SlideShare a Scribd company logo
BUILDING COMMISSIONING:

   The Value of Commissioning




         CaGBC Building Advisor Program
         October, 2012
         John Kokko, P.Eng., CCP, LEED AP
         jkokko@enermodal.com
         519-743-8777 x2424
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 What is building
  commissioning
 What are the steps required by

  LEED
 Why is it important

 What results can we expect
NEW BUILDING CX

LEED Credits


EAp1 – Fundamental Cx (Prerequisite)
   Deals mainly with construction and getting the building operating before
    hand-over


EAc3 - Enhanced Cx (Credit)
   Deals with design and post occupancy operation
WHAT IS NEW BUILD COMMISSIONING
Definition:
       To bring a new project or facility on line
?
?
?
Hands over a
    building that gives the
    owner what he paid for.
NAME FROM SHIP BUILDING

   A commissioned ship is one deemed ready for service.
   Must pass several milestones.
   Equipment is installed and tested, problems are identified and
    corrected, and staff are extensively trained.
   A commissioned ship is one whose materials, systems, and staff have
    successfully completed a thorough quality assurance process.
   Commissioned ship is one ready to sail safely and reliably
VISION OF COMMISSIONING
      Take the owner’s needs and wants
      ►   Ensure requirements properly articulated
      Through the minds of the consultants
      ►   Ensure designs properly reflect OPR
      Through the hands of suppliers and contractors
      ►   Ensure building is properly built
      Deliver a properly performing building
      ►   Ensure all systems operate as intended
BUILDING Cx = QC FOR CARS?
       Similar to a QC
       process for cars
       Note similarities in:
       Work area
       Tools
       Assembly
       techniques
       Workers’
       responsibilities
WHY IS COMMISSIONING NEEDED
   Don’t the design and construction teams already
    do this?
   Everyone wants to do a good job.
   But two constrains:
     1.   Scope included with fees
     2.   Knowledge of the state-of-the-art
   Low price generally gets the job
   Designers responsible for code
   Site review for conformance to
    drawings and specs
   Not performance beyond obvious
    faults and complaints after the fact
UP-TO-DATE KNOWLEDGE
 Innovation moving extremely fast
 Innovative equipment and

  systems are relatively unfamiliar
  to designers, contractors,
  operators and even
  manufacturers agents
 Energy efficiency, integrated

  systems, imported design
  concepts and computerization
  have multiplied levels of
  complexity
WHAT IS INNOVATION
    MULTIPLE MARRIED TECHNOLOGIES
ADDED COMPLICATIONS
   Radiant heating
   Radiant cooling
   Condensing boiler
   Water-side economizer
   Building automation systems
INNOVATION INCREASING EXPONENTIALLY

      Direct and indirect evaporative cooling
      Optimum start
      Cascading PID loops
      Stratified thermal storage
      Daylighting control
      LON and BACnet
      Integration
             And on and on and on ….
CONVENTIONAL COMMISSIONING


• Start-up and basic check out of equipment
• Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB)
• Begins after systems in and ready for
  start-up
• Verify individual components function as
  components
• Performed by installing contractor or
  manufacturers rep
TOTAL COMMISSIONING (LEED™)

A systematic quality assurance program
Starts at concept design and concludes at end of
  warranty
Includes all phases concept design, detailed design,
  construction, start-up, 1 year operation
Commissioning verifies energy performance and
  comfort maintenance
TOTAL COMMISSIONING (LEED™)

 Includes reviews
 through all stages

 Includes participation

 of consultants, trades,

  O&M staff
 Includes detailed reviews

 design, shop draw, install

 Expanded installation

 verification and start-up checks

 O&M documentation more centralized

 Whole system performance vs. component checks
COMMISSIONING COMPARISON
TOTAL COMMISSIONING              TRADITIONAL COMMISSIONING
Concept Design Reviews           No Cx. Consultant self-checks.
Detailed Design Reviews          No Cx. Consultant self-checks.
Shop Drawing Reviews             No Cx. Dwgs & specs met only.
Site Installation Verification   No Cx. Dwgs & specs met only.
Equipment Start-Up Verification Contractor or Manufacturer only. No
                                  systems interoperability
Balancing Verification           No Cx. Contractor self-checks.
Functional Performance Test      No Cx. Contractor self-checks.
Documentation and Operator       No Cx. Contractor self-checks.
  Training                         Owner verifies acceptability.
Trending and Seasonal FPT        Contractor seldom returns
Warranty and Occupant            No Cx. Respond to complaints only.
              concerns
VALUE OF Cx
     Largest study to date
     Mills, LBNL July 2009

     http://cx.lbl.gov/2009-assessment.html

     643 buildings, 26 US states

     561 existing and 82 new buildings

     37 Cx firms

     99 M ft2, $2.2 B construct

     90.4 M ft2 existing, 8.8 M ft2 new construction

     $43 M Cx costs
NEW BUILDING Cx MEDIANS

        Cx cost, $1.16/ft2 or 0.4% of overall construct cost
        ($290/ft2) (Range $0.60 - $2.15)
        Number of deficiencies identified, 3,528
        (about 1/3 of projects reported deficiencies)
        Energy savings 13% (Range 9% - 29%)
       Payback time, 4.2 years (Range 1.7 to 11.4 yrs)
AREAS OF BENEFIT
         Construction Cost Savings
             Equipment downsizing and trade-offs
         Energy Savings - $0.05 to $0.45/ft2
         Peak demand reductions
         Maintenance and replacement costs reduced
         Increased productivity and reduced liability
                 Indoor environmental quality maintenance
         Carbon emissions reductions
COMMISSIONING PROCESS OVERVIEW
LEED Cx OUTLINE
Design and Construction Phases   EAp1 – Fundamental Cx                 EAc3 – Enhanced Cx

