The Role of Structured
Data
in Modern SEO
yoa.st/zagrebseo25
(all lowercase)
@alexmoss1
@alexmoss
Hello!
I’m Alex Moss
●Principal SEO at Yoast
●Director at FireCask
●Been an SEO since 1999
A brief
timeline…
2000-2009
We just had simple
metadata
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
2009-2011
First rich snippets
(via microformats)
appear in SERPs
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
2012
Semantic
search
NATURAL
LANGUAGE
UNDERSTANDING
QUERY STEAM
CONTEXT
USER
CONTEXT
ENTITY
RECOGNITION
2012
Introduction of
Knowledge Graph
2015
2017-21
Validation with
Validators
2012-onwards
Support for 33 types
within the SERPs
Used within a lot of Google assets
Supported types/features over time
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
Answer engines
are dead
Enter LLMs
Multi-step Flow (Chat Search)
Traditional Flow (Browser Search)
What happens now
human behaviour
has shifted?
What if we’re
optimising for the
human experience
rather than for LLM
agents?
Take semantic search…
NATURAL LANGUAGE
UNDERSTANDING
QUERY STEAM
CONTEXT
USER
CONTEXT
ENTITY
RECOGNITION
…plus vector embeddings
Connecting entities and relationships with
multimodal search
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
LLMs & Agents
are a new audience
Personal LLM user agent
Personal LLM user agent
LLMs don’t crawl content,
they ingest it
Multi-Stage LLM processing and synthesis
Image: ipullrank.com
We have to still
feed those LLMs & Agents
Rendered Text Content
Metadata and Contextual Signals
title tags, meta descriptions, and schema
Semantic Structure
the meaning, sentiment and tone of content.
Content Hierarchy
headings, markup, structure, clarity.
Language Patterns (EEAT?)
expertise, clarity & comprehensiveness
Interpretation:
entities, relationships, and factual density
Vector embedding & representation
Full DOM crawling
Hidden SEO hacks & Black Hat
(e.g. cloaking, keyword stuffing)
Link equity/authority
in the traditional PageRank sense
Robots.txt restrictions
unless respected by the platform…
Doesn’t ingest
Does ingest
What does this mean for
structured data?
Jarno van Driel’s view…
"In the age of LLMs the role of markup
remains the same; It's still about enabling,
well-documented features in a cost-effective
way. Nothing more, and nothing less."
Data, entities and relationships will become even
more important
Google’s view on 21st May…
Make sure structured data matches the visible content
Structured data is useful for sharing information about your
content in a machine-readable way that our systems consider
and makes pages eligible for
certain search features and rich results.
Schema & JSON-LD
isn’t enough any more
This is about
wider standardisation
Let’s talk about
Schema adds structured meaning;
Markdown adds structured format
-
they work better together
What exactly is llms.txt?
● Guide/Overview of a site for LLMs
● Improves AI understanding & retrieval
● Complements structured data (not
replaces it)
● Can futureproof visibility beyond search
engines
● llms-full.txt extends directives and content
● Live example: yoast.com/llms.txt
# Title
> Optional description goes here
Optional details go here
## Section name
- [Link title](https://link_url):
Optional link details
## Optional
- [Link title](https://link_url)
schema.org llms.txt
Audience Search Engines LLMs / AI Assistants
Purpose Defines what content means Defines how content is structured
Strengths
Semantic depth, entities and
relationship rich results
Lightweight, human-readable, AI-
ingestible
Limits
Needs dev work,
can’t guide LLMs alone
Lacks semantic meaning,
can’t power rich results
But there’s scepticism…
Even JohnMu shot it down!
Server logs show nothing? Not for me
Easy to produce
Easy to upload
Isn’t time consuming or resource
intensive
Costs nothing
Doesn’t need [much] maintenance
Several early adopters
Offers competitive advantage
Supports standardisation
Still early days
Lack of mass adoption
Subjective opinion
Can be abused/manipulated
Some SEOs say it’s BS
LLMs won’t need it
Arguments
against
Arguments for
What is there
to lose?
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
Image: norahsakal.com
What is the MCP?
“MCP is an open protocol that standardizes
how applications provide context to LLMs.
Think of MCP like a USB-C port for AI
applications… provid[ing] a standardized way
to connect AI models to different data sources
and tools.”
Image: norahsakal.com
MCP architecture
Image: modelcontextprotocol.io
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
Natural Language Web Interface
utilising MCP
What is NLWeb?
"NLWeb leverages semi-structured formats like
Schema.org, RSS and other data that websites
already publish, combining them with LLM-powered
tools to create natural language interfaces usable
by both humans and AI agents."
Natural Language Web Interface
utilising MCP
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
NLWeb Interface
utilising MCP
The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]
Takeaway slide is next,
get your camera ready
Things to do when you’re back at work
● Audit your current schema: is it valid, useful, and up to date?
Don’t neglect it.
● Add and maintain an llms.txt file
● Optimise with entities, relationships and vector embeddings in
mind.
● Ensure content has clear contextual and semantic structure
● Explore MCP and how you could utilise it.
● Make some of this easier with Yoast SEO!
Thank you!
Alex Moss
Principal SEO, Yoast
Director, FireCask
yoa.st/zagrebseo25
(all lowercase)
@alexmoss1
@alexmoss

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The Role of Structured Data in Modern SEO [Zagreb SEO Summit 2025]

