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Evolving role of an
EMBEDDED ETHICIST
In standardization of
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Anamika Chatterjee
PhD Candidate
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies
Norwegian university of Science and Technology
WHAT IS A COMMONS?
COMMONS
“a general term for shared resources in which each
stakeholder has an equal interest.”
HISTORY
ATMOSPHERE OCEANS
FISHERIES FORESTS
Digital Library of the Commons
TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
-Garett Hardin, 1968
A Pasture
A Pasture, some herdsmen and their cows
Explicitly or implicitly, more or less consciously, he asks, "What is
the utility to me of adding one more animal to my herd?"
As a rational being, each herdsman seeks to maximize his gain
A Pasture, some herdsmen and more cows
Each herdsman continues to add cows
The Pasture, the herdsmen and yet more cows
The Pasture, the herdsmen and yet more cows
Enclosures, Pollution and a loss of the Commons
Newer commons..
KNOWLEDGE
“When people collaborate to share and produce knowledge, they create a
knowledge commons “
International Association For The Study Of The Commons
-Garett Hardin, 1968
The Knowledge Commons
• What Kind Of Knowledge?
• Management?
• Who?
• How?
WHAT KIND OF KNOWLEDGE?
• “From the time when Henry Oldenburg published the first scientific journal in 1665
(Proceedings of the Royal Society), to the founding of the US National Library of
Medicine in 1879, to the present, there has been a sustained drive to improve how
researchers can record and discover what is known.”
• “Unfortunately, the ability of researchers to manage and disseminate their results has
not kept pace and so their work cannot achieve its maximal impact.”
- Biocuration: Distilling data into knowledge, International Society for Biocuration
“The content of these papers is functionally invisible for both man and
machine..”
Scicura.org
1.TEXT MINING
MANAGING THIS KNOWLEDGE?
1.TEXT MINING
2.CURATION
MANAGING THIS KNOWLEDGE?
1.TEXT MINING
2.CURATION
3.DATABASING
MANAGING THIS KNOWLEDGE?
1.TEXT MINING
2.CURATION
3.DATABASING
4.ONTOLOGIES
MANAGING THIS KNOWLEDGE?
1.TEXT MINING
2.CURATION
3.DATABASING
4.ONTOLOGIES
MANAGING THIS KNOWLEDGE?
“Managing a biological information resource relies on a range of intersecting
skills: bio-informaticians, application developers,
system administrators, bio-curators, journal editors, etc. are all involved in this
collective effort.”
-Biocuration: Distilling data into knowledge, International Society for Biocuration
WHO?
BIOLOGISTS
JOURNALS
TEXT MINERS
SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS
DATA MANAGERS
DRUG DEVELOPERS
BIO-INFORMATICIANS
SYSTEMS MODELLERS
BIO-CURATORS
ONTOLOGY DEVELOPERS
WHO?
BIOLOGISTS
JOURNALS
TEXT MINERS
SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS
DATA MANAGERS
DRUG DEVELOPERS
BIO-INFORMATICIANS
SYSTEMS MODELLERS
BIO-CURATORS
ONTOLOGY DEVELOPERS
GENE
REGULATION
And standardize these practices in the
domain of Gene Regulation
COMMONS
Decided to form a..
-Garett Hardin, 1968
The Gene Regulation Knowledge Commons
• WHICH PRACTICES?
The Evolving Role of an Embedded Ethicist in the Standardization of Knowledge Management Practices
2.CURATION
WHICH PRACTICES?
1.TEXT MINING
4.DATABASING
3.ONTOLOGIES
WHICH PRACTICES?
2.CURATION
1.TEXT MINING
• Background
• Role
•Ethics?
•‘Technical solution’ Problems
• Methods?
What am I doing?
ETHICS?
?
• Biotechnology
• Bioethics
BACKGROUND
ROLE: EMBEDDED ETHICIST
“In order to signalize that the researchers were doing their investigations
right in the relevant clinical context without performing – as “participant
observers” do – the same practices like those studied, we called their role
and position the embedded researcher”
Stella Reiter-Theil, Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 2004
What could be the
TRAGEDY
of the Gene Regulation
Knowledge Commons?
NO HUMAN DATA = NO ETHICAL ISSUES!
“Not really. Not in terms of data affecting patients. I guess that’s what you
mean now, because what we get is you know, academic research type of
data. So it’s already anonymized, it’s already.. we just capture whatever is in
the paper. So that issues.. all those issues have been dealt with. We don’t
have to deal with those. ” (BC05)
‘Technical solution’ problems
• Techno-moral change
• Responsible Research and Innovation
• FAIR Principles
• Interviews, Observations and documentation
Theory or Methodology?
TECHNO-MORAL CHANGE AND SOFT IMPACTS
–Tsjalling Swierstra
RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Anticipation, Reflexivity, Inclusion, Responsiveness
- Rene von Schomberg, Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil MacNaghten
FAIR PRINCIPLES
Findable, Accessible, Inter-operable, Re-usable
www.elixir-europe.org
TECHNO-MORAL CHANGE AND SOFT IMPACTS
–Tsjalling Swierstra
RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Anticipation, Reflexivity, Inclusion, Responsiveness
- Rene von Schomberg, Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil MacNaghten
FAIR PRINCIPLES
Findable, Accessible, Inter-operable, Re-usable
www.elixir-europe.org
“Yes that was.. umm in our specific use case, it’s not that relevant.
Because as I said we are just capturing the view of the author in the
publication. There’s nothing more we can.. I mean the ethics aspect of
it is that we are.. we try to be consistent on what we capture and we
don’t make judgements on the quality and stuff. But we have protected
ourselves from that kind of judgement by setting clearly that our
curation guidelines say we curate everything.” (BC02)
INTERVIEWS, OBSERVATIONS AND INTERACTIONS
Does ONE SIZE, FIT ALL?
1.TEXT MINING
2.CURATION
3.DATABASING
4.ONTOLOGIES
Does ONE SIZE, FIT ALL?
INTERVIEWS, OBSERVATIONS AND INTERACTIONS
A Biologist’s dilemma –
“Only people can deal with detailed nuances of multi-molecular interactions, rich experimental
contexts, heterogeneous facts, and often a need to infer what is actually meant.” -scicura.org
An Informatician’s dilemma –
“Free text spaces are a nightmare, all papers should be linked and written in computationally
accessible language” - (BC10)
RESPONSIBILITY?
PRODUCERS
Of knowledge?
CARETAKERS
Of knowledge?
USERS
Of knowledge?

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The Evolving Role of an Embedded Ethicist in the Standardization of Knowledge Management Practices