The interactions between right to food and right to science: the public good approach
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The document explores the intersection of the right to food and the right to benefit from scientific progress, emphasizing the role of science as a global public good. It discusses the evolution of food rights, the ownership and access to agricultural and nutritional research, and the impact of patent systems on innovation. The author advocates for open access to agricultural innovations and public research to support these rights.
The interactions between right to food and right to science: the public good approach
- 1. A PUBLIC GOOD APPROACH TO FOOD Exploring synergies between right to food & right to science 1 JOSE LUIS VIVERO POL PhD Research Fellow in Food Governance Ursus Wehrli. The art of clean up. Foto by Siusson in Flickr
- 2. 2 Recent example on interactions between the right to food & the right to benefit from scientific progress. Justice Elena Kagan: “…that would result in less incentive for innovation”
- 3. 3 Primary role of scientific research is enhancement of humankind GLOBAL PUBLIC GOOD Science/Knowled ge is neither rival nor excludable SCIENCE: What for? 1. Profit ? 2. Soft Power/Dominance ? 3. Public Interest/Welfare ? 4. To simply know ? Science to address common needs Foto Jimmy Smith. Flickr Creative Commons
- 4. 4 WHAT IS THE RIGHT TO FOOD? It is the right to have regular, permanent and unrestricted access, either directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensures a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.” Jean Ziegler, A/HRC/7/5, para 17. ICESCR Is a binding treaty for the member states Foto: Jorge Salamanca ICESCR (1976) OG 12 (1999) Voluntary Guidelines (2005) Optional Protocol (2009) Growing FNS Laws, Constitutions & jurisprudence
- 5. • Pasamos de la “Seguridad Alimentaria existe cuando…” a “la realización de un derecho…”, Leyes de SAN de Guatemala y Brasil (2005 y 2006) • De “situación” a “derecho”, que se ha de garantizar (por el Estado) y se puede exigir (por los ciudadanos) • El DA está desarrollándose desde hace 20 años (PIDESC), luego su reconocimiento en los países y ahora con la justiciabilidad. The Right to Food has the same category, protection & demandability than the right not to be tortured and the right to freedom of speech Foto:SandeepThukal
- 6. 6 WHO OWNS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH? CGIAR vs. AGRI- BUSINESS
- 7. 2012: $900 M CGIAR (research)– $500 M FAO and… $1.5 Billion Monsanto (Research) 7
- 8. 8 WHO OWNS NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH? Plumpy Nut Francia Vitacereal (GUA): INCAP (public) Alimentos de Guatemala SA (Private) Nutriset holds US patent 6346284 (2002)
- 9. 9 Knowledge-based Food Elements: most are commons but patented seeds Foto: Finabocci Blue Flickr Creative Commons
- 10. 10 1. Science-based agricultural knowledge by national institutions Public copyrights by Universities National Research Institutions Foto: Argonne National Laboratory
- 11. 11 2. Traditional agricultural knowledge Fotos:JoseLuisVivero
- 12. 12 3. Cuisine, recipes & national gastronomy Foto:CarlaBq
- 13. 13 4. Food safety considerations (Codex Alimentarius) Foto:LianneMilton Foto:MarianoBonora
- 14. 14 5. Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture WTO TRIPS Patents prevent innovation (Benkler, 2006) Fashion world, top cuisine & software are rather innovative without patenting systems (Raustiala & Sprigman 2012) ITPGRFA made seeds a global common good Foto:Edd.ie
- 15. 15 Right to Food Right to Science Right to Culture Cuisine recipes Traditional Agricultural Knowledge (techniques + tools) Agro-biodiversity (seeds & breeds) FOOD COMMONS (non-patented): knowledge + physical assets (seeds + dishes + cooking/cropping tools)
- 16. 16 Science for the Right to Food a. Open agricultural innovations b. Public Agricultural Research c. Nutritional information on Junk Food d. Open acces to scientific research AGORA-OARE e. Distributing science: Extension Services Foto:Bioverity International
- 17. 17 But what about patents? They reflect the ancient tension between knowledge enclosure and open-access knowledge The Right to Science & Culture are the rights to benefit from human knowledge
- 18. 18 Who has more capacity to innovate: thousands of researcher or hundreds of millions of farmers? IITA Creative Commons in Flickr A patent system PROMOTES or DETERS human creativity and innovation for the common good?
- 19. 19 I am eager to exchange on hunger eradication & the right to food and I welcome any comment to this presentation. @joselviveropol joseluisviveropol http://hambreyderechoshumanos.blogspot.com http://hungerpolitics.wordpress.com Jose Luis Vivero Pol joseluisvivero@gmail.com
- 20. 20 REFERENCES De Schutter (2011). Human Rights Quarterly 33 Vivero (2013). SSRN Repository Helfer (2004). Neth Q. Hum. Rights. 167 Benkler (2006). The wealth of networks. Raustiala & Sprigman (2012). The knock off economy