校 オートキャンプ場モビリア 小泉中学 SaveTakata 住田町 Sumida 総合体育館 気仙沼市 Kesennuma 唐桑総合支所 はまなすの丘 階下小学校 階下公民館 志津川中学校 南三陸町 Minamisanriku ニュー泊崎荘 志津川高等学校 入谷小学校 荻浜中学校 石巻市 Ishinomaki 荻浜小学校 大須中学校 大須小学校 遊学館 北上中学校 湊小学校 牡鹿保健センター 牡鹿病院 石巻ロイヤル病院 涌谷町研修館 涌谷町 Wakuya 海泉閣 女川町Onagawa 6 Logistic support site Iwate prefectural office building, Morioka city NAOJ Mizusawa Observatory, Ohsyu city Mediaship, Ishinomaki city and more Supported sites 2013/4/24 M.OE
- 7. Introduction of our ICT First Aid kit (1) Cisco Systems Cisco 1941 with W-CDMA 3G connection IPstar VSAT 4Mbps/2Mbps JSAT ExBird VSAT 4Mbps/800Kbps Internet Sattelite 3G Any way to the Internet ADSL/Optical network Long reach / Multi-hop Wi-Fi7 PC and Printers 74cm dish 84cm dish No professional person was in change on the site during operation term. -Fully remotely monitoring and operation 2013/4/24 M.OE
- 8. Introduction of our ICT First Aid kit (2) Service Provider IPstar JSAT ExBird JSAT ExBird Imarsat BGAN (Cisco 1941 IP router with 3G module ) / Total System Weight 35Kg including counter weight 30Kg including counter weight 15Kg 3kg 4Kg Unit price 30万円( 3000 US$) 50万円 ( 5000US$ ) ? 45万円( 4500US$) 15万円 ( 1500US$) Service Bandwidth 2Mbps-4Mbps (Data volume limited) -4Mbps -4Mbps -492Kbps -2Mbps (Depending on W-CDMA network service quality) 2013/4/24 8M.OE
- 9. Example Dish Satellite modem IP Router 2 Pair (TX/RX) 5C Coaxial Cables WiFi Access point with PoE Free Wi-Fi Service SSID: The-Internet 2013/4/24 Deploying Wi-Fi APs in the shelterM.OE 9
- 10. 3G or Satellite? : Actual service status on NTT DoCoMo 3G(W-CDMA) NTT DoCoMo 3G service in KESENNUMA CITY AREA Location K-Wave (Shelter) Karakura City office Hamanasuno-oka (Shelter) Band 800MHz 2100MHz 800MHz 2100MHz 800MHz 2100MHz 2/24 ○*) ？ × 3/26 × ○ ×→○ × ？ 3/27 ○ ○ ◎ ？ 3/28 ？ ○ ◎ △ 3/29 ？ ○ ？ ？ △ × 3/30 ○ ○ ◎ × △ 3/31 ？ ？ ◎ ？ △ × ◎：Service available ○：Service available in outside △：Service unstable ×：NOT in service ？：unknown 2013/4/24 3G data service was unstable in some area / time / date. -Actual bandwidth on 3G was unstable from 120Kbps up to 2Mbps depending on network congestion, radio coverage area and service band. -Actual bandwidth on satellite was stable. We provided VSAT system to the site when 3G service was not in service or unstable. M.OE 10
- 11. Traffic trend http 34% ipsec 28% secure-http 18% youtube 6% dns 4% skype 3% bittorrent 2% Others 5% Traffic trend based on actual amount of traffic 2013/4/24 11M.OE
- 12. Unbalance support in the disaster area • Support resources had been concentrated to shelters / victims that said “I need a help!”. • No say then no help. • Case example in Rikuzentakata city • Victims in the shelter made active use of sharing information with supporters. • using mass media such as TV, newspaper, radio and etc. • using Blog, SNS, and etc on the Internet. Ensure rapid and efficient support from personal/ private company / NGO etc.. • If not, it’s quite different. Receiving basically support from the local government. This situation was not changed from Great Hanshin earthquake(‘95) • In Great Hanshin earthquake, Support resources was concentrated to the shelters which were put out the information on Mass Media. • In this disaster, it are Mass Media and Internet. 12 Support resources Supports 2013/4/24 Shelter Other shelters M.OE
- 13. Usage and service recovery from the event • Recovering status was depended in the area / carrier. • When service was not recovered until the end of May, more time to recover was needed.3 Days1 Day Suspended Mobile service due to outage of emergency power Deadline for stating medical and food support Suspended Public service Telephone, Mobile, Internet Electrical Power, Water, Gus 2 Week Highway and major roads were opened to the traffic. Partial recovery Logistics and public transportation in the private sector Materials and Personnel for recovery process were changing to the disaster area. Damaged Communication cost is increase significantly. =>It was difficult to share Valuable information such as life-support request, Shelter location, safety confirmation, and etc., Starting recovering work Road, Power, Communication ware temporally and limited recovery. Communication cost is decreasing. From Recover to Reconstruction Time the Impact InServicearea Mobile service recovered with temporary base stations. Patch with satellite and microwave network Temporary recovered -Mobile network -Optical network -Communication facility 132013/4/24 M.OE
- 14. ICT Requirements under the disaster •Technology for providing communication service to any victims in the disaster area for 3 days after the impact is very important. • Satellite communication is potential technology. • Many activities using satellite system in this disaster proofed Satellite communication is usable. •Usable example • Patch connection • Satellite network is usable for patching terrestrial networks. • Internet connection • Many users were shared the network 2013/4/24 14M.OE
- 15. ICT Requirements under the disaster • More Bandwidth! • Kbps bandwidth was not fitting for current rich communication even smart phone / tablet devices. • Mbps bandwidth is required. • Service sustainability • We feel fortunate that some commercial satellite Internet services and Experimental communication satellite such as ETS-8(KIKU-8) and WINDS are in service. • Satellite communication service business in truck is very important. • Consume budgets from Governments for Experimental satellite? X • It’s not sustainable. • Sat terminal for experimental satellite is expensive in general. • Needs Technology transfer scenarios from Experimental to Commercial service. • Low-cost and mobile satellite terminal is key factor for spread possibility. • It will be usable communication tool from the impact. • Deploy mobile terminal to shelters. • Under Limited power / logistics / manpower resources • Open protocol / Long-life service architecture design 2013/4/24 15M.OE
- 16. Thank you Masafumi OE < masa@fumi.org > NAOJ 2-21-1 OSAWA, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan 181-8588. +81-422-34-3565 2013/4/24 16M.OE