The Use of Functional Size in the Industry.pdf
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NESMA is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting software measurement standards and improving practices in the industry. The webinar, hosted by Harold van Heeringen, discusses functional size measurement (FSM), its key benefits, and how it can be applied in cost estimation and project management. Additionally, it highlights partnerships with benchmarking groups and offers insights on resource access for members, including discounts on benchmarking data.
The Use of Functional Size in the Industry.pdf
- 3. Nesma - Software Measurement Standards and Improvement Nesma is a non-profit international software measurement organization, founded in 1989, focused on: ▪ Spreading knowledge about software measurement and software metrics; ▪ Act as a Body of Knowledge for the industry regarding the use of software metrics in all business areas; ▪ Remain independent, objective and not-for-profit; ▪ Research the applicability of software metrics in all business areas; ▪ Connect relevant organizations in the industry that Nesma feels are expert in one of the areas where software measurement and metrics are important; ▪ Produce relevant guidelines, reports and other information products that are useful for the software industry; ▪ Produce a platform where people can discuss issues they experience with software measurement and metrics or where they can exchange ideas and/or knowledge. Nesma is Gold Partner of International Software Benchmarking Standards Group, partner in the International Cost Estimation and Analysis Association (ICEAA) Software Special Interest Group and partner with the China Software Process Improvement group.
- 4. Introducing me Harold van Heeringen ▪ >25 years experience in IT, >20 years in software measurement and metrics. ▪ Ex-Sogeti – 17 years – Metrics desk: FPA, metrics, estimation, benchmarking. ▪ IDC Metri – 8 years – Principal Consultant and Practice Lead IT Intelligence services. ▪ ISBSG – Immediate Past President, data collection. ▪ NESMA – President. ▪ SIG ICEAA Software – Board member. 50 years young. Living in Veendam, the Netherlands. Married, 3 children. Passions: playing speed chess, skiing, travelling, fitness, mountain biking, playing padel.
- 5. Topics for today ▪ Introducing functional size measurement. ▪ Key benefits of functional size measurement. ▪ Typical metrics based on functional size. ▪ How to measure functional size. ▪ Case Study: Cost Estimation of a CotS redevelopment project. ▪ Q&A This webinar is being recorded! And uploaded to the Nesma YouTube channel
- 7. Introducing Functional Size Measurement (FSM) Functional Size Measurement: A consistent method to quantify the amount of requested functionality that an information system offers to its users. Functionality is a good proxy for business value. Therefore, it is important to track! Main advantages ▪ Objective (ISO/IEC standard), repeatable, verifiable and therefore defensible measurement of functionality. ▪ Basis for objective metrics, independent of the technical and non-functional requirements. ▪ Therefore, it is possible to use functional size in software project estimation, project control, productivity measurement, benchmarking, pricing and contracting. ▪ Functionality is a good proxy for (business) value! Current ISO standards for Functional Size Measurement: ▪ Nesma ISO/IEC 24570 ▪ IFPUG ISO/IEC 20926 ▪ COSMIC ISO/IEC 19761 ▪ MK II ISO/IEC 20968 ▪ FiSMA ISO/IEC 29881
- 8. Wall analogy 20 m3 20 m3
- 9. Key benefits of Functional Size Measurement Objective size → objective metrics! ▪ Project Delivery Rate (PDR) = effort hours per FP, e.g., 12,3 hours/FP. ▪ Cost Efficiency = $ per FP, e.g., 792 $/FP. ▪ Delivery Speed = FP per month, e.g., 98 FP per month. ▪ Process Quality = Defects/1000 FP, e.g., 154 defects per 1000 FP. ▪ Value for Money = FP per $1000 spent, e.g., 3,5 FP/$1000 Benefits of objective metrics: ▪ Track process improvement over time. ▪ Compare teams, projects or contracts. ▪ Allows to use historical data for project estimation, performance measurement and benchmarking. ▪ Use as KPIs in contracting external agile teams. ▪ Price per FP contracts are a win-win for both parties. ▪ Objective management information – possibilities to manage the value creation function!
