TORQUE IN ORTHODONTICS (short PPT) basic
- 1. TORQUE IN ORTHODONTICS Presented by – Dr. Kangjam Sylvia MDS 2nd year
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Importance of Torque Biomechanics in Torque Torque expression in slot 0.018 and 0.022 Torque clearance Types of Torque Factors affecting Torque Torque in face and base Torque in different technique Conclusion References 2
- 4. Why? When? How? Erman D. Rauch. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. AJODO Volume 1959 Nov (817 - 830).
- 5. IMPORTANCE OF TORQUE EFFECT ON APICAL BASES EFFECT ON TEETH SMILE ESTHETICS TORQUE AND ROOT RESORPTION Erman D. Rauch. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. AJODO Volume 1959 Nov (817 - 830). 5
- 6. BIOMECHANICS IN TORQUE • Torque or root movement • The centre of rotation of tooth • M/F ratio Erman D. Rauch. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. AJODO Volume 1959 Nov (817 - 830). 6
- 7. According to Nanda, • M/F = 5/1 uncontrolled tipping • M/F = 7/1 controlled tipping • M/F = 10/1 translation • M/F = 12/1 root torque Erman D. Rauch. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. AJODO Volume 1959 Nov (817 - 830). 7
- 8. TORQUE EXPRESSION IN 0.018 SLOT AND 0.022 SLOT 0.017×0.025 inch 0.019×0.025 inch SHORTCOMING of 0.018 slot • Torque prescription more conservative • Limitation in choice of wires • Not efficient in sliding mechanics ADVANTAGE of 0.022 slot • More stiff wire • Choice of alignment wires • Sliding mechanics – more effective in space closure Anterior tooth morphology and its effect on torque M. van Loenen, J. Degrieck, G. De Pauw and L. Dermaut. European Journal of Orthodontics 27 (2005) 258–262 8
- 9. TORQUE CLEARANCE Arch wire inches stst Amount of play 0.016×0.022 16-18 degree 0.017×0.025 13-14 degree 0.019×0.025 6-8 degree 0.021×0.025 2-3 degree Erman D. Rauch. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. AJODO Volume 1959 Nov (817 - 830). 9
- 10. TYPES OF TORQUE PASSIVE TORQUE Torque that incorporated into the rectangular arch wire to accomodate for position of the tubes and or brackets on the buccal and labial surface of the teeth. ACTIVE TORQUE Torque that placed into the rectangular arch wire either to correct the axial inclination of the teeth or as a anchorage preparation 10
- 11. TYPES OF ACTIVE TORQUE ACTIVE LABIAL TORQUE • Torque in anterior segment • Crown to move labially and root palatally • Intrusion and retraction of anteriors PROGRESSIVE TORQUE • Torque in buccal segment • Correction of buccal crossbite ACTIVE ROOT THRUST • Buccal segment of arch wire • Thrust the root against the buccal cortex • Form of anchorage re- enforcement 11
- 12. FACTORS AFFECTING TORQUE 12 Anterior tooth morphology and its effect on torque M. van Loenen, J. Degrieck, G. De Pauw and L. Dermaut. European Journal of Orthodontics 27 (2005) 258–262 Shape of wire Size of wire Materials used Bracket material Mode of ligation Bracket height Loop design
- 13. TORQUE IN FACE VS BASE 13 • The Torque In the base allows the slot of the fully programmed bracket target correctly on the crown’s mid transverse plane •Torque in the face causes occluso gingival variation in the placement of slot point over mid transverse plane Lawrence F. Andrews. Straight-Wire The Concept and Appliance. L.A. Wells Co., 1989.
