The importance of Cybersecurity
- 3. www.nalys-group.com WHAT IS CYBERSECURITY Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data as well as from disruption or misdirection of the service they provide. ( Wikipedia ) Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 4. www.nalys-group.com WHAT IS IT NOT • Protection of the personal data privacy ➔ Privacy ➔ GDPR • Data Availability in case of an accident ➔ Business continuity • Make sure your servers are always online ➔ Reliability and redundancy • Make sure your system always behave correctly ➔ Safety Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 5. www.nalys-group.com IOT PERSPECTIVE Safety Protecting the user of the device. Ex: Your car or plane may not crash even if it experiences issues Security Protecting the device from the malicious user Ex: One try to inject a virus into your phone while clicking on a web page. Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 6. www.nalys-group.com THE GRAY ZONE The brake control software in your car must be: • Bug free • Not be upgradable by anybody … to avoid breaking its safety features Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion Safety Security If there is water in you washing machine, the door must stay locked Your locker may only be opened with your key, so your belongings are safe
- 7. www.nalys-group.com CYBERSECURITY AND OTHER CONCERNS Cybersecurity is part of a global set of concerns that at the end aims at making sure that : • Your personal data can only be accessed and modified by you or somebody you trust • The system you use always behaves as specified Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion Cybersecurity Reliability Privacy Safety
- 9. www.nalys-group.com IMPACT OF A CYBERSECURITY ACCIDENT • Low impact : You don’t notice or you are only annoyed o Ex: Viruses, zombie machines (parasitism) • High impact : There is a financial or social damage o Ex: everybody knows you have a mistress/ see you naked o Ex: Ransomware, Bitcoin Heist… • Life threatening : Lives are at stake o Ex : F-35 hack target identification compromised o Ex : Ransomware attack on german hospital caused death
- 10. www.nalys-group.com HACKERS : MEN IN BLACK OR MEN IN WHITE White hats or Ethical hackers. They are paid to find the vulnerabilities in your infrastructure Black hats or the « bad guys » They do that for money or to cause damages. Sometimes they even work for the state They both like to party DEFCON and BlackHat convention is the place to be to learn about the hot topics in term of cybersecurity (like how to hack your Tesla)
- 11. www.nalys-group.com CERT Computer Emergency Response Team Team in a company responsible to monitor attacks and to respond to them as fast as possible, limiting the damages caused. Examples: o Cert.be for Belgium o CERT-EU : for Europe and NATO has also one o US-CERT Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 12. www.nalys-group.com ATTACK TYPES Common attacks • Social engineering : trick people into give you information of somebody else • Viruses : Tojan, worms, ransomware... • Denial of Service / Brute force : using Botnet • Targetted attacks : StuxNet… typically performed by states. Side channel attacks • DPA : Differential Power Attacks • Statistical time analysis • Probing using EM probes or microscopes… Stealing company secrets (blueprints…) Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 13. www.nalys-group.com SECURITY STANDARDS National Security and Militrary o Common Criteria : Regulates how to develop secure IT products ▪ Ex: RedHaT, MacOSX, TPM 2 chips, MySQL, Oracle DB… o Tempest : regulation about electromagnetic emissions Industry specific standards o Payment : PCI-DSS o CCNA, CompTIA o ANSI Coding rules, o OWASP… Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 15. www.nalys-group.com INTRODUCTION • Requirements :Target of Evaluation in Common Criteria… • Cryptography : algorithms and procedures • Concepts : need to know, layered security, access control… • Technologies : TLS, TPM 2.0, TrustZone… Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 16. www.nalys-group.com COMMON CRITERIA • Target of Evaluation (ToE) : What are ou protecting • Protection Profile (PP) : Defines threats, roles, security objectives, SFR,SAR… • Security Target : describe the security problem and “how” to address it. • Security functional requirement : requirements about security • Security Assurance requirements : number : how strict are you ➔ Define an Evaluation Assurance Level Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 17. www.nalys-group.com CONCEPTS – LAYERED PROTECTION Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion Hardware Chips. Ex:TPM 2 Board Mechanics Detect physical intrusion DPA, probing Operating System Libraries Filesystem/Data Access rights Network Application
- 18. www.nalys-group.com CONCEPTS – LAYERED PROTECTION Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion Each security layer protects against the flaws of the previous layer
- 19. www.nalys-group.com TPM 2.0 – THE SECURITY CHIP INSIDE YOUR PC • X86 processors have no HW security features • UEFI starts without any security • The TPM 2.0 is unable to verify if a request is made by a trusted party. • The TPM 2.0 sees only « The Processor » • UEFI + TPM 2.0 security can be fooled o Managment engine o Malicious code in other HW subsystems Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion TPM 2.0 Chip Secure VAULT Crypto Engine X86 Processor Unencrypted link No string authentication UEFI Settings
- 20. www.nalys-group.com TPM 2.0 – THE SECURITY CHIP INSIDE YOUR PC • System is vulnerable before and during UEFI boot process • Prevent installation of SW not signed by Microsoft (or Apple if you have a Mac) Consequence • It doesn’t protect your privacy • It doesn’t protect you from any malicious program It has nothing to do with cybersecurity Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 21. www.nalys-group.com TRUSTZONE Hardware and Software Solution • Hardware o Virtual second core with segregation of memory accesses o HW vendor specific additions to provide end to end solution • Software o OP-Tee : secure firmware o TF-A : secure pre-bootloader that initialize the TrustZone Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 25. www.nalys-group.com CRYPTOGRAPHY • Confidentiality : encryption/decryption using a key o Key length is a measure of the algorithm strength • Authenticity: Use of certificates to authenticatethe user o Need a « Root of Trust » : Something/somebody that can tell you if the data are real • Integrity : Use of secure hashes. Impossible for a Man in the Middle to rebuild a correct hash without the correct key Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 26. www.nalys-group.com SYMETRIC ENCRYPTION (DES – AES) Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 27. www.nalys-group.com ASYMETRIC ENCRYPTION ( RSA - ECDA) Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 28. www.nalys-group.com ASYMETRIC ENCRYPTION - PKI Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 30. www.nalys-group.com AN EXPLOSION OF POSSIBILITIES
- 31. www.nalys-group.com IOT FACTS AND NUMBERS • Revenue is $212 billion worldwide • 2020 : 20.4 billion IoT devices online – 2025 : 75 billion devices • 1 trillion dollar spent on IoT this year • 847 zettabytes (1021) of data generated Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 32. www.nalys-group.com CYBERSECURITY FACTS AND NUMBERS • 10.5 trillion $ damage by 2025 • 1 trillion dollars spent on Cybersecurity this year • More than 400 Million user records stolen in 2020 • 50m$ -70m$ in ransomware • Bitcoins worth 530m$ stolen in 2019 Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 34. www.nalys-group.com • Cybersecurity carries a huge financial/social risk • Risk is growing exponentially – Follows the IoT trend • Must be taken into account during design phase • It will never be perfect – You will be hacked someday • Challenging technological problem • Even more challenging procedural problem Introduction When it goes wrong Technical side Facts numbers Conclusion
- 35. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 35
- 36. www.nalys-group.com CONTACT • Benoit Callebaut : bcallebaut@nalys-group.com • Ntech : ntech@nalys-group.com www.ntech-events.com