The KM-GBF monitoring framework –status & key messages. Joachim Töpper and Han de Koeijer.

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The KM-GBF monitoring framework –
status & key messages
Online training session on SBSTTA26 topics / April 2nd 2024
Joachim Töpper
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Han de Koeijer
RBINS, CHM focal point for Belgium

History of Agenda item since SBSTTA 25
SBSTTA 25 document requests the AHTEG to:
● Continue work, in particular advice to fill critical caps
● Engage with biodiversity related Conventions and organisations
● Binary indicators: provide advice on binary indicators wording
● Revised metadata for each indicators, in particular those that don’t yet have methodology
● Glossary of key terms for binary questions
● Take into account work from WG 8j on 4 TK indicators

Work SBSTTA 25 towards SBSTTA 26
● Working group 8J meeting that looked at 4 TK indicators : Recommendation WG8J-12/4
● BERN III meeting that discussed implementation of the KM-GBF between MEAs and organisations
● Online meeting of AHTEG
● IAG-technical and scientific cooperation looked at indicators for Goal D and Target 20 and 21 and
the Long-term Strategic framework for capacity building and development.
● Financial reporting group meeting end of February, Istanbul, Turkiye, to discuss also indicators
● EU expert group 22 February
● AHTEG in-person meeting in March, Cambridge, UK

Documents for SBSTTA 26
Deliverables by AHTEG on 1st of April (James Williams)
For Negotiation
● Advice – incl
● Draft Decision
● INF14
○ Metadata (headlines & binary)
○ Aggregation methodology for binary indicators
○ Approach to Section C
○ Glossary
● INF19 to follow (mid-April)
○ Capacity Building
○ Gap Analysis
○ Global Biodiversity Observation Systems
● Other INF documents
○ Reports of studies (TK, Finance, ABS …)
o Appendix I: list of all indicators
o Appendix II: status of headline indicators
o Appendix III: gaps
o Supplement I: Binary wording suggestions
1st week of April
SBSTTA26/2
INF14
Notification for Parties to collate views

Together for Nature jncc.gov.uk
AHTEG Outputs (1)
CBD/SBSTTA/26/2 which has three Annexes and one Appendix:
Annex I: List of headline, binary, component and complementary indicators*
Annex II: Summary of the status of each headline indicator
Annex III: Summary of research and knowledge gaps
Appendix I: Advice on the wording of the binary questions
CBD/SBSTTA/25/2, which became CBD/SBSTTA/25/REC/1
and its Annexed list of binary indicator questions
* This list includes a revised list of component and complementary indicators as well as proposed wording changes
to the headline indicators (wording changes are proposed for technical reasons on the basis of the methodological
work as described in the metadata). It also includes recommended disaggregations of the headline indicators.

AHTEG Outputs (2)
CBD/SBSTTA/26/INF/14
Section 1: Metadata for each headline and binary indicator
Section 2: Taking section C of the Framework into account
when implementing the monitoring framework, including
guidance on monitoring people and biodiversity and
ecosystem approaches
Section 3: Overarching guidance on using the monitoring
framework
CBD/SBSTTA/26/INF/19
Section 4: Gaps and opportunities to improve the
implementation and future development of the monitoring
framework (to be provided mid-April)

Status of Headline Indicators
Status
code
Indicators Status explanation
1 1.1*, 9.1*
Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be
established to develop these
2 C1*, C2*, D3*, 15.1*, 21.1
Methods not yet developed, but a process is underway,
led by one or more organisations, to develop them
3# B1*, 7.2*, 9.2*, 18.2
Methods developed (or partially developed) and
tested/piloted, but data not yet widely available (and/or
collection not yet underway).
4# A1, A2, A4, D2, 2.1*, 6.1, 7.1, 18.1
Methods established, data being compiled, and indicator
operational in at least some countries, but further
investment in methods ongoing and/or further (data
collection required).
5# A3, D1, 3.1, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1
Methods established, data being compiled and
accessible, and indicator operational for most/all
countries.
#Indicator / Methodology maintained by one or more organizations

Related agenda items at SBI-4
● Review of implementation: progress in national target setting and the updating of national
biodiversity strategies and action plans
● Mechanism for planning, monitoring, reporting and review:
○ Preparations for an open-ended forum for voluntary country review
○ Monitoring framework and procedures for the global review of progress in the implementation of the Kunming-
Montreal Global Biodiversity-Framework
○ Finalization of the reporting templates (with indicators)
● Technical and scientific cooperation (TSC):
○ selection of regional and/or sub-regional tsc centers
○ Capacity building and development long term strategic Framework (indicators for review)
● Knowledge management : Knowledge management component of the KM-GBF
● NBSAP and indicators during side events?