- 14. TORQUE IN DIFFERENT TECHNIQUE 14 EDGEWISE APPLIANCE BEGG’S APPLIANC E STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE ROTH MBT SELF LIGATING SYSTEM ALEXANDER DISCIPLINE BUTTERFLY SYSTEM
- 15. TORQUE IN EDGEWISE APPLIANCE 15 With edgewise third-order mechanics
- 16. TORQUE IN BEGG’S APPLIANCE 16 • The four spur type auxiliary • Pre – wound/rat trap type • Kitchton’s torquing auxiliary • Single root torque by Kesling • Reciprocal torquing auxiliary • Reverse torquing • Mollenhauer’s aligning auxiliary DIFFERENT TYPES OF TORQUING AUXILIARY P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 17. • 0.012” Premium Plus wire THE FOUR SPUR TYPE AUXILIARY • 5mm length • 1mm short from the gum • 0 degree inclination to the occlusal plane • Angulated midway • Force increase with decrease in the diameter in the circle P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977. 17
- 18. PRE-WOUND/RAT TRAP TYPE 18 • Dr. Begg in early 1950s • Simpler to apply • Deliver large amount of force through a greater range of movement P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 19. KITCHTON’S TORQUING AUXILIARY 19 Torque force on the anterior teeth 0.016 inch wire 2 types – small and large Small – delivers gentle lingual root torque Large – greater force P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 20. ROOT TORQUE BY KESLING 20 • Upper premolar which needs buccal root torque P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 21. RECIPROCAL TORQUING AUXILIARY 21 • used in cases where two adjacent teeth require root torque in opposite directions. • The 'Spec' auxiliary could be used for controlling the root movements during the first and second stages if made in lighter 0.009" or 0.010" size wires P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 22. REVERSE TORQUING AUXILIARY 22 • for controlling the roots of canines or pre- molars design in the 1987 • for the labial root movement of a palatally impacted maxillary canine • An offset placed in auxiliary to bypass the main wire rotated by 180 degree for activating it P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 23. MOLLENHAUER’S ALIGNING AUXILIARY(MAA) 23 P .R. Begg , Peter Kesling. Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique. 3rd edition ,1977.
- 24. TORQUE IN STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE 24 -9 ° -9 ° -7 ° -7 ° -7 ° +3 ° +7 ° Upper 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -35 ° -30 ° -22 ° -17 ° -11 ° -1 ° -1 ° Lower Lawrence F. Andrews. Straight-Wire The Concept and Appliance. L.A. Wells Co., 1989.
- 25. WAGON WHEEL EFFECT Lawrence F. Andrews. Straight-Wire The Concept and Appliance. L.A. Wells Co., 1989. 25
- 26. ROTH PHILOSOPHY 26 SWA 7 3 -7 -7 -7 -9 -9 ROTH 12 8 -2 -7 -7 -14 -14 SWA -1 -1 -11 -17 -22 -30 -35 ROTH -1 -1 -11 -17 -22 -30 -30 • Roth selected brackets from Andrews translation bracket set up and developed the Roth treatment and prescription. • Available in 1976 and considered as the second generation of PEA Ronald H. Roth. The Straight-Wire Appliance 17 Years Later. Volume 21 : number 09 : pages (632-642) 1987.