- 10. How to measure functional size (Nesma / IFPUG) ILF ELF Users Transactions Logical Files EI EQ EO
- 11. Function Points ▪ Determine Complexity – many detailed guidelines in detailed FPA! ▪ Certified CFPA experts know these rules. ▪ However, most documentation is not detailed enough to perform detailed FPA. ▪ Indicative and high-level FPA have been very successful proxies for detailed FPA. ▪ Indicative FPA: ▪ High-level FPA Complexity ILF ELF EI EO EQ Low 7 5 3 4 3 Average 10 7 4 5 4 High 15 10 6 7 6
- 12. Indicative and High-level FPA Complexity ILF ELF EI EO EQ Low 7 5 3 4 3 Average 10 7 4 5 4 High 15 10 6 7 6
- 13. Functional Size, and then what? ▪ Software Cost Estimation? ▪ Project Planning? ▪ Staffing Plan? ▪ Benchmark Agile Teams? ▪ Output-based contracts? ▪ Price per FP contracts? ▪ Performance management? ▪ Process improvement? ▪ QA Planning? ▪ Risk Assessment? ▪ …. DATA
- 14. ISBSG: The Gold Standard in Software Benchmarking The International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG ), founded in 1997, is a non-profit organization dedicated to establishing and promoting industry standards for software development and maintenance benchmarking. They provide a comprehensive data repository of real-world project metrics from leading organizations worldwide. Mission: “To improve the management of IT resources by both business and government, through the provision and exploitation of public repositories of software engineering knowledge that are standardized, verified, recent and representative of current technologies” Nesma has been a Gold Partner of ISBSG since its establishment in 1997. This long-standing partnership signifies our deep commitment to: ▪ Reliable Benchmarking Data: Nesma leverage ISBSG data to allow our members to use the most up-to-date and reliable industry data for benchmarking, estimation, outsourcing, performance measurement, research and analysis, etc. ▪ Advanced Benchmarking Expertise: Nesma shares extensive knowledge of ISBSG data and methodologies, allowing our members to deliver insightful analyses and actionable recommendations. ▪ Continuous Improvement: Nesma actively collaborates with ISBSG to contribute to the evolution of software benchmarking standards and best practices.
- 15. ISBSG data - example 11800+ data points of new development and enhancement projects, releases and sprints. 253 columns with project data attributes. PDR = hours per FP (inverse of universal concept of Productivity)
- 16. Project estimation with FPA Productivity Influences Functional size Hours/Costs /Duration
- 17. Case Study ▪ Company uses a Commercial of the Shelf (CotS package) at the heart of its critical process. ▪ There are many integrations between the CotS and other (custom-made) applications in the landscape. ▪ The supplier of the CotS stops the support 3 years from now. ▪ This is considered a risk and Company wishes to investigate 2 options: 1. Replace the CotS by a similar CotS and integrate that into the landscape. 2. Develop the CotS functionality inhouse in C# .NET technology. ▪ For the 1st option, a supplier selection project was started to investigate the available solutions on the market and create a short list of suppliers to talk to. ▪ For the 2nd option, a Software Cost Estimation study was carried out of the redevelopment project.
- 18. Functional Size Measurement ▪ A CFPA measured the available functional documentation using indicative FPA. ▪ All entities that are maintained in the application are considered an ILF. ▪ All entities that are used in the application but maintained in a different application (inside or outside of the company) are considered ELF. ▪ The number of ILF’s is multiplied by 35 FP. ▪ The number of ELF’s is multiplied by 15 FP. ▪ The total nr. of function points is 3000 FP. ▪ For a 3- point estimate, the following size is used: ▪ Minimum: 2400 FP ▪ Likely: 3000 FP ▪ Maximum: 4000 FP
- 19. Historical Data – select relevant data The ISBSG repository (2023) is used to select the historical data to use: ▪ Data Quality Rating: A or B. ▪ Size Range: 2000 – 5000 FP. ▪ Count Approach = Nesma FP. ▪ Project Year > 2021. ▪ Project Type = New Development. ▪ Not include XS, S or M1 projects. This results in 13 data points.