Editor's Notes

  • #1: Agenda https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tuWv4FjeEmuH5QC_RqAXXYK_I90HgW-WrtOqL2fvANM/edit?tab=t.0
  • #2: Get slides, links and 15% off Premium
  • #6: Marked the introduction of semantic search in SERPs https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2012/10/rich-snippets-guidelines https://searchengineland.com/google-search-now-supports-microformats-and-adds-rich-snippets-to-search-results-19055
  • #7: 2012
  • #8: Connecting entities and keywords to intent and context Provided standards and structure for how entities are interpreted by crawlers
  • #9: https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2012/10/rich-snippets-guidelines https://searchengineland.com/google-search-now-supports-microformats-and-adds-rich-snippets-to-search-results-19055
  • #10: https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2012/10/rich-snippets-guidelines https://searchengineland.com/google-search-now-supports-microformats-and-adds-rich-snippets-to-search-results-19055
  • #12: https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/search-gallery Brought order and interoperability to the web’s meaning layer
  • #13: Structured data seeps to a lot of Google assets - it’s everywhere. Now they’re getting into emails with contextual ads
  • #14: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1R_7Wq7PdgQ2LJckbAjQIifq8gd-rDgJG-rYxh506yVk/edit?gid=0#gid=0
  • #15: 2012-today
  • #16: Isn’t rolling back As long as the native SERP exists, SS remains relevant
  • #17: Chat Responses All similar, all text heavy
  • #18: Requies SEOs to consider how our content can contribute to these ongoing dialogues rather than just answering isolated queries
  • #20: Structured data supports discoverability in voice, video, documents, and beyond You’re not optimising for algorithms anymore - you’re optimising for understanding https://ipullrank.com/vector-embeddings-is-all-you-need
  • #21: Structured data supports discoverability in voice, video, documents, and beyond You’re not optimising for algorithms anymore - you’re optimising for understanding https://ipullrank.com/vector-embeddings-is-all-you-need
  • #22: https://blog.google/products/search/ai-mode-multimodal-search/ However, AI Overviews and zero-click features are reducing visibility
  • #23: 2000 https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/gallery/google-2000
  • #24: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tesseract-1K.gif
  • #25: Discoverability is the new success metric
  • #26: Human input is declining
  • #27: Using fan out query
  • #28: They read, summarise, and vectorise content.
  • #29: https://ipullrank.com/how-ai-mode-works
  • #30: Don’t assume they’ll interpret everything unassisted Brands (and individuals) may develop their own “LLM memory banks” Structured data may be how your content lives inside someone else’s LLM Connecting with the consumer via these agents Agents right now are lazy so any saving or efficiency boost will be favoured
  • #31: LLMs prioritize semantic clarity, structure, and formatting cues (headings, lists, bold text)
  • #34: https://invisiblegraph.com/semantic-stories/does-structured-data-markup-influence-eeat/ https://x.com/JarnoVanDriel/status/1857038935290970608/photo/1 SEOs must feed the models — don’t assume they’ll interpret everything unassisted
  • #35: Top ways to ensure your content performs well in Google's AI experiences on Search
  • #37: Don’t assume they’ll interpret everything unassisted Brands (and individuals) may develop their own “LLM memory banks” Structured data may be how your content lives inside someone else’s LLM
  • #38: Don’t assume they’ll interpret everything unassisted Brands (and individuals) may develop their own “LLM memory banks” Structured data may be how your content lives inside someone else’s LLM
  • #40: Some may say “you’re showing a thief around your house”. No. This is more like an estate agent info pack.
  • #42: https://x.com/levelsio/status/1905676526533652584
  • #43: https://x.com/jeremyphoward/status/1905762648626798624 Go back to viewing a house
  • #44: https://yoast.slack.com/archives/C07BMPEBJE7/p1746616337669359
  • #45: LLMs prioritize semantic clarity, structure, and formatting cues (headings, lists, bold text)
  • #46: Ignore it, fine. But what if you shouldn’t? It’s like buying a book without the synopsis in the back, knowing that’s where one would naturally look. That way you have it
  • #47: 2000 https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/gallery/google-2000
  • #49: Traditional methods, requiring individualized integrations and more manual oversight https://norahsakal.com/blog/mcp-vs-api-model-context-protocol-explained/
  • #51: Unified interface for AI agents to dynamically interact with external data/tools https://www.linkedin.com/posts/whitebeth_modelcontextprotocol-ai-aiagents-activity-7329132096680009728-iUTI/ https://norahsakal.com/blog/mcp-vs-api-model-context-protocol-explained/
  • #52: Unified interface for AI agents to dynamically interact with external data/tools https://modelcontextprotocol.io/introduction
  • #53: 2012 - same as Knowledge graph November 25, 2024 (12 year gap, this is 8 weeks) https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/gallery/google-2000
  • #54: Open project conceived and developed by R.V. Guha, creator of widely used web standards such as RSS, RDF and Schema.org
  • #56: Every NLWeb instance is also an 𝐌𝐂𝐏 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐫, which allows websites to make their content discoverable and accessible to agents via one core method, 𝘢𝘴𝘬, which is used to query a website with a question in natural language.
  • #57: 2012-today (13 years) This is just under 6 months May 19th 2025,
  • #58: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/zayarni_nlweb-rag-qdrant-activity-7330280592074264576-8-bd/
  • #59: The year ahead https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tesseract-1K.gif
  • #60: Ignore it, fine. But what if you shouldn’t? That way you have it
  • #61: You’re not optimising for algorithms — you’re optimising for understanding Optimise content for discoverability, adding LLM parsing into consideration
  • #62: Remember 15% off at link Follow me!