this contain engineering design with capstone
- 1. Capstone Design I - 492 Engineering Design Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering
- 2. What is Engineering Design; why is it important? Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering
- 3. Definition (Web Samples) • The systematic and creative application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems. – www.doe.mass.edu • Is the creative, iterative and often open-ended process of Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Is the creative, iterative and often open-ended process of conceiving and developing components, systems and processes. Design requires the integration of engineering, basic and mathematical sciences. A designer works under constraints, taking into account economic, health and safety, social and environmental factors, codes of practice and applicable laws. – www.ee.wits.ac.za/~ecsa/gen/g-04.htm
- 4. Definition (ABET) • Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. – It is a decision-making process (often iterative), in which the basic science and mathematics and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective – Among the fundamental elements of the design process are the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing and evaluation • Taken (and edited) from http://en.wikipedia.org
- 5. ABET Design Component Features • The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features: – Development of student creativity – Use of open-ended problems – Development and use of modern design theory and methodology – Formulation of design problem statements and specification – Consideration of alternative solutions Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – Consideration of alternative solutions – Feasibility considerations – Production processes – Concurrent engineering design, and – Detailed system description • Further it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints, such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics and social impact
- 6. Engineering Design Steps (ABET) • This process can be divided up into a ten-step process, which includes: – Identifying a need – Defining the problem – Conducting research – Narrowing the research Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – Narrowing the research – Analyzing set criteria – Finding alternative solutions – Analyzing possible solutions – Making a decision – Presenting the product – Communicating and selling the product
- 7. Identifying A Need • Engineers themselves often do not do this step of the process, but rather society discovers a need and then presents that need to the engineering firm/community • The term “need” is fairly vague, but often refers to Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • The term “need” is fairly vague, but often refers to desire or shortage of a good • This “need” can sometimes be considered a necessity to some people but a luxury for others
- 8. Defining The Problem • Engineers must appropriately define the problem first in order to find an acceptable solution to it or improve it • Question Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Question – What is the first step in “defining a problem”?
- 9. Defining The Problem (continued) • Identify client (or customer) • Confer extensively with the client concerning the problem – Put yourself in the client’s shoes; try to learn as much as you can about the business, process, people, … whatever it is that is experiencing the problem – This will help you to fully define the problem • The key to this step is to listen. You may know more Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • The key to this step is to listen. You may know more about technology than the client, but he or she knows much more about his/her problem • Don’t be afraid to go back and ask the client questions – The better you understand the problem, the better your solution will be – When you think you fully understand the problem, write a statement describing the client’s problem in detail and get him or her to review the statement and agree
- 10. Conducting Research • Most of a productive engineer’s time will be spent locating, applying, and transferring information • In order for an engineer to solve a problem, they first must be well acquainted with as much Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering first must be well acquainted with as much information possible, which in turn produce a better solution • First we have to look at the types of information available
- 11. Conducting Research (continued) • Questions to be asked are: – What has been written about it? – Is something already on the market that may solve the problem? – What is wrong with the way it is being done? – What is right with the way it is being done? Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – What is right with the way it is being done? – Who manufactures the current ‘solution’? – How much does it cost? – Will people pay for a better one if it cost more? – How much will they pay (or how bad is the problem)?” • All these questions help us get a better grasp on the problem at hand
- 12. Conducting Research (continued) • Another major part of this research step is determining the source of information • It is the engineers’ job to sift through all of the gathered research and decide what is relevant Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • One source available is an already existing solution • Reverse engineering is an effective learning technique if other “solutions” are available on the market – Is this ethical?
