The power to change Peter Birkner
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The document discusses Peter Birkner's background and career in electrical power engineering, including his positions within RWE Group and current role as Chief Technical Officer and Member of the Board at Mainova AG. It also outlines his involvement in industry organizations and roles teaching electrical power engineering at universities. The curriculum vitae provides context for Birkner's expertise on transforming the energy sector.
The power to change Peter Birkner
- 1. Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner, Executive Member of the Board, Mainova AG Frankfurt am Main, Germany, October 23, 2012 The Power to Change – The Contribution of Municipal Companies Transforming the Energy Sector – Looking beyond National Borders
- 2. Curriculum Vitae Peter Birkner Study of electrical power engineering and doctoral thesis at Technische Universität München (Dipl.-Ing., Dr.-Ing.) Positions within RWE Group Lechwerke AG, Augsburg, GER (11/1987 – 12/2004; Vice President, Business Unit Grid) Wendelsteinbahn GmbH, Brannenburg, GER (1/2004 – 12/2008; Managing Director) Vychodoslovenska energetika a.s., Kosice, SK (1/2005 – 8/2008; Member of the Board) RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH, Siegen, GER (9/2008 – 6/2011; Managing Director) Mainova AG, Frankfurt, GER (7/2011 to today; Chief Technical Officer and Member of the Board) Chairman Networks Committee, Eurelectric, Brussels (6/2008 to today) Visiting Professor (Electrical Power Engineering) Technicka Universita v Kosiciach, (6/2005 to today) Lecturer (Electrical Power Engineering) at Universität Bonn (1/2009 to today) and Universität Wuppertal (6/2010 to today) Numerous publications and lectures on power engineering and economics
- 3. Mainova AG, a German player– Generation, sales and grid Generation area Sales area house- Grid area hold customers Sales area big customers Sales volumes: Complete supply, partly heat • Electricity : 8,609 Mio. kWh Complete supply except electricity, partly heat • Gas: 14,077 Mio. kWh Service area natural gas Service area of Mainova affiliated companies • Heat: 1,973 Mio. kWh • Water: 42,318 Tsd. m3 Service area of local and regional gas companies supplied by Mainova
- 4. Agenda: The power to change – The contribution of municipal companies 1 Physical consequences of the German „Energiewende“ 2 Providing electricity at the right time – smart market 3 Providing electricty at the right place – smart grid 4 Interaction of smart grids and smart markets 5 Technical strategy of Mainova 6 New technologies and new challenges 4
- 5. 1 The German „Energiewende“ is ambitious and is based on renewables, tough savings and imports *) GER EU ? ? Limited import and export capacities All European countries are increasing the installed capacity of renewables Renewable energy sources show a synchonous generation pattern Are the electricity savings realistic? *) Assuming substantial efficiency increase and energy savings but also signigicant We have to do some homework! electricity imports! 5
- 6. 1 A rate of 35 % of renewable Energy means to double the installed generation capacity Percentage of power generation Pumped hydro storage Maximum consumption Import / Export (conventional) Power Available power plants 5% 18 % 35 % 80 % 122 % 100 % 50 % + Note: The national energy concept assumes 2000 2010 2020 2050 substantial efficiency increase and energy savings but also 0% signigicant electricity Installed capacity of renewables imports!