Design                           Owner documents OPR                   Before 50% CD Owner designates
                                                                       CxA
Construction Documents           Designers incorporate Cx specs into   CxA presents Cx Plan
                                 Construction Docs
50% CD                                                                 CxA conducts 50% design review

Post Contract Award              Owner designates CxA                  CxA reviews shop drawings
                                 CxA presents Cx Plan
Installation                     CxA performs/oversees installation
                                 verification
Start-up                         CxA performs/oversees functional
                                 testing
                                                                       CxA reviews O&M Manuals
                                                                       CxA oversees staff training
Substantial Completion           CxA prepares Draft Final Report       CxA prepares Systems Manual

Post Construction                CxA performs/oversees defered
                                 testing
Occupancy                        CxA delivers Final Report             CxA provides Warranty and
                                                                       occupant concerns review
OWNER & DESIGN TEAM DOCUMENTATION
     Owners Project Requirements (OPR)
     ►   Owner and User requirements
     ►   Environmental sustainability goals
     ►   Energy efficiency goals
     ►   Indoor environmental quality requirements
     ►   Equipment and systems expectations
     ►   Building occupant & O&M personnel requirements


     Basis of Design (BoD)
     ►   Primary design assumptions
     ►   Standards
     ►   Narrative descriptions
Cx DURING DESIGN
    Work with design team to define measurable energy and
    indoor environmental quality goals
    Discuss alternatives to traditional design solutions
    Provide support for unfamiliar technologies
    Review to verify design meets objectives and technologies
    properly implemented
    Review to verify equipment specified meets goals and
    objectives
COMMON DESIGN ISSUES

 No design target for energy use
 Lighting power density not identified

 No heat recovery

 Condensing boilers not considered

 Variable speed pumps and fans

     ECM motors not incorporated
 20°F rather than 40°F design

     temp drop design used
 Undersized piping and

  ductwork
Cx PLAN

   Overview of Cx Process
   List of equipment and systems to be Cx

   Cx Team and responsibilities

   Management, Communication and Reporting Overview

   Cx Process Overview (Outline above)

   List of deliverables

   Milestones
Cx MEMBERS & RESPONSIBILITIES
        COMMISSIONING AGENT
         Owner’s rep leading commissioning
         Reviews and produces most paperwork
         Directs testing

         Ensures LEED™ requirements are met

        OWNER
         Provide support as required to ensure Cx
          proceeds smoothly
         FM Staff?

        Consultants
         Provide documentation as required for review
         Attend commissioning meetings as required
Cx MEMBERS & RESPONSIBILITIES

   GENERAL CONTRACTOR
   ►   Ensures contractors meet commissioning
       requirements
   M&E CONTRACTORS
   ► Completes start-up, installation verification lists
   ► Operates equipment for Performance Testing
   ► Produces O&M manuals, Provides owner training

   CONTROLS CONTRACTOR
   ► Operate controls for Performance Testing, produce
     O&M materials for controls
Cx SPECIFICATIONS

         Contractor responsibilities
         Submittal review process

         Meetings

         IVC process

         Start-up process

         Balancing reviews

         FPT process

         O&M manuals requirements

         Training requirements

         Warranty review
Cx DURING CONSTRUCTION


        Verify equipment installed per drawings and
        specs, manuf’rs requirements and proper
        industry practice and standards
        Verify equipment is, set-up, adjusted,
        balanced, controlled and operated to provide
        expected comfort and energy performance
        Provide owner complete systems O&M docs
        Provide owner’s operating personnel
        adequate training to understand, operate and
        maintain equipment
COMMON INSTALLATION ISSUES


 Coils piped backward
 Maintenance access not

  provided
 Pumps with shaft oriented

  improperly
 Thermostats located adjacent

  to heating/cooling diffusers
 Insulation missing

 Sensors improperly located
COMMON FUNCTIONAL TESTING ISSUES

 Controls functions not
  matching sequence
 VFDs do not modulate

 Outdoor damper minimum

  position
 Control valve action reversed
TRAINING TOPICS

      General purpose of system
      Use of O&M manuals

      Operation of systems under all conditions

      Interaction with other systems

      Adjustments and optimization for efficiency

      Health and safety

      Special maintenance and replacement resources

      Occupant interaction

      Controls training
SYSTEMS MANUAL

     Final BoD
     System single line diagrams

     As-Built sequences, set-points, etc.

