1) The document discusses several key properties of human language including arbitrariness, duality, productivity, cultural transmission, and displacement. 2) It defines these properties and explains how they are uniquely present in human language compared to animal communication systems. For example, duality refers to language having two levels of structure - meaningless sounds that combine to form meaningful units. 3) Several properties are described as "significant" because they are uniquely part of human language, like displacement which allows referring to things removed from the present context. This highlights what makes human language distinct from communication in other species.