- 7. 1 Increasing the installed capacity of renewables without reversible storage results in a saturation Demand of Installed Generation power / energy renewable Power consumption (100%) power Renewable generation curves (today and tomorrow) Conventional energies Absorption 35% Renewable Storage + energies Conventional load curve Installed capacity In the case that there are more than 35 % of renewables within the total Storage - energy mix, the installed capacity has Supplement to be higher than the sum of maxi- mum consumption, storage and export Time Energy absorption Energy storage Additional loads (electrolysis, thermal storage, export) Reversible storage, shifting loads and generation (P2G, batteries, pumped hydro storage) Energy supplement Import / export 7 Additional generation (gas turbine, import)
- 8. 1 The presented scenario is modified through supporting and hindering factors Supporting factors (less renewable capacity, less storage capacity) Import and export of energy Creating an European overlay grid (DC) Coordination of demand and generation on a national level (reduction of synchronism) Available power Available power Synchronism Diversity (T↓) (T↑) Total Total Region Region Region Region 1 2 1 2 Time Time Hindering factors (more renewable capacity, more storage capacity) Grid congestions on a national level Congestions on cross border lines Installation of renewable energy sources in neighboring countries
- 9. 1 From a technology point of view the German „Energiewende“ will be implemented in three steps by 2020 by 2030 by 2050 Penetration of renewable energy 35 % - Connection to the network 45 % - Extension and increase of flexibilty Energy supply of the network and supplement 80 % - Optimization and increase of flexibility of thermal power plants - Load shifts (DSM) - Increase of conventional electricity storage Energy - New efficient applications for electrical absorption energy (e.g. heat pumps, electric vehicles) - Reversible storage of electricity - New types of power sources (OPV) New reversible - Alternative use of CO2 (alga) storages - Dynamic stability of the system Mainova has the know-how and the ability to make „Energiewende“ a reality
- 10. 2 Existing devices can be used in order to increase the flexibility of the system Technologies for increasing 1 2 flexibility in the electrical system CCGT power plants 1 (Irsching, block 4, η = 60%) Flexible CHPs 2 (Frankfurt, thermal connection of steam and gas turbines as well 3 as boilers decouples electicity generation from heat production) 4 Virtual power plants 3 (Frankfurt) Controlled electrolytic processes 4 (Frankfurt, 70 MW, production 5 of Cl2) Controlled cold-storage depots 5 (Frankfurt) (Concept) (Concept)
- 11. 2 Chemical and thermal energies are indispensable in order to create enough storage capacities Density of H 2O Elec- Elec- tricity tricity Compressor (Frankfurt) Mechanical energy (1 m³ water, 4 000 m high) Heat Thermal energy O2 (1 m³ water, 10 K warmer) Electrolytic Chemical energy reactor Sto- Sto- (1 m³ gas, 0.8 kg) (Frankfurt) H2 rage+ rage- Batteries (100 kg Li-Ion batteries) Hydrogen should be able to fix –to–gas–grid“ „Power–to–gas (H2) –to–gas–tank“ „Power–to–gas (H2) –to–others (industry)“ „Power–to–gas (H2) the storage challenge. Extended production of CH4 (energy con- (Concept) tent three times higer) might be Electrical cooling device not necessary (compression) with storage * All numbers mentioned are corresponding with „Power–to–thermal–storage / an energy volume of about 40 MJ (ca. 11 kWh) –to–thermal–grid“
- 12. 3 The coupling of energies is the technical key competence of „Energiewende“ RES Electrical power - Organic - Elektrolytic Rancine reactor H2 cycle - Sabatier reactor CH4 - „Invertierted“ Heat power plant - Electrical heating - Heat pump RES G2P G2P G2H G2P H2P P2H P2G Natural gas G2H G2H CHP CHP CCGT Gas steam turbine gas turbine boiler
- 13. 2 The urban power plant becomes the energy hub of the future Thermal storage with Electrical grid electrical heating Heat District exchanger heating H2 storage Temperature control H 2O ~ Elektrolyse zur H2 Erzeugung Gas grid Control unit Closed gas turbine cycle 13
- 14. 2 A mix from different storage concepts will be used in the future Storage concepts and their application Middle till long time periods Short time period (days, weeks, months) (minutes, hours) x 100 MW, high voltage x 1 MW, middle and low voltage Import and export Import and export Pumped hydro storage Domestic thermal inertia Air pressure storage Domestic demand (DSM, DR) Power to gas (electrolysis, Batteries (immobile, mobile) sabatier) Thermal storages Compensation of days without Compensation of cloud fields or night- wind or cloudy days time All storage concepts can contribute to stabilize the grid! 14
- 15. 2 The current „energy-only-market“ neither awards flexible power plants nor storages Flexible CCGT power plants are under price and volume pressure Former price Bisheriger Preisverlauf Former volume Bisheriger Mengenverlauf ? Similar prices for peak and base put storages under pressure ?