     System operating instructions

     Maintenance schedule

     Retesting schedule
Cx AFTER OCCUPANCY


     Follow trends on BAS to ensure ongoing operation
     Completion of deficiencies remaining after
     construction
     Follow-up on warranty issues arising
     Follow up on occupant concerns during warranty
     and first year occupancy
     Verify that issues are cleaned up by the end of
     warranty
FINAL REPORT


      OPR
      Design and shops review summary

      Cx specifications

      IVC results

      FPT results

      O&M evaluation

      Value achieved through Cx

      Outstanding issues
MULTI-FUNTION AHU

DESIGN ISSUES
     Dehumidifying only
      outdoor air reduces size of
      equipment and increases
      efficiency of equipment
     Using heat recovery to
      reduce load on cooling coil
     Using indirect evaporative
      cooler to increase HX eff’y
      humidity carried outdoors
MULTI-FUNCTION AHU

   INSTALLATION ISSUES
   No radiation shield on sensor by flame
   No maintenance access to some
    sensors
   Installation of single point sensor
    where averaging required
   Reset button set tight and vibration
    causing unit to cut out
   Overloads not set properly
BOILERS

DESIGN ISSUES
  No check valves would
  required both boilers operate in
  parallel
  Independent controllers would
  not have been coordinated
  Primary only loop with DHW
  would have required
  continuous minimum 160F
BOILER

INSTALLATION ISSUES
   Water treatment eliminated by
    aluminum boiler manufacturer. But
    piping not protected
    OA reset not programmed
    because tech believed it would not
    save energy
    Control sensor located in single
    boiler supply rather than common
    header
RETIREMENT RESIDENCE



HVAC SYSTEM

   Ground loop coupled distributed heat pumps with
    supplemental gas-fired heating.
   One AHU with heat recovery and HP htg/clg for fresh air
    distribution to corridors and common areas
   One AHU with WLHP htg/clg for Kitchen
   Individual HRVs for ventilation and WLHPs for htg/clg in
    each room
RETIREMENT HOME
DESIGN ISSUES

   Heat injection before rather
    than after ground loop
        Moved to eliminate boiler
    heating ground
   HX between building loop and
    ground loop removed
        Reduced capital cost and
    increased efficiency
RETIREMENT HOME Cont’d

    Dedicated DHW heaters
     simplified boiler loop controls,
     allowed summer shutdown
     and allowed primary loop OA
     reset and condensing
    Cascading different
     temperature loops ensured
     cold return water temps
    40°F temp rise drop reduced
     pipe and pump sizing
AIR HANDLER
 SHOP DRAWING REVIEW FINDINGS
 1. 3 re-submittals of heat wheel shop drawings required
    before a workable defrost strategy provided.
 2. Shop drawing coil performance based on water while
    system will used propylene glycol.
 3. Coils have greater air-side and water-side pressure
    drops than specified.
 4. Controls sequences were carbon copy of engineer’s
    general wording rather than converting to specifics that
    can be programmed.
     Heat wheel, heating coil and cooling coils shall be
      sequenced to provide energy efficient operation
SERVICES and REPAIR BUILDING




 HVAC SYSTEM
  Ground Source Heat Pump
  Radiant floor heating

  Dedicated outdoor air ventilation with heat recovery

  Supplemental fan coils for cooling
SERVICE and REPAIR BUILDING

HVAC System
SMALL SERVICES BUILDING


Functional Testing
 System relied on heat pump circulator but never
  programmed to operate when heat pump off
 PID loops needed tuning to provide stable operation

 Radiant floor valve found with wire not connected leaving

  valve open and space overheating
SERVICE AND REPAIR BUILDING CASE STUDY
FUNCTIONAL TEST
        Storage room hot, office cool. Found crossed floor loops. Office
        t’stat controlling floor heat in storage room. Loops not labelled
       Heat pump constantly tripping. Supplier blamed system but did not
        measure any parameters. Cx measurements showed water flows
        ok. Heat pump diagnostics finally found faulty TX valve and low
        refrigerant.
       Controls are probably the single most important item in ensuring
        successful system operation for comfort and energy savings.
         CC programmed system heating water temps lower than
          specified because this works better
         Improperly programmed 24 hr moving average outdoor temp
          caused the system to flip-flop between heating and cooling
REAL PERFORMANCE
What is the energy use of typical buildings?
              800

              700

              600
     Annual
     Energy   500

              400
    ekWh/m2
              300

              200

              100

                0                                                     All data (except GoG) from 
                                                                      NRCan Survey (CIBEUS, 2000).
                    All Bldgs  C&I Accom  Offices    Offices    GoG
                      (ON)       (ON)      (ON)      (CAN)
RETIREMENT RESIDENCE A
Actual Performance
               300



               250
      Annual
      Energy
               200
     ekWh/m2

               150



               100



               50              Simulated                                              Floor Area = 5348 m2

                               Actual

                0
                     Dec '04 (SL)       Nov '05 (SL)   Nov '05 (CBIP)   Jul '06 (Review) Apr '07 to Mar '08
RETIREMENT RESIDENCE B
Actual Performance