- 20. Distribution PDR (h/FP) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Min P10 P20 P25 P30 P40 Median P60 P70 P75 P80 P90 PDR (h/FP) PDR
- 21. Estimate using ISBSG PDR Scenario Nesma FP PDR (h/FP) Effort (hours) Min 2400 8.2 19,608 Likely 3000 8.6 25,650 Max 4000 10.3 41,040 - 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 Min Likely Max Effort (hours)
- 23. Duration estimate (based on average Delivery Speed) 17,8 22,2 29,6 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Min. Average Max.
- 24. Effort per month (based on likely duration) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Min. Average Max. Effort (month)
- 25. Team Size needed 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0 Min. Average Max. Team Size (FTE)
- 27. Key Take Aways ▪ Functional Size Measurement is an ISO/IEC standard that measures functionality, a good proxy for business value, in an objective, repeatable and standardized way. ▪ This allows the use of objective metrics for estimation, benchmarking, team measurement, contracting, etc. ▪ Functional Size Measurement already is possible once the high-level functional user requirements are known, very early in the project lifecycle. ▪ The Nesma standard allows the use of indicative and high-level FPA with very high accuracy. Easy Functional Size is published soon. ▪ ISBSG offers historical data of over 11800 completed projects, releases and sprints. ▪ The case study shows a Software Cost Estimate for a redevelopment project based on functional size combined with relevant historical data. ▪ Monitoring the project is important: Agile teams may spin out of control fast, but agile also brings new data every sprint, which can be used to manage the project.
- 29. New Nesma Guide: Easy Functional Sizing (EFS) ▪ Especially for Agile working teams (but others can use it as well!) ▪ Only Logical Files, External input and External outputs are measured! ▪ Logical File: 7 FP ▪ External input: 4 FP ▪ External output: 5 FP ▪ Positioned at the heart of the Organization!
- 30. Elevate Your Expertise in Software Measurement & Estimation Join the Global Community of Nesma Professionals! • Access a network of experts: • Learn from experienced practitioners. • Collaborate on projects and initiatives. • Gain valuable resources: • Free Research publications, white papers, case studies. • Free Standardized measurement methods and guidelines (FPA standard). • High discounts on ISBSG data! • Boost your career: • Professional development opportunities & certifications. • Increased industry recognition and credibility. • Access and contribute to the ICEAA Software SIG. • Expand your network: • Connect with potential employers and clients on our free annual physical networking event! • Contribute to shaping the future of the field. • Stay informed: • Gain insights into industry trends and challenge. • Sign up now: Membership (fee: 125 EUR per Year). Join us June 6!! De Soesterduinen, NL
- 31. ISBSG data and discounts for Nesma members Nesma members get discount on ISBSG data subscriptions. ▪ Developments & Enhancements: 11800 data points of new application developments and releases. ▪ Maintenance & Support: 1921 data points of application Maintenance & Support. ▪ Corporate Subscription: All (updates of) the Development & Enhancements data + all the Maintenance & Support data ▪ Data Subscription: Subscription to only D&E or Only the M&S data. ▪ Productivity Query Tool: High-level analysis tool on a subset of the D&E data. ▪ All ISBSG reports are free for Nesma members. Check for more information here: https://nesma.org/publications/isbsg-data-and-reports/isbsg-project-data-subscription/ ISBSG offer Non-Member Nesma Member Discount % ISBSG data subscription 1.830 € 1.525 € 305 € 17% Corporate subscription 4.575 € 3.500 € 1.075 € 23% PDQ tool 120 € - € 120 €
- 32. Thank you for attending this webinar! ▪ Haroldvanheeringen Become a Nesma member now! Annual fee is only €125 https://nesma.org/members/registration-form/ Connect with the Nesma community, including free downloads of all digital products + free access to a physical member meeting/network event! large discounts on ISBSG data! Nesma: http:// www.nesma.org Harold.van.Heeringen@nesma.org