![The Semantic Web The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning , better enabling computers and people to work in co-operation . [Tim Berners-Lee , 2001]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/towardthesemanticdeepweb-091028145635-phpapp01/85/Toward-The-Semantic-Deep-Web-4-320.jpg)
Toward The Semantic Deep Web
- 2. What The Problem? Consider a typical web page Mark-up consists of: rendering information Semantic content is accessible to humans but not (easily) to computers … Machine requires Natural Language understanding
- 3. Our Goal Accessing the deep web by various web technologies e.g. XML Schema, RDF, OWL Represent the data in a machine accessible way Enriching ontologies using this data
- 4. The Semantic Web The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning , better enabling computers and people to work in co-operation . [Tim Berners-Lee , 2001]
- 5. Accessing semantic deep web Two main approaches- Ontology plug-in search Deep web service annotation Both approaches require a semantic deep web crawler or bot.
- 6. Ontology plug-in search Referent Form Search engine replies refers to evokes Concept “ Jaguar“
- 7. Ontology plug-in search Two processes- Harvesting concepts or deep web form attribute. Iteratively link this concepts to build enriched ontology. This ontology provides- - domain specific terms. - useful relationship and further related information.
- 8. Deep web service annotation How to represent data in a machine accessible way? Semantic data signature represented in computational graph -XML -RDF -RDF Schema -OWL (Web ontology language)
- 9. The Semantic Web Layers Standard Standard Standard
- 10. XML User definable and domain specific markup <course date= “...” > <title> ... </title> <teacher> ... </teacher> <name>...</name> <http>...</http> <students> ... </students> </course> File Format Tree Structure Why not use XML to represent ontologies? XML makes no commitment on: Domain specific ontological vocabulary Conceptual meaning course teacher title students name http =
- 11. RDF(Resource Description Framework) A mechanism for annotating data and resources RDF is a graphical formalism -for representing metadata about Web resource -for describing the semantics of information in a machine- accessible way
- 12. RDF(S): RDF Schema Defines vocabulary for RDF Organizes this basic vocabulary terms and the relations between those terms -Class, subClassOf, type -Property, subPropertyOf -domain, range Has Supervisor Person subClassOf subClassOf type domain range type
- 13. OWL :Web Ontology Language Ontologies standardize and formalize the meaning of words through concepts It helps softbots by serving knowledge about synonyms, antonyms, semantic relationship between concept.
- 14. Conclusion Ontology helps to find the concepts. Semi-automatic ontology generation from the deep web, quality of ontology measurement(reliability) is challenging. It requires natural language processing.
- 15. Reference Y. Sure and R. Studer. Vision for Semantically-Enabled Knowledge Technologies. Online at: KTweb -- Connecting Knowledge Technologies Communities, 2003. Search on the semantic web IEEE Computer october 2005. www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ . M. Dean and G. Schreiber, OWL Web Ontology Language Reference , Feb. 2004; http://www.w3.org/ TR/2004/REC-owl-ref-20040210/. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, “ The Semantic Web ,” Scientific American , May 2001