              250




              200
     Annual
     Energy

    ekWh/m2   150




              100




              50                                                         Floor Area = 11702 m2

                         Simulated
                         Actual
               0
                     Aug '04 (SL)    Feb '06 (CBIP)   Aug '06 (Review)    Aug '07 to Feb '08
LABORATORY BUILDING
Actual Performance
               500
                             Simulated
                             Actual
               400
      Annual
      Energy

     ekWh/m2   300



               200



               100


                                                                                           Floor Area = 9350 m2
                0
                     Aug '04 (SL)     Aug '06 (CBIP)   Feb '07 (Review)   Dec '07 to Feb '08    Mar to May '08
COMPARISON

                   Actual energy use compared to typical buildings
         800

         700

         600
Annual
         500
Energy

ekWh/m2 400

         300

         200

         100

           0
               All Bldgs  C&I Accom  Offices    Offices    GoG     VA
                                                                 Building     SSJ
                                                                            Building    KPHQ
                                                                                       Building    TRCA
                                                                                                  Building
                 (ON)       (ON)      (ON)      (CAN)               A          B          C          D
MMM Group Limited
100 Commerce Valley Drive West
Thornhill, ON Canada L3T 0A1
t: 905.882.1100 | f: 905.882.0055
e: mmm@mmm.ca

More Related Content

PPTX
Earthquake Resistant Masonry Buildings
PPTX
Seismic retrofitting techniques
PPTX
Effect of wind Load On High Rise Building
PPTX
Design of Precast Elements
PPTX
Tall buildings
PPT
footing
PDF
Steel structures practical_design_studies_mac_ginley_2nd_ed
PPTX
Cyclone resistant building design
Earthquake Resistant Masonry Buildings
Seismic retrofitting techniques
Effect of wind Load On High Rise Building
Design of Precast Elements
Tall buildings
footing
Steel structures practical_design_studies_mac_ginley_2nd_ed
Cyclone resistant building design

What's hot (20)

PPTX
Insepction and quality control
PPTX
Bubble deck slab
PPTX
NDT (NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING) OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE ANSHUL
PPTX
Formwork
PDF
Embodied energy
PPTX
Pile foundations
PPTX
Framed structures
PPTX
Lightweight concrete
PPTX
Concrete structure
PDF
Seismic Retrofitting Techniques
PPTX
Classification of retaining wall
PPTX
Light weight concrete
PDF
Is 1343 2012
PPTX
Wind load
DOCX
Cfst columns
PDF
A case study of intelligent buildings
PPT
Structural lightweight concrete
PPTX
demolition techniques
PPTX
SEMINAR ON GREEN BUILDING
Insepction and quality control
Bubble deck slab
NDT (NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING) OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE ANSHUL
Formwork
Embodied energy
Pile foundations
Framed structures
Lightweight concrete
Concrete structure
Seismic Retrofitting Techniques
Classification of retaining wall
Light weight concrete
Is 1343 2012
Wind load
Cfst columns
A case study of intelligent buildings
Structural lightweight concrete
demolition techniques
SEMINAR ON GREEN BUILDING
Ad

Similar to The Value of Building Commissioning (20)

PDF
Sbai value of commissioning
PPT
BDC Leed Commissioning Presentation
PPT
BDC LEED Cx Preso
PDF
Data Centers Commissioning
PPT
Phil Welker Commissioning
PDF
commissioning guideline
PDF
Chazapis Systems Commissioning Lessons.
PDF
Chazapis Systems Commissioning Lessons.
PDF
The Commissioning Process
PPT
EA credit 3
PPTX
Egyps 2017 technical conference power point template
PPTX
2010 uci douglas hospital team platinum award by bdc
PPTX
VA Cx Presentation_SRE Training 2013 Final_v2
DOCX
Design & Development in the Airship Industry
PDF
Major CAPEX Project Success Assurance-Best Practices and Lessons Learned
DOC
PDF
Integrative Design Working With Your Mep
PDF
Doing more with less
DOC
Resume Acc
Sbai value of commissioning
BDC Leed Commissioning Presentation
BDC LEED Cx Preso
Data Centers Commissioning
Phil Welker Commissioning
commissioning guideline
Chazapis Systems Commissioning Lessons.
Chazapis Systems Commissioning Lessons.
The Commissioning Process
EA credit 3
Egyps 2017 technical conference power point template
2010 uci douglas hospital team platinum award by bdc
VA Cx Presentation_SRE Training 2013 Final_v2
Design & Development in the Airship Industry
Major CAPEX Project Success Assurance-Best Practices and Lessons Learned
Integrative Design Working With Your Mep
Doing more with less
Resume Acc
Ad

More from Toronto 2030 District (20)

