10. Smallness of cells - A greater
efficiency
• Different regions can connect each other faster.
• Larger surface area per volume ratio for greater diffusion
of substances.
13. Cell wall and Cell membrane
Cell wall
• Present in plant cells only.
• Gives shape and rigidity to the cell.
• Freely permeable.
• Made up of cellulose.
Cell membrane
• Present in both plant and animal cells.
• 1. Forms the outer boundary giving it
shape
2. It protects the inner contents of the
cell from the external environment.
3. Allows selective movement of
solutes and ions.
• Has fine pores and is hence, Semi-
permeable.
• Made up of Lipoproteins
(Phospholipids and proteins).
14. Cytoplasm and Protoplasm
Cytoplasm
• Cell content enclosed
within cell membrane
• Contains all cell organelles
floating in it excluding
nucleus
• Made up of cytosol
• Denser in animal cells than
plant cells
Protoplasm
• Cell content made up of
cytosol, organelles and
nucleus
• CYTOPLASM +
NUCLEUS
15. Rubric for Group Presentation:
1. Timely submission of presentation – 2marks
2. Presentation(Powerpoint, poster, sway etc) – 2marks
3. Delivery of the content – 2marks
4. Interaction with the class – 2marks
5. Questions asked to the group (4 questions) – 2 marks
Total: 10
16. Double membrane structure
separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm
Chromatin Fibers
Composed of DNA. It thickens
during cell division to form
chromosomes. It carries the genetic
information.
Synthesizes ribosomal RNA and
is involved in protein synthesis
Nucleus regulates cell function. Critical to
keep the cell alive.
17. Centrosome
• Present only in animal cells, non-
membranous
• Located in the cytoplasm near the
nucleus.
• Initiates cell division in animal
cells.
20. Endoplasmic reticulum
and Golgi body
• Single membrane. Link
for plasma membrane and
nuclear membrane. Forms
a supportive framework.
• Transportation of proteins
and fat.
Golgi body
• Flattened single
membranous sacs.
Consists of tubules,
vesicles and vacuoles.
• Synthesis of enzymes and
hormones.
Endoplasmic reticulum
22. There are two types of ribosomes i.e. 80s and 70s
80s Ribosomes
found in
Eukaryotes
70s Ribosomes
found in
Prokaryotes
Consists of two
subunits – 60s and 40s
Consists of two
subunits – 50s and 30s
23. Lysosome
• Membranous sacs
budded off from
Golgi bodies.
• Contains 40
different types of
enzymes.
• Intracellular
digestion.
• “Suicide bags”
24. Mitochondria
• Double membrane.
• Inner membrane thrown into
folds (cristae).
• Have their own DNA and
ribosomes.
• Power house of cell – produces
energy.
25. Plastids (chloroplast)
• Present in plant cells only.
• Commonest is chloroplast.
• Chloroplast is a double membrane
structure, contains chlorophyll.
• Chromoplast - Impart colours to
different parts of plants eg. flowers and
leaves. Contains xanthophyll and
carotene
• Leucoplast-Stores starch, fats and
proteins
• anthocyanin
26. Vacuoles and Granules
Vacuoles
• Plant cell have larger
vacuole than animal cells.
• Membrane covering the
vacuole is called
Tonoplast.
Granules
• Small particles, granules
or droplets.
• Serve as food of the cells.
• There are starch, fat and
glycogen containing
granules.
27. Plant cell and animal
cells
Plant cell
• Cell wall present
• Centrosome not present
• Vacuoles large.
• Usually contain plastids.
Animal cell
• No cell wall.
• Centrosome is present.
• Vacuoles, if any, are
small and temporary.
• Do not contain plastids.
28. Prokaryotic cell
• No well defined nucleus -
Nucleoid.
• Has 70s Ribosomes – 40%
protein and 60% RNA
• Ribosome is made up of
two subunits 50s and 30s
Eukaryotic cell
• Has a well defined nucleus
• Has 80s ribosomes- 40%
RNA and 60% protein
• Ribosome is made up of two
subunits 60s and 40s
30. Parameter Plant cell Animal cell
Cell shape
Definite shape due to rigid cell
wall
Lacks definite shape due to
absence of cell wall; shape
related to function of cell
Cell wall Present as the outermost
membrane of plant cells
absent in animal cells which
contain cell membrane as the
outermost membrane
Centrosome Absent in plant cells
Centrosomes with centrioles
present
Vacuole single large vacuole present
May or may not contain vacuole.
If present , they are small and
numerous
Plastids
present in plant cells Absent in animal cells since they
are heterotrophic