- 27. TORQUE IN MBT 27 • Given by Richard P McLaughlin, John C Bennett, Hugo J Trevisi Light, continuous forces, Lace-backs & Bend-backs, Sliding mechanics Upper Inclination Lower inclination Central +17 Central -6 Lateral +10 Lateral -6 Canine 7 / -7 Canine 6 / -6 1st premolar -7 1st premolar -12 2nd premolar -7 2nd premolar -17 1st molar -14 1st molar -20 McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 28. 28 Increased incisor torque in MBT prescription in comparison to SWA McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 29. UPPER CANINE TORQUE 29 1 3 1 3 1 3 - 7° Torque 0° Torque + 7° Torque Square or Ovoid Arch Tapered Arch Ovoid or Tapered Arch McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 30. LOWER CANINE TORQUE 30 3 4 3 4 3 4 - 6° Torque 0° Torque Square or Ovoid Arch Ovoid or Tapered Arch Tapered Arch +6° Torque McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 31. UPPER MOLAR TORQUE 31 • The upper molars frequently show excessive buccal crown torque with palatal cusps “hanging down” which creates centric, balancing side and working side interferences • For this reason it is preferable to use - 14° of buccal root torque in these teeth, as opposed to only -9° of buccal root torque in SWA. McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 32. LOWER PREMOLAR AND MOLAR TORQUE 32 the lingual crown torque is reduced by 5° in the lower premolars, 10° in the lower first molars, & 25° in the lower second molars. - 10° - 20° - 17° - 12° - 6° - 35° - 30° - 22° - 17° - 11° Difference +25° +10° +5° +5° +5° McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 33. INTERCHANGEABLE UPPER PREMOLAR BRACKETS 33 • Similarly, the torque value allows premolar brackets to be interchangeable, which helps inventory control, too. McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001
- 34. TORQUE IN SELF LIGATION SYSTEM 34 Upper Arch U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 High torque 17° 10° 7° Standard torque 12° 8° 0°- 7° -7° - 18° -27° Low torque 7° 3° Lower Arch L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 High torque 7° Standard torque -1° -1° -0° -12° -17° -28° -10° Low torque - 6° - 6° David Birnie. The Damon Passive Self-Ligating Appliance System (Semin Orthod 2008;14:19-35).
- 35. 35 David Birnie. The Damon Passive Self-Ligating Appliance System (Semin Orthod 2008;14:19-35).
- 36. 36 Extraction case with incisor retraction Class II div 2 Mandibular lower incisor extraction case Cases where the crowns of the upper cuspids are palatally tipped. HIGH TORQUE BRACKETS Mild to moderate crowding or spacing Little change reqd in anterior inclination Limited space closure is required STANDAR D TORQUE BRACKETS Excessively proclined upper incisors Moderate and severe upper arch crowding Anterior open bite cases with proclined incisors. Lingually placed lower incisors. LOW TORQUE BRACKETS David Birnie. The Damon Passive Self-Ligating Appliance System (Semin Orthod 2008;14:19-35).
- 37. TORQUE IN BUTTERFLY SYSTEM S. Jay Bowman. The Butterfly System. 2004, JCO. 37
- 38. increased maxillary posterior torque (–14°) and reduced mandibular posterior torque (–10°) to improve intercuspation and posterior overjet, flatten curve of Wilson, and reduce interferences. FEATURES Second premolar brackets (+3° tip) improve posterior marginal ridge adaptation in nonextraction treatment. S. Jay Bowman. The Butterfly System. 2004, JCO. 38
- 39. Butterfly System’s reversible second premolar brackets. Placing second premolar brackets on contralateral sides (–3° tip) improves root paralleling during extraction treatment. Molar attachments have –6° angulation to account for differences in first molar marginal ridges. S. Jay Bowman. The Butterfly System. 2004, JCO. 39
- 40. CONCLUSION 40
- 41. REFERENCES 41 1. D’Souza, Kiran Kumar, Shetty, and Kishore: The Rat Trap Lingual Torquing Auxiliary. JCO/december 2013 2. McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. Mosby, 2001. 3. Lawrence F. Andrews. Straight-Wire The Concept and Appliance. L.A. Wells Co., 1989. 4. Ronald H. Roth. The Straight-Wire Appliance 17 Years Later. Volume 21 : number 09 : pages (632-642) 1987. 5. R.G. “Wick” Alexander. The 20 Principles of the Alexander Discipline. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc., 2008. 6. Lawrence F. Andrews:The six keys to normal occlusion - AJO-DO 1972 Sep (296-309).
- 42. 42 7. Erman D. Rauch. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. AJODO Volume 1959 Nov (817 - 830). 8. Anterior tooth morphology and its effect on torque M. van Loenen, J. Degrieck, G. De Pauw and L. Dermaut. European Journal of Orthodontics 27 (2005) 258–262 9. Kang et al. Three-dimensional relationship between the critical contact angle and the torque angle. AJODO, 2003. Volume 123, Number 1
- 43. THANK YOU 43