PDF
GBF2014 - Rob Thornton - Flexible, Local, Resilient Energy Generation
PDF
GBF2014 - James Voogt - Climate Change & Cities
PDF
GBF2014 - Glenn McGillivray - Cities in the Crosshairs
PDF
GBF2014 - Paul Dowsett - Resilient Design
PDF
GBF2014 - Alec Hay - Planning Climate Resilient Cities
PDF
Closing The Loops in Malmö, Sweden - Daniel Skog
PDF
Re-Energizing Our Cities: From District to Specific - Integral Group
PDF
Sustainable Cities through an Integrated Approach - Agneta Persson
PDF
Ampersand: A Sustainable Community - Robert Smith
PDF
An Emerging Water Management Paradigm - Dr. Khosrow Farabakhsh
PDF
What is "Model" Sustainability? UniverCity's Journey Toward Sustainability T...
PDF
B bach energy efficiency in obc2012
PPTX
Update on the Enbridge Savings By Design Program
PDF
Toronto Green Standard & Energy Efficiency
PDF
The Ins & Outs of Energy Efficiency in the Building Code
PDF
Stormwater Compliance
PDF
SB-10: The Envelope Ultimatum
PDF
National Energy Code for Buildings
PDF
Low-Impact Development from the Developer Perspective
PDF
Low-Impact Development Case Study Examples
GBF2014 - Rob Thornton - Flexible, Local, Resilient Energy Generation
GBF2014 - James Voogt - Climate Change & Cities
GBF2014 - Glenn McGillivray - Cities in the Crosshairs
GBF2014 - Paul Dowsett - Resilient Design
GBF2014 - Alec Hay - Planning Climate Resilient Cities
Closing The Loops in Malmö, Sweden - Daniel Skog
Re-Energizing Our Cities: From District to Specific - Integral Group
Sustainable Cities through an Integrated Approach - Agneta Persson
Ampersand: A Sustainable Community - Robert Smith
An Emerging Water Management Paradigm - Dr. Khosrow Farabakhsh
What is "Model" Sustainability? UniverCity's Journey Toward Sustainability T...
B bach energy efficiency in obc2012
Update on the Enbridge Savings By Design Program
Toronto Green Standard & Energy Efficiency
The Ins & Outs of Energy Efficiency in the Building Code
Stormwater Compliance
SB-10: The Envelope Ultimatum
National Energy Code for Buildings
Low-Impact Development from the Developer Perspective
Low-Impact Development Case Study Examples

Recently uploaded (20)

PPTX
Presentation.pptx anemia in pregnancy in
PPTX
Tenders & Contracts Works _ Services Afzal.pptx
PPTX
Entrepreneur intro, origin, process, method
PPTX
CLASSIFICATION OF YARN- process, explanation
PDF
UNIT 1 Introduction fnfbbfhfhfbdhdbdto Java.pptx.pdf
PPTX
UNIT III - GRAPHICS AND AUDIO FOR MOBILE
PDF
Architecture Design Portfolio- VICTOR OKUTU
PDF
2025_AIFG_Akane_Kikuchi_Empathy_Design.PDF
PDF
ART & DESIGN HISTORY OF VEDIC CIVILISATION.pdf
PPTX
Causes of Flooding by Slidesgo sdnl;asnjdl;asj.pptx
PPTX
LITERATURE CASE STUDY DESIGN SEMESTER 5.pptx
PDF
THEORY OF ID MODULE (Interior Design Subject)
PDF
Test slideshare presentation for blog post
PDF
Chalkpiece Annual Report from 2019 To 2025
PPTX
a group casestudy on architectural aesthetic and beauty
PDF
Urban Design Final Project-Context
PDF
intro_to_rust.pptx_123456789012446789.pdf
PPTX
DOC-20250430-WA0014._20250714_235747_0000.pptx
PPT
pump pump is a mechanism that is used to transfer a liquid from one place to ...
PPTX
VERNACULAR_DESIGN_PPT FINAL WITH PROPOSED PLAN.pptx
Presentation.pptx anemia in pregnancy in
Tenders & Contracts Works _ Services Afzal.pptx
Entrepreneur intro, origin, process, method
CLASSIFICATION OF YARN- process, explanation
UNIT 1 Introduction fnfbbfhfhfbdhdbdto Java.pptx.pdf
UNIT III - GRAPHICS AND AUDIO FOR MOBILE
Architecture Design Portfolio- VICTOR OKUTU
2025_AIFG_Akane_Kikuchi_Empathy_Design.PDF
ART & DESIGN HISTORY OF VEDIC CIVILISATION.pdf
Causes of Flooding by Slidesgo sdnl;asnjdl;asj.pptx
LITERATURE CASE STUDY DESIGN SEMESTER 5.pptx
THEORY OF ID MODULE (Interior Design Subject)
Test slideshare presentation for blog post
Chalkpiece Annual Report from 2019 To 2025
a group casestudy on architectural aesthetic and beauty
Urban Design Final Project-Context
intro_to_rust.pptx_123456789012446789.pdf
DOC-20250430-WA0014._20250714_235747_0000.pptx
pump pump is a mechanism that is used to transfer a liquid from one place to ...
VERNACULAR_DESIGN_PPT FINAL WITH PROPOSED PLAN.pptx

