Three Dimensional Printing Scheme Presentation
- 1. 3D BioPrinting Overview Center for Research and Education on Aging (CREA) UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Andrew Preecha, Rita Barakat, Monica Wan, and Steven Tan
- 2. The Science of Tissue Engineering "
- 3. Tissue Development • The primary goal of tissue engineering is to attempt to simulate a physiological environment in order to promote cell or tissue growth. • This can be achieved through the use of physical and chemical cues and stimuli. • Maintenance of tissues via incubation in a highly nutritive and oxygenative environment is essential, thus bioreactor devices are often utilized.
- 4. Scaffolding • Scaffolds allow for cell attachment and migration, via the similar/ same mechanisms as the endogenous (in vivo) environment. • They allow for efficient delivery and retention of cells and biochemical factors important for cell growth and survival. • They enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients and genetically-expressed protein products. • Perhaps the most unique property of scaffolds is that they exert certain mechanical and biological influences to modify the behaviour of the cell phase (i.e. a mechanical force that results in a unique developmental state of a cell). • Scaffolds are often comprised of materials that emulate (synthetic) or comprise (natural) the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of the target tissue
- 6. Hydrogels • In order to support cell growth and maintenance during and post-printing, cells must be immersed in a biocompatible and partially-viscous media. This media, typically a hydrated gel, or hydrogel compound, can be incorporated into the scaffold material and/or can be printed with the cells onto the scaffold, and is separable from the cell-scaffold structure. • Some common hydrogels used for tissue engineering/ culturing and printing purposes are: Agarose Gelatin Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Alginate Collagen
- 7. Three-Dimensional Printing • 3D Printing techniques have become incredibly abundant in industry and product development, and the potential applications for these high-throughput systems in clinical drug testing, prosthesis and transplantation, and regenerative medicine show great promise for increased efficiency. • Some common three-dimensional biological printing schemes used today are: Inkjet printer methods Co-axial air/ liquid-flow guidance Syringe extrusion methods
- 8. Outline of the BioPrinting Process
- 9. The state of the field today Some of the “BIG” questions being asked by researchers today are: ❏How to grow and culture large surface areas and volumes of tissue? ❏How to achieve cellularly diverse tissues? ❏How to achieve high spatial and temporal complexity of the tissues? ❏How to maintain cell viability and provide oxygen/ nutrients in vitro?
- 10. Our Proposal (in brief) • We hope to develop a scaffold that closely resembles the physical and mechanical properties of the ECM of flesh, namely muscle, bone, as well as fibrous and connective tissues. • We aim to incorporate the selective properties of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) to guide different types of cells to different parts of the matrix in which they are being extruded. • To accomplish this formidable task, we will need to create a device that performs to a specified tolerance (in order to maintain cell viability during and after the printing process) for spatial resolution for cell placement. • Finally, we aim to implement an additive manufacture scheme to achieve three-dimensionality of the engineered tissues.
Editor's Notes
- #3: "Tissue engineering english" by HIA - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tissue_engineering_english.jpg#/media/File:Tissue_engineering_english.jpg
- #6: “How does BioPrinting work?” http://www.arxterra.com/how-does-bioprinting-work/