Topic 3 Listening Skills 3
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1) The document discusses various aspects of listening skills including recognizing a speaker's mood, tone, attitude, and communicative strategies. 2) Mood, tone, and attitude can be identified through verbal and nonverbal cues like intonation, pace, volume, and pitch. These factors influence the speaker's intent and meaning. 3) Effective communicative strategies include stating objectives clearly, allowing time for responses, and minimizing misinterpretations to facilitate interactive discussions.
Topic 3 Listening Skills 3
- 1. Topic 3 Listening Skills 3
- 2. Objectives: Recognise speaker’s mood, tone and attitude Identify and discuss communication strategies used by a speaker Identify the para-linguistic features, hesitation and redundantly
- 3. How do you recognise the speaker’s mood, tone and attitude? Mood The speech behaviour is continuously accompanied and supplemented by various verbal and non-verbal means and emotions. Mood: happy or angry, anxious, worried or upset, bored or eager, impressed or wanting to impress Influence our communication
- 4. Tone Expressive power gives positive effect on natural speech Vary intonation, pace volume and pitch to emphasize significant points beyond words and syntax It can i) clarify intent and point of view ii) sharpen impact iii) provide background and emotional tone (sarcasm and irony) iv) alter meaning Eg: beautiful…clever…etc Speech is interactive and can be altered based on audience’s responses Expression or intonation can be contradicting Expression or intonation can also reinforce words , creating emphasis and clarity
- 5. Attitude Acknowledged as making an important contribution to the meanings – utterances Epistemic markers, facticity, irony, politeness, reported speech, sarcasm – link to speaker attitude Sometimes employing attitudinal categories – challenging, surprised, sad, involvement and uncertainty (intonation contours)
- 6. Communicative strategies Assist in planning site-related communication with other people or counterparts Good communicative strategies can improve interactive nature of communication & help in receiving information from target audience Also maximizes shared information and minimize misinterpretations
- 7. Why What Who When Where How Stating observation Stating objections, Expressing opposition And conflicting views Changing one’s stand Used to expediate the flow of information in sudden and Unfolding event.
- 8. Observation is done on purpose or purposes If the issues discussed concern the listeners, it is considered as meaningful It affects and influence the speaker’s responses It can be seen by the way the speaker expresses his oppositions or the conflicting views It can also affect the speaker’s stand
- 9. Identifying Para-linguistics features, hesitation and redundancy Communicative language tools – the components learners need in order to actually use language Effective language user/communicator – wider range of tools, pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, para-linguistics features, hesitation and redundancy (speaking sub skills)
- 10. Paralinguistics features Facial expression Head movements Hand gestures Eye movements Eye gaze Enhance fluency and as a tool that can be used when all other language tools have failed
- 11. Hesitations and Pauses Necessary and natural Humans need time to think when they are talking Fillers – uhm, er, uh, umm - okay, you know, well, so, etc Makes communication more natural
- 12. Redundancy Important to shield a message from possible flaws in transmission (unclarity, ambiguity, noise) Can be used intentionally, positive artistic or rhetorical effect, humorous, non-manipulative purposes Redundancy to a specific context, or dependent on the assumption of background knowledge Tautology – phrases that repeat the meaning with different words Eg: “an added bonus”, “and plus”, “end result”, “free gift”, “future plans”, “hot water heater”, “unconfirmed rumor”, “killed him dead”, “past history”, “safe heaven” Pleonasm – any unnecessary words (or word parts) dialect usage of technically unnecessary parts Eg: “of off vs “off”, “onto” vs “on”, “know that it happened” vs “know it happened” etc Can also take the form of semantic redundancies
- 13. Sometimes redundancies take the form of foreign words repeated in the context eg: places – “Sahara Desert” Status of a word as pleonastic depends on context Some redundant expressions are not usually redundant Look at examples on page 40
- 14. TEST 1 In what way can mood influences one’s language? High tone is usually related to ………… and low tone is related to …………. How do you relate tone to one’s mood? Can attitude be excluded from one’s conversation?
- 15. TEST 2 Explain why knowledge about language (grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary) is not enough to ensure a successful communication How and why do you plan your communication strategy? Why do we hesitate during conversation and what are the common fillers we use?