- 13. Conducting Research (continued) • Effective sources of information include the Internet, local libraries, available government documents, personal organizations, trade journals, vendor catalogs and individual experts available Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • It is very important to record these findings in a bibliography so that it is easy to find the information at a later date
- 14. Narrowing The Research • Up to this point, the problem research and definition has been kept broad to allow for a large amount of possible solutions • Now is the time to put some constraints Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Now is the time to put some constraints • Constraints are necessary because they eliminate any extreme solutions that would be inefficient, costly, and physically impossible to create
- 15. Analyzing Set Criteria • Solutions are compared on a qualitative basis such as appearance, durability and cost • The importance of each characteristic must be Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • The importance of each characteristic must be agreed upon the team of engineers in order to find the best reasonable solutions to the problem
- 16. Finding Alternative Solutions • Alternative solutions are examined, pros and cons are considered • May create a checklist of characteristics of the possible solutions and decide what could be Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering possible solutions and decide what could be changed to better the final result • “Brainstorming” is a great way to decide what is good about the solution and what could be changed to better the solution
- 17. Analyzing Possible Solutions • To find the best solution, analyze all possible alternative solutions to determine their potential – Condense the possible solutions – Analyze the potential performance of the solution to determine if the solution is physically possible Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering determine if the solution is physically possible
- 18. Making A Decision • Some decisions are easily made through analyzing and constraining from the previous steps, but at other times the decision on which solution to choice can be close to impossible – Often engineers can come up with impeccable solutions, detailing the strengths and weaknesses of all solutions, but in the end cannot Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering strengths and weaknesses of all solutions, but in the end cannot make the decision of which is better on their own – What makes decision making so tough is the trade offs of choosing one solution over the other • Attempt/desire to “over engineer” a solution • A crucial tool is to have the objective for the problem and important criteria clear in mind
- 19. Presenting The Product • Clearly define the solution • Details about the product can be given visually through sketches – It’s important to have accurate sketches in order to Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – It’s important to have accurate sketches in order to describe your ideas to technicians and drafters • Successful engineers have to communicate accurately through written, spoken and graphical languages in order to develop and interpret specifications
- 20. Communicating And Selling The Product • In the end, the engineer is going to have to sell the design of the product – Have to sell and explain the product in a persuading manner • This can be done by a written report containing possibly: – a cover page, abstract, table of contents, body, conclusions, Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – a cover page, abstract, table of contents, body, conclusions, recommendations, and appropriate appendices • Another way of communicating the new product is through an oral presentation where: – the speaker is prepared, has good posture, makes good eye contact and projects their voice; the presentation has to be targeted for the audience and not be overwhelming or confusing
- 21. Engineering Project Management Tools Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering
- 22. Scope of Engineering Project Management Tools • Basic purpose: – Assign and manage project resources – Simplify management of complex projects • Example resources – People Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – People – Time – Money – Other resources (software, hardware, etc.)
- 23. Tasks of project management software • Scheduling – One of the most common tasks is to schedule a series of events – Some common challenges include: • Events which depend on one another • Scheduling people to work on the various tasks • Dealing with uncertainties in the duration of each task Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Arranging tasks to meet various deadlines • Calculating critical path – In complex projects, there will be a critical path whose duration directly determines the length of the entire project – Knowledge of this path is useful for finding early warning of any risks to the project – Some software applications can highlight these tasks, which are often a good candidate for any optimization effort
- 24. Applications of Project Management Software • Project management – Overall project requirements, tasks, timelines, etc. • Collaborative software – Useful when multiple people work (simultaneously) on a project • Version control software – Useful in tracking changes in project components where a Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – Useful in tracking changes in project components where a collaborative system is used for the project • Issue tracking system – Locating/documenting problems in a design • Bugzilla is a Web-based general-purpose bug-tracker tool originally developed and used by the Mozilla project
- 25. Projects in this course (depends on advisor) • Implement some type of version control system for hardware/software developed – May be a simple as required documentation of changes made to code at the beginning of a file (or a separate change log) Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Use of Microsoft Project to manage project tasks, timelines, milestones, etc.
- 26. Team Roles -- • Leader Provides structure and guidance to allow maximum participation Prepares for each meeting • Recorder Writes down all ideas and material generated during a meeting Maintains and distributes written material • Encourager Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Encourager Makes sure everyone gets positive recognition for contributions • Gatekeeper Make sure all members are participating • Devil’s Advocate Makes sure that opposing ideas are brought up and discussed • Timer Makes sure that team stays on time budget for various tasks
- 27. Stages Of Team Development • Forming – Tentative interactions, concern over ambiguity, self-disclosure • Storming – Criticism of ideas, poor attendance, hostility, polarization, coalition forming • Norming Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering • Norming – Agreement on procedures, reduction in role ambiguity, increased feeling of “team” • Performing – Decision making, problem solving, mutual cooperation
- 28. Strategies For Team Operation • Assign team roles – Rotate roles • Be an active listener • Be positive, supportive, & cooperative – Limit negative comments; give constructive criticism Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – Limit negative comments; give constructive criticism • Be brief and concise in discussions – Avoid lengthy comments and stories; stay focused • Attend all sessions and be on time • Show respect for the contribution of others • Share responsibility for the team’s progress and success
- 29. Strategies For Team Operation • Assign team roles – Rotate roles • Be an active listener • Be positive, supportive, & cooperative – Limit negative comments; give constructive criticism Engineering Design Electrical & Computer Engineering – Limit negative comments; give constructive criticism • Be brief and concise in discussions – Avoid lengthy comments and stories; stay focused • Attend all sessions and be on time • Show respect for the contribution of others • Share responsibility for the team’s progress and success