![“We expect to see 20 billion
internet-connected things by
2020.” [Gartner 2017]
Gartner 2017: Leading the IoT. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/books/iot/iotEbook_digital.pdf](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ssn-workshop2018-arminhaller-181009164829/85/The-Siloization-of-the-IoT-A-Guide-out-of-the-App-trap-2-320.jpg)
The Siloization of the IoT: A Guide out of the App trap
- 1. The Siloization of the IoT: A Guide out of the App trap Armin Haller Australian National University
- 2. “We expect to see 20 billion internet-connected things by 2020.” [Gartner 2017] Gartner 2017: Leading the IoT. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/books/iot/iotEbook_digital.pdf
- 3. … but what do they look like
- 7. Enabled through common standards … • Physical Communication Bluetooth, 802.11 Wi-Fi, LPWAN, etc. • Network/Transport TCP/IPv4/IPv6, 6LowPAN etc. • Data Protocols HTTP/CoAP, Zigbee, Websocket, AMQP, MQTT etc.
- 8. … but many silos on the App level …
- 9. Some proprietary proposals … … for Discovery (e.g. Physical Web, HyperCat, UPnP) … …but standards are needed.
- 10. Remember? UDDI SOAP Service Provider Service Consumer W SDL W SDL Service Registry
- 11. Envisioned Web Service protocol stack Adopted from: F. Curbera, R. Khalaf, N. Mukhi, S. Tai, and S. Weerawarana. The next step in web services. In Commun. ACM, pages 29–34, 2013. Business Processes QoS Description and Discovery Messaging BPEL4WS WS- Security WS-Reliable Messaging WS-Addressing WS-Transaction WS-Coordination UDDI WS-Policy WSDL SOAP XML Transport HTTP SMTP
- 12. Business Processes QoS Description and Discovery Messaging BPEL4WS WS- Security WS-Reliable Messaging WS-Addressing WS-Transaction WS-Coordination UDDI WS-Policy WSDL SOAP XML Transport HTTP SMTP Real Web Service protocol stack
- 13. Adding semantics to Web Service stack
- 14. Adding semantics to Web Service stack
- 15. Reality JSON Service Provider Service Consumer OpenAPISpec(OAS) Schema .org Swagger
- 16. W3C SSN-XG 2012 W3C SOSA/SSN 2017
- 17. SOSA/SSN ontology onion-layers owl:imports (extends) normative non-normative Sensor Observation Sample and Actuator (SOSA)
- 18. SOSA core concepts Procedure observes forProperty madeBySensor madeBySampler madeByActuator hasFeatureOfInterest observedProperty actsOnPropoerty usedProcedure FeatureOfInterest time:TemporalEntity phenomenonTime xsd:dateTime resultTime isFeatureOfInterestOf madeObservation madeSampling madeActuation isObservedBy hasResult hasSimpleResult rdfs:Literal isResultOf implements implementedBy Actuator Sampler Sensor ActuatableProperty ObservableProperty Actuation Sampling Observation Result Sample isSampleOf hasSample hasProperty isPropertyOf
- 20. Events PROV Actuatable Properties (Actions) Sensors/ Actuators FoIs Procedures System Capabilities Unit of Measures Observable Properties Thing DescriptionSOSA/SSN Geonames UM QUDT OWL-S Temporal Extent OWL Time Basic Geo DCAT Result Spatial Extent
- 21. Missing pieces • Standardized Taxonomy of Observable Properties (Quantities) – e.g. weight, height, temperature, color • Controlled Vocabulary of Features of Interest (Phenomena) per domain – e.g. waterbody, air, arm, heart, soil, fire • Industry Controlled Vocabulary of Sensor/Actuator types – e.g. scale, thermometer, pedometer, flame detector • Standardized Industry Procedures (i.e. computational, voice, gesture processes) – e.g. on/off, louder/quieter, twisting
- 22. Micro data RDFa … at the very least JSON Service Provider Service Consumer Actions Sensors/ Actuators FoIs Procedures System Capabilities Unit of Measures Observable Properties SCHEMA .ORG Temporal Extent Result Spatial Extent Events JSON -LD
- 23. Conclusion • Interoperability only guaranteed through the use of the Web platform (HTML5, HTTP) • Standardized metadata required to know how to interact with IoT devices • Established metadata standards (ontologies) still missing … schema.org may plug the gap in the short- term