The 'Serverless' Paradigm, OpenWhisk and FIWARE
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The document provides an overview of the 'serverless' paradigm, highlighting its features and advantages, including the ability for developers to focus solely on business logic without managing servers. It discusses OpenWhisk, an open-source serverless platform developed by IBM, and its role in simplifying application development and hosting, particularly within the FIWARE ecosystem. Additionally, it addresses challenges related to serverless architecture and proposes the integration of OpenWhisk with FIWARE for enhanced functionality.
![Serverless in a Nutshell
‘Next-gen’ PaaS (developers just write the business logic)
for services decomposable into events/requests & handlers
scaled, metered [and charged] by individual handler invocation
* The motivation behind the ‘serverless’ term is that the application provider
doesn’t need to care about managing the underlying servers (introduced by
Amazon, who didn’t have fully managed PaaS offering before Lambda)
2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fiwareserverlessopenwhisk14-dec-2016-161214165732-161229180505/85/The-Serverless-Paradigm-OpenWhisk-and-FIWARE-3-320.jpg)
The 'Serverless' Paradigm, OpenWhisk and FIWARE
- 1. The ‘Serverless‘ Paradigm, OpenWhisk and FIWARE Alex Glikson Cloud Platforms, IBM Research Architect, FIWARE Cloud Hosting glikson@il.ibm.com FIWARE Summit, Malaga, Spain December 13-15, 2016 https://www.fiware.org/summit/
- 2. Outline 1. Overview of Serverless 2. OpenWhisk – open source ‘Serverless’ platform 3. Challenges of Serverless 4. Serverless and FIWARE 1
- 3. Serverless in a Nutshell ‘Next-gen’ PaaS (developers just write the business logic) for services decomposable into events/requests & handlers scaled, metered [and charged] by individual handler invocation * The motivation behind the ‘serverless’ term is that the application provider doesn’t need to care about managing the underlying servers (introduced by Amazon, who didn’t have fully managed PaaS offering before Lambda) 2
- 4. analyze reading OpenWhisk create order alert customer alarm changes changes service order appliance events IBM Watson IoT Example: bit.ly/open-fridge @ Daniel Krook
- 5. The Essence of Serverless What is Serverless? • ‘Serverless’ is a cloud-native design pattern, accompanied with a programming model and a runtime architecture • Aimed at radically simplified, faster and more efficient development and operation of (certain) applications The Pattern • Application is architected a set of ‘business logic’ functions, local or remote, triggered by discrete events or requests • The underlying runtime is (infinitely) elastic, with scaling (and chargeback) granularity of single function invocation (100ms) • Each local function is invoked in a sandbox, which is short- lived and ephemeral (interacting with stateful services) 4
- 6. Serverless Market Amazon Lambda • Pioneer of serverless, launched in Nov 2014 • Rapid growth, dedicated mini-con at Re:Invent 2016 Similar offerings by other commercial cloud providers • Google Functions, Azure Functions, IBM OpenWhisk Multiple niche players • iron.io, pubnub.com, etc OpenWhisk – the open source serverless platform • Developed by IBM, now under incubation in Apache (w/Adobe) • Also offered on IBM Bluemix as a fully managed service 5
- 7. What is serverless good for? 6
- 8. Example: Serverless at Thomson Reuters 7 https://www.portal.reinvent.awsevents.com/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=8674
- 9. Example: Serverless at Bustle 8 https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/bustle/
- 10. Example: Serverless at Expedia 9 https://www.portal.reinvent.awsevents.com/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=8671
- 11. Example: Serverless at Expedia 10 https://www.portal.reinvent.awsevents.com/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=8671
- 12. Serverless: Why Now? The Perfect Storm 11 Serverless PaaS Evolution Developers enjoy the ‘low touch’ experience, but scaling is a challenge Event-Driven Use-Cases More application can be architected as a collection of events and handlers Containers Maturity Technologies for fine-grained sandboxing become mainstream API Economy Proliferation of RESTful, composable (micro)services, often charged by API call Image: http://bobkaylor.typepad.com/bob_kaylor/2012/01/the-meaning-of-jesus-part-2-the-perfect-storm.html
- 13. OpenWhisk: Open Source Serverless Platform Trigger Package Feed Package Feed Package Feed Package Feed REST CLI iOS SDK CRUD triggers, actions, and rules Invoke actions UI Action NodeJS Action Swift Action Docker Rule Rule Rule Action NodeJS Action Docker Service ecosytem Bluemix services 3rd party services Self-enabled services Chain Chain Invoke Docker (and potentially other abstractions going forward) API Gateway* * work in progress OpenWhisk Tenets: • Fully open (source, dev, community, ecosystem) • Extensible (feeds, actions, packages) • Polyglot (JS, Python, Swift, Java, *any*/docker) • Composable (e.g., sequences) • Per-event/request scaling, metering https://github.com/openwhisk