The Value of Building Commissioning

  • 1. BUILDING COMMISSIONING: The Value of Commissioning CaGBC Building Advisor Program October, 2012 John Kokko, P.Eng., CCP, LEED AP jkokko@enermodal.com 519-743-8777 x2424
  • 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES  What is building commissioning  What are the steps required by LEED  Why is it important  What results can we expect
  • 3. NEW BUILDING CX LEED Credits EAp1 – Fundamental Cx (Prerequisite)  Deals mainly with construction and getting the building operating before hand-over EAc3 - Enhanced Cx (Credit)  Deals with design and post occupancy operation
  • 4. WHAT IS NEW BUILD COMMISSIONING Definition: To bring a new project or facility on line ? ? ? Hands over a building that gives the owner what he paid for.
  • 5. NAME FROM SHIP BUILDING  A commissioned ship is one deemed ready for service.  Must pass several milestones.  Equipment is installed and tested, problems are identified and corrected, and staff are extensively trained.  A commissioned ship is one whose materials, systems, and staff have successfully completed a thorough quality assurance process.  Commissioned ship is one ready to sail safely and reliably
  • 6. VISION OF COMMISSIONING Take the owner’s needs and wants ► Ensure requirements properly articulated Through the minds of the consultants ► Ensure designs properly reflect OPR Through the hands of suppliers and contractors ► Ensure building is properly built Deliver a properly performing building ► Ensure all systems operate as intended
  • 7. BUILDING Cx = QC FOR CARS?  Similar to a QC process for cars  Note similarities in:  Work area  Tools  Assembly techniques  Workers’ responsibilities
  • 8. WHY IS COMMISSIONING NEEDED  Don’t the design and construction teams already do this?  Everyone wants to do a good job.  But two constrains: 1. Scope included with fees 2. Knowledge of the state-of-the-art  Low price generally gets the job  Designers responsible for code  Site review for conformance to drawings and specs  Not performance beyond obvious faults and complaints after the fact
  • 9. UP-TO-DATE KNOWLEDGE  Innovation moving extremely fast  Innovative equipment and systems are relatively unfamiliar to designers, contractors, operators and even manufacturers agents  Energy efficiency, integrated systems, imported design concepts and computerization have multiplied levels of complexity
  • 10. WHAT IS INNOVATION MULTIPLE MARRIED TECHNOLOGIES
  • 11. ADDED COMPLICATIONS  Radiant heating  Radiant cooling  Condensing boiler  Water-side economizer  Building automation systems
  • 12. INNOVATION INCREASING EXPONENTIALLY Direct and indirect evaporative cooling Optimum start Cascading PID loops Stratified thermal storage Daylighting control LON and BACnet Integration And on and on and on ….
  • 13. CONVENTIONAL COMMISSIONING • Start-up and basic check out of equipment • Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB) • Begins after systems in and ready for start-up • Verify individual components function as components • Performed by installing contractor or manufacturers rep
  • 14. TOTAL COMMISSIONING (LEED™) A systematic quality assurance program Starts at concept design and concludes at end of warranty Includes all phases concept design, detailed design, construction, start-up, 1 year operation Commissioning verifies energy performance and comfort maintenance
  • 15. TOTAL COMMISSIONING (LEED™)  Includes reviews  through all stages  Includes participation  of consultants, trades, O&M staff  Includes detailed reviews  design, shop draw, install  Expanded installation  verification and start-up checks  O&M documentation more centralized  Whole system performance vs. component checks
  • 16. COMMISSIONING COMPARISON TOTAL COMMISSIONING TRADITIONAL COMMISSIONING Concept Design Reviews No Cx. Consultant self-checks. Detailed Design Reviews No Cx. Consultant self-checks. Shop Drawing Reviews No Cx. Dwgs & specs met only. Site Installation Verification No Cx. Dwgs & specs met only. Equipment Start-Up Verification Contractor or Manufacturer only. No systems interoperability Balancing Verification No Cx. Contractor self-checks. Functional Performance Test No Cx. Contractor self-checks. Documentation and Operator No Cx. Contractor self-checks. Training Owner verifies acceptability. Trending and Seasonal FPT Contractor seldom returns Warranty and Occupant No Cx. Respond to complaints only. concerns
  • 17. VALUE OF Cx  Largest study to date  Mills, LBNL July 2009  http://cx.lbl.gov/2009-assessment.html  643 buildings, 26 US states  561 existing and 82 new buildings  37 Cx firms  99 M ft2, $2.2 B construct  90.4 M ft2 existing, 8.8 M ft2 new construction  $43 M Cx costs
  • 18. NEW BUILDING Cx MEDIANS  Cx cost, $1.16/ft2 or 0.4% of overall construct cost ($290/ft2) (Range $0.60 - $2.15)  Number of deficiencies identified, 3,528 (about 1/3 of projects reported deficiencies)  Energy savings 13% (Range 9% - 29%)  Payback time, 4.2 years (Range 1.7 to 11.4 yrs)