Compilation of views from parties
● Meta data for each indicator
● Explanatory information on binary indicators questions
● Guidance methodologies for global indicators
● Glossary of key terms
● Vilm meeting (8-11 April) will need input from scientist/parties on these questions

Monitoring framework
current status
&
important issues

Source: Annex 1 in Report from AHTEG’s 3rd meeting
(Montreal, Canada, 3–6 October 2023)
https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/f22d/ab58/236acdd54779ab58b97aecf1/ind-ahteg-2023-03-02-en.pdf
4
5
4 4 4
5
14
5 4 3 2 1 ? binary
#
indicators
Indicator development status
?...to be first discussed by the Expert Group on Financial Reporting
which was established in notification 2023-067
Indicator status Oct. 2023:
(Headline indicators)
1. Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be
2. Methods not yet developed, but a process is underway to
develop them, led by one or more organisations, to develop
them
3. Methods developed (or partially developed) and
collection not yet underway). (Indicator/,Methodology
maintained by an organization(s))
4. Methods established, data being compiled, and indicator
operational in at least some countries, but further investment in
methods ongoing and/or further (data collection required).
5. Methods established, data being compiled and accessible,
and indicator operational for most/all countries.

7
8
4
5
2 0
14
5 4 3 2 1 ? binary
#
indicators
Indicator status
Source: Annex 2 in Report from the AHTEG’s 6th
meeting
(Cambridge, UK, March 2024)
Indicator status March 2024:
(Headline indicators)
1. Methods not yet developed, and a process needs to be
2. Methods not yet developed, but a process is underway to
develop them, led by one or more organisations, to develop
them
3. Methods developed (or partially developed) and
collection not yet underway). (Indicator/,Methodology
maintained by an organization(s))
4. Methods established, data being compiled, and indicator
operational in at least some countries, but further investment in
methods ongoing and/or further (data collection required).
5. Methods established, data being compiled and accessible,
and indicator operational for most/all countries.

Headline indicators
related to
Goal A (condition of nature)
and
Targets 1-8 (condition of nature &
nature management)
A.1 & 1.2 Red List of Ecosystems (4)
A.2 & 1.3 Extent of natural ecosystems (3, 4)
A.3 & 4.1 Red List index (5 SDG)
A.4 & 4.2 The proportion of populations within
species with a genetically effective population size >
500 (3-4)
1.1 Percent of land and seas covered by
biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans (1)
2.2 Area under restoration (2-3, 4)
3.1 Coverage of protected areas and OECMS (4-5)
5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically
sustainable levels (5 SDG)
6.1 Rate of invasive alien species establishment (3,
4)
7.1 Index of coastal eutrophication potential (4 SDG)
7.2 Pesticide environment concentration (1, 3)
Binary instead of headline indicator for
target 8 (reduce climate change impacts)
see www.post-2020indicators.org
Bold numbers indicate change since Oct. 2023

Headline indicators
related to
Goal B (sustainable use)
and
Goal C (fair sharing)
and
Targets 9-13 (sustainable use and fair
sharing)
B.1 & 11.1 Services provided by ecosystems (2,
3)
C.1 & 13.1 Indicator on monetary benefits
received (2)
C.2 & 13.2 Indicator on non-monetary benefits
(2)
9.1 Benefits from the sustainable use of wild
species (1)
9.2 Percentage of the population in traditional
employment (3)
10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under
productive and sustainable agriculture (4 SDG)
10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest
management (5 SDG)
12.1 Average share of the built-up area of cities
that is green/blue space for public use for all (4,
5 SDG)

Headline indicators
related to
Goal D (act)
and
Targets 14-23 (implementation)
D.1 & 19.1 International public funding, including official
development assistance (ODA) for conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems (?, 5)
D.2 & 19.2 Domestic public funding on conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems (?, 4)
D.3 & 19.3 Private funding (domestic and international) on
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and
ecosystems (?, 2)
15.1 Number of companies reporting on disclosures of risks,
dependencies and impacts on biodiversity (1, 2)
18.1 Positive incentives in place to promote biodiversity
conservation and sustainable use (?, 4)
18.2 Value of subsidies and other incentives harmful to
biodiversity, that have been eliminated, phased out or
reformed (?, 3)
21.1 Indicator on biodiversity information for monitoring the
global biodiversity framework (2)
Binary instead of headline indicators for targets 14, 16, 17,
20, 22, and 23

Let’s take a closer look at
some of the headline
indicators
Joachim taking a close look…

Red List of
Ecosystems (A.1 & 1.2, [4])
Red List of Ecosystems assessments for South
Africa, from the National Biodiversity
Assessment in 2018

Red List of
A) Ferrer-Paris et al. 2019
doi.org/10.1111/conl.12623
B & C) adapted from
Rowland et al. 2020,
doi.org/10.1111/conl.12680
The Red List Index of ecosystems (RLIe)
summarises risk or threat status across sets of ecosystem
types, based on the proportion of ecosystems in each Red
List risk category (Rowland et al. 2020).

