MongoDB by Tonny
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The document covers the concepts of replication and sharding in MongoDB, detailing how replication increases data availability and sharding allows for scaling large datasets across multiple servers. It provides step-by-step instructions for implementing both processes, including setting up replica sets and configuring shards. Key components such as the primary and secondary servers in replication, as well as the role of shard keys in sharding, are also discussed.
MongoDB by Tonny
- 1. @agatestudio Replication and Sharding on MongoDB Tonny K Publishing Agate Studio
- 2. @agatestudio CONTENT Introduction Replication • Replication: Concepts • Replication: How to Sharding • Sharding: Concepts • Sharding: How to
- 3. @agatestudio Introduction • Replication increases data availability With multiple copies of data on different database servers, replication protects a database from the loss of a single server • Sharding addresses the challenge of scaling to support large data sets As the size of the data increases, a single machine may not be sufficient to store the data. With Sharding we can distribute data across multiple servers
- 4. @agatestudio Replication: Concepts • Replication is the process of synchronizing data across multiple servers • You can use replication to increase read capacity • Provide high availability using automatic failover
- 5. Replication: Concepts• Replica set Members – Primary: accepts all write operations from clients – Secondary: maintains a copy of the primary’s data set.
- 6. Replication: Concepts• Automatic Failover The loss of a primary triggers an election where one of the secondaries becomes the new primary
- 7. @agatestudio Replication: How to 1. Install MongoDB – # yum install mongo-10gen mongo-10gen-server 2. Configure – port = 27017 – bind_ip = 192.168.56.107 – dbpath = /srv/mongodb/ – fork = true – replSet = rs1 3. Start Instances – # mongod --config /etc/mongodb.conf 4. Connect To Instance – $ mongo <host> 5. Initiate and Add Replica set member – rs.initiate() – rs.add("<hostname>:<port>") – rs.conf()
- 8. @agatestudio Sharding: Concepts • Sharding is the process of storing data records across multiple machines • Sharding reduces the amount of data that each server needs to store • MongoDB distributes data, or shards, at the collection level • Sharding partitions a collection’s data by the shard key.
- 9. @agatestudio Sharding: Concepts • Shard Key – A shard key is either an indexed field or an indexed compound field that exists in every document in the collection – MongoDB divides the shard key values into chunks and distributes the chunks evenly across the shards
- 10. Sharding: Concepts • Data Partitioning – Range Based Sharding – Hash Based Sharding
- 11. Sharding: Concepts • Components – Router routes the reads and writes from applications to the shards – Config Server holds metadata about the cluster – Shard holds a subset of a collection’s data
- 12. Sharding: Concepts • Maintaining a Balanced Data Distribution ChunkMigration Chunk Splitting
- 13. @agatestudio Sharding: How to 1. Create Data directory for each Config Server & start instances – mkdir /data/configdb – mongod --configsvr --dbpath <path> --port <port> 2. Start Router (mongos instance) – mongos --configdb <config server hostnames> 3. Connect To Mongos Instance – mongo --host <hostname> --port <port> 4. Add each shard to the cluster – sh.addShard( "mongodb0.example.net:27017" ) 5. Enable Sharding for A Database – sh.enableSharding("<database>") 6. Enable Sharding for Collections – sh.shardCollection("<database>.<collection>", shard-key-pattern)
- 14. THANK YOU