Topic 1 - Introduction to Networking.pptx
- 1. UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM Networking & Communications 1 - Lecture Topic 1: Introduction to Networking
- 2. Objectives Students completing this module should be able to perform tasks related to the following: • Understand the physical connection that has to take place for a computer to connect to the Internet • Recognize the components that comprise the computer • Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and modems • Use basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection • Demonstrate a basic understanding of the use of Web browsers and plug-ins • Recognize the Base 10, Base 2, and Base 16 number systems • Perform 8-bit binary to decimal and decimal to 8-bit binary conversions • Perform simple conversions between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numbers • Recognize the binary representation of IP addresses and
- 3. Requirements for Internet Connection A physical connection is made by connecting a specialized expansion card such as a modem or a network interface card (NIC) from a computer (PC) to a network. The logical connection uses standards called protocols. The application that interprets the data and displays the information in an understandable form is the last part of the connection.
- 4. PC Basics - Small, Discrete Components • Transistor – Device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit. • Integrated circuit (IC) – Device made of semiconductor material that contains many transistors and performs a specific task. • Resistor – Device made of material that opposes the flow of electric current. • Capacitor – Electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field that consists of two conducting metal plates separated by an insulating material. • Connector – The part of a cable that plugs into a port or
- 5. PC Basics • The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is also known as the mainboard or logic board. • A network processor is an integrated circuit which has a feature set specifically targeted at the networking application domain.
- 6. PC Basics An expansion slot refers to any of the slots on a motherboard that can hold an expansion card to expand the computer's functionality, like a video card, network card, or sound card.
- 7. Network Interface Cards A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network.
- 8. NIC and Modem Installation When selecting a NIC, consider the following factors: • Protocols – Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI • Types of media – Twisted-pair, coaxial, wireless, or fiberoptic • Type of system bus – PCI or ISA • A modem, or modulator/demodulator, is a device that provides the computer with connectivity to a telephone line.
- 9. High-Speed and Dialup Connectivity
- 11. Testing Connectivity with Ping The ping command works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request for a reply.
- 12. Web Browser and Plug-Ins • plug-in applications - These applications work in conjunction with the browser to launch the program required to view the following special files: • Flash – plays multimedia files, which was created by Macromedia Flash • Quicktime – plays video files, which was created by Apple
- 14. Binary Number System The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is the most commonly used code for representing alpha-numeric data in a computer
- 15. Bits and Bytes
- 16. Base 10 (Decimal) Numbers • The decimal number system is based on powers of 10. • Each column position of a value, from right to left, is multiplied by the number 10, which is the base number, raised to a power, which is the exponent. • The power that 10 is raised to depends on its
- 17. Base 2 (Binary) Numbers • Binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one). • 101102 = (1 x 24 = 16) + (0 x 23 = 0) + (1 x 22 = 4) + (1 x 21 = 2) + (0 x 20 = 0) =
- 18. Converting Decimal numbers to 8-bit Binary Numbers
- 19. Converting 8-bit Binary Numbers to Decimal Numbers
- 20. Four-Octet Dotted-decimal Representation of 32-Bit Binary Numbers Currently, (IP) addresses assigned to computers on the Internet are 32-bit binary numbers. To make it easier to work with these addresses, the 32-bit binary number is broken into a series of decimal numbers. To do this, split the binary number into four groups of eight binary digits. Then convert each group of eight bits, also
- 21. Hexadecimal
- 22. Hexadecimal
- 23. Boolean or Binary Logic Boolean logic is based on digital circuitry that accepts one or two incoming voltages. Based on the input voltages, output voltage is generated. For the purpose of computers the voltage difference is associated as two states, on or off. These two states are in turn associated as a 1
- 24. IP Addresses and Network Masks • Performing a Boolean AND of the IP address 10.34.23.134 and the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 produces the network address of this host: 10.34.23.134 00001010.00100010.00010111.10000110 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 10.0.0.0 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000 • Converting the result to dotted decimal, 10.0.0.0 is the network portion of the IP address, when using the 255.0.0.0 mask.
- 25. Summary
- 26. Reference/s: McReynolds S, Networking Basics CCNA 1 Labs and Study Guide Copyright 2012, Cisco Systems, Inc. ISBN: 1-58713-187-0 Data Communications and Networking (Fourth Edition) Online Learning Center, MC Grawhill By Behrouz A. Forouzan, Sophia Chung Fegan Copyright 2007 Andrew Tanenbaum. Computer Networks. Fourth Edition. Pearson Education, Inc., Prentice Hall PTR, copyright 2003