- 16. 2 Today the data hub model is used in most of the European countries Data Hub Model – Used in most of the European Countries Wholesaler Data transfer Request for and data Retailer communication management TSO Hub (Data service provider) DSO Smart meter Meter One combined role as an option: operator DSO as a data hub and market facilitator (Eurelectric) In Germany there is a seperate role called Meter operator / Data service provider (MSB / MDL) 16
- 17. 2 In Germany a new gateway model is being designed at moment Gateway Model – The future German (BSI) model Offer of data Wholesaler Data transfer Retailer Communication management TSO Remark: the DSO „data service provider“ (MDL) Smart Gate- role most meter way probabely will Meter Gate- disappear operator way Gateway administrator operator One combined role as an option 17
- 18. 3 Electrical grids play a central role in the future and therefore they have to be developed into „Smart Grids“ Generation Central Dispersed Solar park Solar cells Wind park μ-CHP CCGT Biomass CHP … … Remote Close to Load Grid Load Central Dispersed Cities Houses Airports, skyscrapers Farms Cold-storage depots … …
- 19. 3 Renewable Energies have to be integrated into the grid Solar Power generation Wind 380 kV 110 kV 20 kV 0,4 kV 220 kV 10 kV Grid integration Voltage Overload / congestions Challenges Conventional DSM *** DSM *** DSM *** generation * Conventional Batteries Batteries Storage options Pumped generation * Power 2 Gas EV hydro power Power 2 Gas (H2, CH4) Compressed (H2, CH4) Biogas air Compressed based air generation ** * Generation using gas produced by power to gas devices ** Biogas is stored in a tank and used when wind No support for and sun are not available distribution grid *** DSM is using thermal inertia as a storage
- 20. 2 Transmission grids have to integrate new powerful and remotely positioned renewable energy sources Challenges can be solved with conventional / available technologies ++ ++ 2012 – 2022
- 21. 3 Distribution Grids have to be adjusted substantially and in a smart way to their new tasks Load monitoring and load control allow the maximum use of assets Feed-in Voltage Today‘s Low load + 110 % UN high feed-in grid feed-in capacity Voltage Low loard + Load basic feed-in 100 % UN Time Partial load + no feed-in Today‘s 90 % UN grid take-off High load + capacity no feed-in Voltage Load Length Take-off To control means to take grid-related measures (load flow, reactive power) or to influence loads, generation or decentralized storage (active power)
- 22. 3 Integration of renewables is supported by „Smart Grids“ – The pilot project iNES 22
- 23. 3 Prinziples of grid automation within the project iNES – Grid interventions first – Customer impacts last Active element Operating principle (customer) + - The active grid elements (1) are 2 adressed first and the active ele- ments on the customer side (2) last iNES Sensor Sensor Active Sensor element 1 - voltage control transformer 2 - reactive power control grid (grid) 3 - active power control customer side 1 Active element (grid) The sensor is independent of any Smart Meter system Quality and network extension The intervention frequency of the active element on the customer side is registered. This parameter can be used as an indicator for the necessary grid reinforcement or extension The more interventions on the customer side the DSO is allowed to execute within one year, the smaller and later the network reinforcement or externsion will be. However, a higher amount of renewable energy will be “deleted“ through these interventions 23
- 24. 3 iNES – The „Smart Grid“ project of Mainova – Field tests in Frankfurt Implementation Two characteristic test sites in the Frankfurt area with a high density of PV have been choosen: Rural radial LV-grid Bergen- Enkheim Relocated farms with large PV systems, 1 MV/LV transformer station Urban interconnected LV-grid Bornheim Properties from the ABG between Dortelweiler Straße and Preun- gesheimer Straße with large PV systems, 3 MV/LV transformer stations The smart grid project is carried out in two characteristic areas. As a consequence the results are meaningful
