The document discusses the perils and rewards of working on projects that matter. It outlines four perils of taking on meaningful work: 1) dealing with the inherent difficulties of any project plus the challenges of the specific goal, 2) competing with or collaborating with established incumbents, 3) dealing with naysayers, and 4) interacting with investors. It also describes four potential rewards: 1) having a tangible positive impact, 2) an easier time recruiting others, 3) naturally gaining publicity, and 4) freely obtaining support. The document cautions that there is a major caveat to be aware of when taking on meaningful work.