The Ring programming language version 1.8 book - Part 65 of 202

Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
// Left Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glEnd()
xrot += 0.3
yrot += 0.2
zrot += 0.4
class GraphicsAppBase
display event_queue ev timeout
timer redraw = true
FPS = 60
SCREEN_W = 800
SCREEN_H = 600
KEY_UP = 1
KEY_DOWN = 2
KEY_LEFT = 3
KEY_RIGHT = 4
Key = [false,false,false,false]
TITLE = "Graphics Application"
func start
SetUp()
loadResources()
eventsLoop()
destroy()
func setup
al_init()
al_init_image_addon()
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
al_register_event_source(event_queue,
al_get_display_event_source(display))
ev = al_new_allegro_event()
timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
al_start_timer(timer)
al_install_mouse()
59.1. 3D Cube and Texture 611

al_get_mouse_event_source())
al_install_keyboard()
al_get_keyboard_event_source())
func eventsLoop
while true
al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
redraw = true
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
off
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = false
key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
exit
off
off
if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
redraw = false
drawScene()
al_flip_display()
ok
callgc()
end
func destroy
destroyResources()
59.1. 3D Cube and Texture 612

al_destroy_timer(timer)
al_destroy_allegro_event(ev)
al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout)
al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue)
al_destroy_display(display)
al_exit()
func loadresources
func drawScene
func destroyResources
Screen Shot:
59.2 Many Cubes
Source Code:
# Load Libraries
load "gamelib.ring" # RingAllegro Library
load "opengl21lib.ring" # RingOpenGL Library
#==============================================================
# To Support MacOS X
al_run_main()
func al_game_start # Called by al_run_main()
main() # Now we call our main function
#==============================================================
func main
59.2. Many Cubes 613

new GraphicsApp {
start()
}
class GraphicsApp from GraphicsAppBase
TITLE = "Many Cubes"
bitmap bitmap2 bitmap3
texture texture2 texture3
fps = 120
xrot = 0.0
yrot = 0.0
zrot = 0.0
nPerspective = 100
func loadresources
bitmap = al_load_bitmap("sky1.jpg")
texture = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap)
bitmap2 = al_load_bitmap("sky2.jpg")
texture2 = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap2)
bitmap3 = al_load_bitmap("sky3.jpg")
texture3 = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap3)
al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)
al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap2)
al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap3)
func drawScene
prepare()
cubes()
rotate()
func Prepare
w = 800 h = 600
ratio = w / h
glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(-nPerspective,ratio,1,nPerspective)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
glClearDepth(1.0)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)

glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
func Cubes
cube(5,-3.4,-5,:sky1)
cube(0,-3,-5,:sky1)
cube(-5,-3,-5,:sky1)
cube(5,0.5,-5,:sky2)
cube(0,0.5,-5,:sky2)
cube(-5,0.5,-5,:sky2)
cube(5,4,-5,:sky3)
cube(0,4,-5,:sky3)
cube(-5,4,-5,:sky3)
func Rotate
xrot += 0.3 * 5
yrot += 0.2 * 5
zrot += 0.4 * 5
nPerspective += 0.5
func cube(x,y,z,nTexture)
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(x,y,z)
glRotatef(xrot,1.0,0.0,0.0)
glRotatef(yrot,0.0,1.0,0.0)
glRotatef(zrot,0.0,0.0,1.0)
drawcube(nTexture)
func drawcube(cTexture)
switch cTexture
on :sky1
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)
on :sky2
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2)
on :sky3
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture3)
off
glBegin(GL_QUADS)
// Front Face
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, 1.0)
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
// Back Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, 1.0, -1.0)
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
// Top Face
// Bottom Face

// Right face
// Left Face
glEnd()
class GraphicsAppBase
display event_queue ev timeout
timer redraw = true
FPS = 60
SCREEN_W = 800
SCREEN_H = 600
KEY_UP = 1
KEY_DOWN = 2
KEY_LEFT = 3
KEY_RIGHT = 4
Key = [false,false,false,false]
TITLE = "Graphics Application"
func start
SetUp()
loadResources()
eventsLoop()
destroy()
func setup
al_init()
al_init_image_addon()
al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
al_get_display_event_source(display))
ev = al_new_allegro_event()
timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()

al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
al_start_timer(timer)
al_install_mouse()
al_get_mouse_event_source())
al_install_keyboard()
al_get_keyboard_event_source())
func eventsLoop
while true
al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
redraw = true
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
exit
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = true
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = true
key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
off
on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
key[KEY_UP] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
key[KEY_DOWN] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
key[KEY_LEFT] = false
key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
exit
off
off
if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
redraw = false
drawScene()
al_flip_display()

ok
callgc()
end
func destroy
destroyResources()
al_destroy_timer(timer)
al_destroy_allegro_event(ev)
al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout)
al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue)
al_destroy_display(display)
al_exit()
func loadresources
func drawScene
Screen Shot:

59.3 TicTacToe 3D Game
Source Code:
# Load Libraries
load "gamelib.ring" # RingAllegro Library
load "opengl21lib.ring" # RingOpenGL Library
#==============================================================
# To Support MacOS X
al_run_main()
func al_game_start # Called by al_run_main()
main() # Now we call our main function
#==============================================================
func main
new TicTacToe3D {
start()
}
class TicTacToe3D from GameLogic
FPS = 60
TITLE = "TicTacToe 3D"
oBackground = new GameBackground
oGameSound = new GameSound
oGameCube = new GameCube
oGameOver = new GameOver
oGameInterface = new GameInterface
func loadresources
oGameOver.loadresources()
oGameSound.loadresources()
oBackGround.loadresources()
oGameCube.loadresources()
oGameOver.destroyResources()
oGameSound.destroyResources()
oBackGround.destroyResources()
oGameCube.destroyResources()
func drawScene
oBackground.update()
oGameInterface.update(self)
func MouseClickEvent
oGameInterface.MouseClickEvent(self)
class GameInterface
func Update oGame
prepare()
cubes(oGame)
func Prepare
w = 1024 h = 768
59.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 619

ratio = w / h
glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(-120,ratio,1,120)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
glClearDepth(1.0)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
func Cubes oGame
oGame.oGameCube {
aGameMap = oGame.aGameMap
cube( 5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][1] )
cube( 0 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][2] )
cube( -5 , -3 , -5 , aGameMap[1][3] )
cube( 5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][1] )
cube( 0 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][2] )
cube( -5 , 1 , -5 , aGameMap[2][3] )
cube( 5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][1] )
cube( 0 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][2] )
cube( -5 , 5 , -5 , aGameMap[3][3] )
rotate()
}
func MouseClickEvent oGame
oGame {
aBtn = Point2Button(Mouse_X,Mouse_Y)
nRow = aBtn[1]
nCol = aBtn[2]
if nRow != 0 and nCol != 0
if aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = :n
aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = cActivePlayer
ChangeActivePlayer()
CheckGameOver()
ok
ok
}
Class GameLogic from GraphicsAppBase
aGameMap = [
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ] ,
[ :n , :n , :n ]
]
aGameButtons = [ # x1,y1,x2,y2
[176,88,375,261], # [1,1]
[423,88,591,261], # [1,2]
[645,88,876,261], # [1,3]
[176,282,375,428], # [2,1]
59.3. TicTacToe 3D Game 620

The Ring programming language version 1.8 book - Part 65 of 202

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The Ring programming language version 1.8 book - Part 65 of 202