Red List of
Global availability?
www.post-2020indicators.org/metadata/headline/A-1

Coverage of protected areas
and other effective area-
based conservation
measures (3.1, [4-5])
www.protectedplanet.net
• Coverage alone insufficient
• Effectiveness & representativity
important
 cover key biodiversity areas
 cover all ecosystem types

Coverage of protected areas and other
effective area-based conservation
measures (3.1, [4-5])
Norway
Arctic/alpine
ecosystems

Coverage of protected areas and other
effective area-based conservation
measures (3.1, [4-5])
Norway
Arctic/alpine
ecosystems
Representative?
Effective?

Coverage of protected areas
and other effective area-
based conservation
measures
So, what’s really crucial for this
indicator to be meaningful is:
● Representativity
○ Are the different types of
ecoystems in a country
covered well enough?
● Effectiveness
○ Are Key Biodiversity
Areas covered

Transferrable to all
indicators
● Ensure representativity
○ Across all nature
● Ensure effectiveness
○ Cover key biodiversity assets
● Ensure sensitivity
○ Indicator must be able to
measure Goal/Target progress

Binary indicators
Suggestion from AHTEG on binary indicators:
www.cbd.int/doc/c/fc2f/9f66/ffaa283c75eb50b24c
c80aa1/ind-ahteg-2023-02-03-en.pdf
Note:
New wording and one more suggestion for target
20 in
www.cbd.int/doc/c/f22d/ab58/236acdd54779ab58
b97aecf1/ind-ahteg-2023-03-02-en.pdf
Goal/target Global indicator derived from binary reporting
B Number of countries with national constitution or legislation recognizing and
implementing and monitoring a right to a healthy environment
1 Number of countries using terrestrial and marine spatial planning to identify areas
of high biodiversity importance in national development planning
6 Number of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately
resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species
8
Number of countries with nationally determined contributions, long-term
strategies, national adaptation plans and adaptation communications that reflect
biodiversity
9
Number of countries with legal instruments to regulate the use of and trade in
wild species, and respecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples
and local communities
12 Number of countries with urban sustainability plans referring to green and/or blue
spatial management
13 / C Number of countries that have operational legislative, administrative or policy
frameworks which relate to Target 13
14
Number of countries with national targets for integrating biodiversity values into
policies, regulations, planning, development processes, poverty reduction
strategies and accounts at all levels, ensuring that biodiversity values are
mainstreamed across all sectors and integrated into assessments of
environmental impacts
15 Number of countries taking legal, administrative or policy measures to ensure
that Target 15 is achieved
16
Number of countries developing, adopting or implementing policy instruments
aimed at supporting the shift to sustainable consumption and production
(Sustainable Development Goal indicator 12.1.1)
17 Number of countries with capacity and measures in place related to Target 17
22
Number of countries recognizing the legal rights of indigenous peoples and local
communities, environmental human rights defenders, women, youth and persons
with disabilities with respect to their traditional territories, cultures and practices
23 Number of countries where the legal framework (including customary law)
guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

Binary indicators
Note:
20 in
8
biodiversity
9
spatial management
14
16
22
Has your country developed, adopted or
implemented policy instruments aimed at supporting
the shift to sustainable consumption and production?

Binary indicators
Note:
20 in
8
biodiversity
9
spatial management
14
16
22
Has your country developed, adopted or
implemented policy instruments aimed at supporting
the shift to sustainable consumption and production?
Who would even be able to
answer ‘no’ to this one?
Is this a sensitive indicator?
Does it actually measure
progress for target 16?

Monitoring framework /
indicator topics at
SBSTTA26 & COP16?
● Missing/underdeveloped indicators
● Binary indicators
● Simplicity vs. usefulness
 Representativity
 Effectiveness
 Sensitivity
● Global capacity for implementation
● Resources for global implementation

Thank you for your attention!
Han de Koeijer
joachim.topper@nina.no
www.coop4cbd.eu Follow COOP4CBD
Joachim Töpper
hdekoeijer@naturalsciences.be

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