  • 19. AREAS OF BENEFIT  Construction Cost Savings  Equipment downsizing and trade-offs  Energy Savings - $0.05 to $0.45/ft2  Peak demand reductions  Maintenance and replacement costs reduced  Increased productivity and reduced liability  Indoor environmental quality maintenance  Carbon emissions reductions
  • 21. LEED Cx OUTLINE Design and Construction Phases EAp1 – Fundamental Cx EAc3 – Enhanced Cx Design Owner documents OPR Before 50% CD Owner designates CxA Construction Documents Designers incorporate Cx specs into CxA presents Cx Plan Construction Docs 50% CD CxA conducts 50% design review Post Contract Award Owner designates CxA CxA reviews shop drawings CxA presents Cx Plan Installation CxA performs/oversees installation verification Start-up CxA performs/oversees functional testing CxA reviews O&M Manuals CxA oversees staff training Substantial Completion CxA prepares Draft Final Report CxA prepares Systems Manual Post Construction CxA performs/oversees defered testing Occupancy CxA delivers Final Report CxA provides Warranty and occupant concerns review
  • 22. OWNER & DESIGN TEAM DOCUMENTATION Owners Project Requirements (OPR) ► Owner and User requirements ► Environmental sustainability goals ► Energy efficiency goals ► Indoor environmental quality requirements ► Equipment and systems expectations ► Building occupant & O&M personnel requirements Basis of Design (BoD) ► Primary design assumptions ► Standards ► Narrative descriptions
  • 23. Cx DURING DESIGN  Work with design team to define measurable energy and indoor environmental quality goals  Discuss alternatives to traditional design solutions  Provide support for unfamiliar technologies  Review to verify design meets objectives and technologies properly implemented  Review to verify equipment specified meets goals and objectives
  • 24. COMMON DESIGN ISSUES  No design target for energy use  Lighting power density not identified  No heat recovery  Condensing boilers not considered  Variable speed pumps and fans ECM motors not incorporated  20°F rather than 40°F design temp drop design used  Undersized piping and ductwork
  • 25. Cx PLAN  Overview of Cx Process  List of equipment and systems to be Cx  Cx Team and responsibilities  Management, Communication and Reporting Overview  Cx Process Overview (Outline above)  List of deliverables  Milestones
  • 26. Cx MEMBERS & RESPONSIBILITIES COMMISSIONING AGENT  Owner’s rep leading commissioning  Reviews and produces most paperwork  Directs testing  Ensures LEED™ requirements are met OWNER  Provide support as required to ensure Cx proceeds smoothly  FM Staff? Consultants  Provide documentation as required for review  Attend commissioning meetings as required
  • 27. Cx MEMBERS & RESPONSIBILITIES GENERAL CONTRACTOR ► Ensures contractors meet commissioning requirements M&E CONTRACTORS ► Completes start-up, installation verification lists ► Operates equipment for Performance Testing ► Produces O&M manuals, Provides owner training CONTROLS CONTRACTOR ► Operate controls for Performance Testing, produce O&M materials for controls
  • 28. Cx SPECIFICATIONS  Contractor responsibilities  Submittal review process  Meetings  IVC process  Start-up process  Balancing reviews  FPT process  O&M manuals requirements  Training requirements  Warranty review
  • 29. Cx DURING CONSTRUCTION  Verify equipment installed per drawings and specs, manuf’rs requirements and proper industry practice and standards  Verify equipment is, set-up, adjusted, balanced, controlled and operated to provide expected comfort and energy performance  Provide owner complete systems O&M docs  Provide owner’s operating personnel adequate training to understand, operate and maintain equipment
  • 30. COMMON INSTALLATION ISSUES  Coils piped backward  Maintenance access not provided  Pumps with shaft oriented improperly  Thermostats located adjacent to heating/cooling diffusers  Insulation missing  Sensors improperly located
  • 31. COMMON FUNCTIONAL TESTING ISSUES  Controls functions not matching sequence  VFDs do not modulate  Outdoor damper minimum position  Control valve action reversed
  • 32. TRAINING TOPICS  General purpose of system  Use of O&M manuals  Operation of systems under all conditions  Interaction with other systems  Adjustments and optimization for efficiency  Health and safety  Special maintenance and replacement resources  Occupant interaction  Controls training
  • 33. SYSTEMS MANUAL  Final BoD  System single line diagrams  As-Built sequences, set-points, etc.  System operating instructions  Maintenance schedule  Retesting schedule
  • 34. Cx AFTER OCCUPANCY  Follow trends on BAS to ensure ongoing operation  Completion of deficiencies remaining after construction  Follow-up on warranty issues arising  Follow up on occupant concerns during warranty and first year occupancy  Verify that issues are cleaned up by the end of warranty