- 25. 3 The investment climat for European DSOs leaves space for improvement “The financial situation of European DSOs” – A Study of Eurelectric In many European countries the regulatory return on invest (ROI) does not meet the expectations of the capital market Value creation and value destruction of The switch from efficiency European DSOs regulation to incentivising smart grids is necessary 1 – DSOs who are not investing are creating values 3 – DSOs who are in- vesting are destroying values Increasing number of companies
- 26. 4 Smart markets and smart grids – Basic functionalities and interaction Smart market: Influencing the customer by price signals Power balance Smart grid: Influencing the customer by phsical signals Maximum use of network Supplier Market Price Price Monitoring Intervention Grid 1 DSO of DSO Reaction Intervention Maximum Impact 2 Load Customer Time Intervention of DSO means: priority over market, however, minimum impact on customer 26
- 27. 5 Investment program and R&D of Mainova AG are reflecting the principles discussed Optimization and increase of flexibility of Business the Frankfurt CHP system Establishment of wind generation within a radius of 100 km around Frankfurt Using opportunities with respect to hydro power plants (including pumped hydro storages) Analysis and observation of solar energy (silicon and organic PV) Analysis of storage technologies R&D Power plants close to consumers reduce the necessary grid extension Regional energy clusters make sense. However, energy autarky should be avoided Solar energy has the potential to become an important urban energy source
- 28. 5 Rural and urban areas complete themselves by constructing the „smart system“ of the future Rural area (smart country): Dominance of electric energy Renewable power generation (wind, solar, biomass) Solar Wind Village Urban area (smart city): Media power, heat, gas (multi utility) Frankfurt Coupling of the media for energy storage and power buffering Energy generation on the basis of CHP Coupling of the media (smart system): Heat storage Central or decentralized Fernwärme CHP Gas storage Small CHP Solar District heating
- 29. 6 Summary and conclusions – Organic solar cells have a huge potential for urban use Installation of organic solar cells at the premises of Mainova AG, Frankfurt Mainova is Europe's first energy company with an organic photovoltaic system connected to the public grid The 70 centimeters wide and two meters long plastic solar cells have been installed within one day Opposite to conventional solar cells, organic photovoltaic systems do not use any silicon, but they are based on an organic semiconductor consisting of hydrocarbon compounds (polymers) Organic photovoltaic systems are able to produce power, even in partial shade and in diffuse radiation 29
- 30. 6 Summary and conclusions – Batteries are opening new options for stabilisation Energy autonomous households Volatility reduction of loadflow Privat consumption (GER): 4 000 kWh/a, 11 kWh/day Photovoltaic system: 4 000 kWh/a, (0,1 kW/m², 40 m²) Battery storage system: 11 kWh/day Battery capacity: 100 Wh/piece Number of laptop batteries: 110 pieces (possibly used cells from the automotive industry) x 110 30
- 31. 6 Summary and conclusions – The environment is changing Important changes with impact on energy business Migration within Germany (from East to West; urbanization) Changes in the population structure (demographic change) Automation of private houses Use of new powerful technologies like e-mobility or heat pumps Expansion of data centers and internet nods Increasing use of information and communication technology Electricity tariffs and future develop- ment of energy intensive industries Source :Handelsblatt 31
- 32. 6 Summary and conclusions – The technical challenges of the Energiewende Fundamental task: Integration of efficient Regional and temporal and volatile compensation of the generation and differences between consumption parts generation and consumption with an Work on problem adequate capacity solutions ~ Dynamic balance Virtually stationary between load and compensation of load generation and generation fluctuations fluctuations RES Problem identification begins Problem recognized Appropriate Market Design Needed
- 33. Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner, Executive Member of the Board, Mainova AG Frankfurt am Main, October 23, 2012 Analyses – Conclusion – Action Thank you for your attention!