Towards a Smart and Inclusive IKN : A Photovoice Approach
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1. The document discusses using photovoice methodology to understand public perspectives on an inclusive knowledge network (IKN) development in Indonesia. 2. Nine participants were selected and provided photos online along with explanations, which were analyzed into six themes around accessibility, culture, waste management, safety, facilities for children and elderly, and support for those with disabilities. 3. The analysis found public support for accessible facilities, culture preservation, innovative waste solutions, safe urban design, and accommodations for children, elderly and those with disabilities in the new IKN, though the study had limitations as informants may not represent all Indonesians.
Towards a Smart and Inclusive IKN : A Photovoice Approach
- 2. About the Paper The development of IKN sparked interest from academicians This paper seek to understand general public voice on IKN development by introducing photovoice as a tool for participatory action
- 3. A Smart and Inclusive IKN Previous researches focused more on marginalized people, economic - geographic and environmental perspective
- 4. We focus on the concept of smart and inclusive city What is an inclusive IKN according to the general public?
- 5. We argue that citizen participation in designing the new IKN will improve their sense of belonging to it.
- 6. Photovoice as Participatory Action Document aspects of their lives through photography and give a written or oral explanation for each picture they have made Citizens as Informants an approach to increase the collective participation of various actors in order to enable the development of bottom- up and inclusive IKN policies Reach the Unreachable
- 7. Methodology Objects & Participants Selection 1 Participants were selected and briefed Data Collection 2 Photos were collected online Codebook Development 3 Codebook was developed using existing literature Thematic Analysis 4 Themes are identified
- 8. Participant Profile (n=9) Gender Female 7 (87.5%) Male 1 (12.5%) Age 25-34 6 35-44 2 Marital Status Single 3 Married 3 Divorced 2 Number of Children None 3 1-3 3 4-5 2 Monthly Income IDR 2,000,000 - 5,000,000 2 More than 5,000,000 6 Currently in Indonesia? Yes 1 (8%) No 12 (92%) Demographic 64 8 Excluded | Age ; Physical / Mental Disability Religion; Race and Etnicity Gender and Sexual Identity; Income and wealth Location 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Codebook developed based on Anttiroike and De Jong (2020)
- 9. What the photos are telling us Thematic Analysis 05 02 01 06 03 04 Child and Age-friendly city Safety & Neat Design Culture Person with Disability Access for All Waste Management
- 10. Person with Disability PWDs face challenges when interacting on urban space (Oleveiora and Kofuji 2016) The importance of city facilities to accommodate PWDs Accessibility in both urban and rural space which includes physicial environment, transportation , ICT and services. Convention on the Rights of PWD - the United Nation
- 11. Child and Age-Friendly City “A place and/or open space that combines activities, community activities and socializing, and can be a child-friendly space”" Facilities for Children Aims to develop a supportive urban communities and places for elderly Elderly as the most excluded ( UN- Habitat 2010) WHO : Age-Friendly City
- 12. Waste Management Future IKN should avoid creating waste problems and offer innovative solution to such issue Classic city Problem “rivers and garbage are classic city problems, with good waste and waste handling with a smart environment concept, it is hoped that the rivers in IKN can be clean and protect the ecosystem of living biota in it.”(RIFF002).
- 13. Safety and Neat Design The Government Needs not only build Safe and Neat Design public facilities but also need to carry out infrastructure audits regularly (Sa'di 2019) “Traditional markets in Indonesia are clean, without garbage, neatly arranged, there is no air pollution and the people are disciplined and comply with applicable rules and regulations.” .
- 14. Access For All Facilities and services to be readily accessible regardless of economic differences nor location. Equality across Income Level Public displayed information needs to be easy to access and understandable Access to Information Access to information is a key element alongside protecting fundamental freedoms (Satterthwaite, 2016) "The existence of public facilities that are accessible for every level of society will significantly enhance the inclusiveness of the city. "
- 15. Culture Smart Metabolism Smart Culture Smart Governance Smart City Framework by Zaheer et.al (2018) : Without the presence of people's culture support, innovation will become useless The need for Appropropriate Culture
- 16. What Is Not Expressed? Does the IKN need to be high-tech? Only 2 photos showing ICT related theme. ICT Related Solution?
- 17. Conclusion We presented six themes based on general public opinion Photovoice allows us to understand what people think about the future IKN should be from the inclusivity aspect Informants can not represent general public in Indonesia. Photovoice methodology needed to be executed in full cycle Limitations need to be addressed
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