  • 35. FINAL REPORT  OPR  Design and shops review summary  Cx specifications  IVC results  FPT results  O&M evaluation  Value achieved through Cx  Outstanding issues
  • 36. MULTI-FUNTION AHU DESIGN ISSUES  Dehumidifying only outdoor air reduces size of equipment and increases efficiency of equipment  Using heat recovery to reduce load on cooling coil  Using indirect evaporative cooler to increase HX eff’y humidity carried outdoors
  • 37. MULTI-FUNCTION AHU  INSTALLATION ISSUES  No radiation shield on sensor by flame  No maintenance access to some sensors  Installation of single point sensor where averaging required  Reset button set tight and vibration causing unit to cut out  Overloads not set properly
  • 38. BOILERS DESIGN ISSUES  No check valves would required both boilers operate in parallel  Independent controllers would not have been coordinated  Primary only loop with DHW would have required continuous minimum 160F
  • 39. BOILER INSTALLATION ISSUES  Water treatment eliminated by aluminum boiler manufacturer. But piping not protected  OA reset not programmed because tech believed it would not save energy  Control sensor located in single boiler supply rather than common header
  • 40. RETIREMENT RESIDENCE HVAC SYSTEM  Ground loop coupled distributed heat pumps with supplemental gas-fired heating.  One AHU with heat recovery and HP htg/clg for fresh air distribution to corridors and common areas  One AHU with WLHP htg/clg for Kitchen  Individual HRVs for ventilation and WLHPs for htg/clg in each room
  • 41. RETIREMENT HOME DESIGN ISSUES  Heat injection before rather than after ground loop  Moved to eliminate boiler heating ground  HX between building loop and ground loop removed  Reduced capital cost and increased efficiency
  • 42. RETIREMENT HOME Cont’d  Dedicated DHW heaters simplified boiler loop controls, allowed summer shutdown and allowed primary loop OA reset and condensing  Cascading different temperature loops ensured cold return water temps  40°F temp rise drop reduced pipe and pump sizing
  • 43. AIR HANDLER SHOP DRAWING REVIEW FINDINGS 1. 3 re-submittals of heat wheel shop drawings required before a workable defrost strategy provided. 2. Shop drawing coil performance based on water while system will used propylene glycol. 3. Coils have greater air-side and water-side pressure drops than specified. 4. Controls sequences were carbon copy of engineer’s general wording rather than converting to specifics that can be programmed.  Heat wheel, heating coil and cooling coils shall be sequenced to provide energy efficient operation
  • 44. SERVICES and REPAIR BUILDING HVAC SYSTEM  Ground Source Heat Pump  Radiant floor heating  Dedicated outdoor air ventilation with heat recovery  Supplemental fan coils for cooling
  • 45. SERVICE and REPAIR BUILDING HVAC System
  • 46. SMALL SERVICES BUILDING Functional Testing  System relied on heat pump circulator but never programmed to operate when heat pump off  PID loops needed tuning to provide stable operation  Radiant floor valve found with wire not connected leaving valve open and space overheating
  • 47. SERVICE AND REPAIR BUILDING CASE STUDY FUNCTIONAL TEST  Storage room hot, office cool. Found crossed floor loops. Office t’stat controlling floor heat in storage room. Loops not labelled  Heat pump constantly tripping. Supplier blamed system but did not measure any parameters. Cx measurements showed water flows ok. Heat pump diagnostics finally found faulty TX valve and low refrigerant.  Controls are probably the single most important item in ensuring successful system operation for comfort and energy savings.  CC programmed system heating water temps lower than specified because this works better  Improperly programmed 24 hr moving average outdoor temp caused the system to flip-flop between heating and cooling
  • 48. REAL PERFORMANCE What is the energy use of typical buildings? 800 700 600 Annual Energy 500 400 ekWh/m2 300 200 100 0 All data (except GoG) from  NRCan Survey (CIBEUS, 2000). All Bldgs  C&I Accom  Offices  Offices  GoG (ON) (ON) (ON) (CAN)
  • 49. RETIREMENT RESIDENCE A Actual Performance 300 250 Annual Energy 200 ekWh/m2 150 100 50 Simulated Floor Area = 5348 m2 Actual 0 Dec '04 (SL) Nov '05 (SL) Nov '05 (CBIP) Jul '06 (Review) Apr '07 to Mar '08
  • 50. RETIREMENT RESIDENCE B Actual Performance 250 200 Annual Energy ekWh/m2 150 100 50 Floor Area = 11702 m2 Simulated Actual 0 Aug '04 (SL) Feb '06 (CBIP) Aug '06 (Review) Aug '07 to Feb '08
  • 51. LABORATORY BUILDING Actual Performance 500 Simulated Actual 400 Annual Energy ekWh/m2 300 200 100 Floor Area = 9350 m2 0 Aug '04 (SL) Aug '06 (CBIP) Feb '07 (Review) Dec '07 to Feb '08 Mar to May '08
  • 52. COMPARISON Actual energy use compared to typical buildings 800 700 600 Annual 500 Energy ekWh/m2 400 300 200 100 0 All Bldgs  C&I Accom  Offices  Offices  GoG VA Building SSJ Building KPHQ Building TRCA Building (ON) (ON) (ON) (CAN) A B C D
  • 53. MMM Group Limited 100 Commerce Valley Drive West Thornhill, ON Canada L3T 0A1 t: 905.882.1100 | f: 905.882.0055 e: mmm@mmm.ca