- 14. OpenWhisk Internal Architecture 13 Controller …Invoker InvokerInvoker
- 15. OpenWhisk Catalog Cron Utils (e.g., jq) CouchDB/Cloudant Object Storage MQTT Kafka Node-RED * Some of the above are work in progress 14 Github Slack IBM Watson Weather WebHooks Mobile Push etc
- 16. OpenWhisk CLI: Create and test action Create the Action that analyzes IoT readings, then stores in the database wsk action create analyze-service-event analyze-service-event.js --param cloudant_user $CLOUDANT_USER --param cloudant_pass $CLOUDANT_PASS Invoke the Action manually with sample message data to test wsk action invoke --blocking --result analyze-service-event --param service '{"appliance_serial": "xxxxyyyyzzzz", "part_number": "ddddeeeeffff", "reading": 13, "timestamp": 1466188262}'
- 17. OpenWhisk CLI: Link trigger to action Create the Trigger that subscribes to an MQTT topic pattern wsk trigger create openfridge-feed-trigger --feed mqtt/mqtt-feed-action --param topic 'iot-2/type/+/id/+/evt/+/fmt/json' --param url 'ssl://example.messaging.internetofthings.ibmcloud.com:8883’ Link the Trigger to the Action using a Rule wsk rule create --enable openfridge-feed-rule openfridge-feed-trigger analyze-service-event
- 18. OpenWhisk and API Gateway Coming soon... • OpenWhisk CLI is extended to to allow user to define routes for actions $ wsk action create hello hello.js $ wsk api create GET /v1/hello hello Route URL: https://api-gw.mybluemix.net/api/ /nsuuid/v1/hello $ curl –XGET https://api-gw.mybluemix.net/api/ /nsuuid/v1/hello { message: ”Hello World” } 1 Browser Mobile App Web App APIGateway 2 OpenWhisk 3 Invoke associated OpenWhisk action „getCustomers“ Swift DockerJS Python Java Incoming HTTP request, e.g. HTTP GET api-gw.mybluemix.net/…/getCustomers - API Gateway takes care of… - security (authenticate, authorize, threat protect, validate) - control (rate limiting, response caching) - mediation - parameter mapping - schema validation - etc
- 19. OpenWhisk Debugger (https://github.com/openwhisk/openwhisk-debugger ) Allows to… • debug actions locally • inspect parameter values • edit code & push changes Supports debugging… • NodeJS, Python and Swift actions
- 21. Challenges of Serverless Opinionated programming model • Aligned with 12-factor approach to cloud-native applications Per-invocation latency & overhead High-performance persistent state Life cycle of composite serverless applications Monitoring, error handling, testing, debugging 20
- 22. Proposal: Serverless/OpenWhisk in FIWARE FIWARE is an open source platform, community and ecosystem for context-aware cloud-based applications enabled by Big Data and IoT • OpenWhisk shares similar open principles and philosophy Serverless capabilities (based on OpenWhisk) can simplify development and hosting of FIWARE applications, e.g., • Simple interface to develop and run actions (in various programming languages), integrated into FIWARE user experience □ FIWARE WireCloud integration/frontend? • OpenWhisk packages surfacing APIs of individual FIWARE Generic Enablers (GEs) as OpenWhisk triggers and actions • FIWARE Orion/NGSI package encapsulating generic context operations (queries, updates), subscription feed □ Feed provider via Cygnus OpenWhisk bridge • GE developers could take advantage of OpenWhisk too 21 https://www.fiware.org/
- 23. Thank you! http://fiware.org Follow @FIWARE on Twitter Alex Glikson Cloud Platforms, IBM Research Architect, FIWARE Cloud Hosting glikson@il.ibm.com
- 24. OpenWhisk on IBM Bluemix 23
- 25. Getting started with OpenWhisk in Bluemix Click here and run your first action in 30 secs: https://console.ng.bluemix.net/openwhisk/ Associate an action with event triggers:
- 26. Serverless check processing with OpenWhisk https://github.com/krook/openchecks
- 27. Serverless can handle many cloud native app 12 Factors I Codebase Handled by developer (Manage versioning of functions on their own) II Dependencies Handled by developer, facilitated by serverless platform (Runtimes and packages) III Config Handled by platform (Environment variables or injected event parameters) IV Backing services Handled by platform (Connection information injected as event parameters) V Build, release, run Handled by platform (Deployed resources are immutable and internally versioned) VI Processes Handled by platform (Single stateless containers often used) VII Port binding Handled by platform (Actions or functions are automatically discovered) VIII Concurrency Handled by platform (Process model is hidden and scales in response to demand) IX Disposability Handled by platform (Lifecycle is hidden from the user, fast startup and elastic scale is prioritized) X Dev/prod parity Handled by developer (The developer is the deployer. Scope of what differs is narrower) XI Logs Handled by platform (Developer writes to console.log, platform handles log streaming) XII Admin processes Handled by developer (No distinction between one off processes and long running)