TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY
Download as PPTX, PDF12 likes2,131 views
Traffic control devices and markings are used to promote highway safety by regulating, warning, and guiding traffic. They include signs conveying regulatory, warning, or guidance messages through words and symbols, as well as pavement markings delineating traffic flow. An effective traffic control system satisfies the principles of being needed, clear, commanding respect, and allowing adequate response time. Accident investigations systematically identify causal factors without blame, collecting information to determine trends and prevent future accidents.
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY
- 1. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES & HIGHWAY SAFTEY
- 2. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The devices which regulates the traffic flow in a particular stretch or Lane are called Control devices.. i.e Traffic signs Traffic Markings
- 3. A traffic sign is defined as a device mounted on a fixed or portable support whereby a specific message is conveyed by means of words or symbols. The sign is placed or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding vehicular, pedestrian, or bicycle traffic.
- 5. Purpose: The purpose of traffic control devices, as well as the principles for their use, is to promote highway safety and efficiency by providing for the orderly movement of all road users on streets and highways throughout the Nation.
- 6. Function of signs: Signs shall be defined by their function as follows: A. Regulatory signs give notice of traffic laws or regulations. B. Warning signs give notice of a situation that might not be readily apparent. C. Guide signs show route designations, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, and other geographical, recreational, or cultural information.
- 7. Sign Limitations: Easily damaged due to impact of vandalism Visual quality degrade over time due to dirt and normal reflectivity deterioration Require continuous maintenance
- 8. Principles of traffic signs and markings: Traffic signs and markings are most effective when they satisfy five basic requirements: Fulfill a need . Convey a clear, simple meaning; Command respect from road users; and Give adequate time for proper response.
- 9. Changeable Message Signs Changeable message signs are traffic control devices designed to display variable messages. Changeable message signs should not be used to display information other than regulatory, warning, and guidance information related to traffic control.
- 10. 1. Design Shape, color, Size, composition, lighting or retro- reflection should command attention and convey a simple meaning. The sign should have: A. High visibility by day and night; and B. High legibility (adequately sized letters or symbols, and a short legend for quick comprehension by a road user approaching a sign).
- 11. SHAPES Particular shapes, as shown in the Table below, shall be used exclusively for specific signs or series of signs.
- 13. COLOR CODE
- 15. TYPES Danger signs Priority signs Prohibitory signs Mandatory signs Information signs Direction signs Miscellaneous
- 16. GENERAL CAUTION AND CONGESTION : GENERAL WARNING SIGNS ARE USED IN INSTANCES IN WHICH THE PARTICULAR HAZARD, OBSTACLE OR CONDITION IS NOT COVERED BY A STANDARD SIGN
- 33. PRIORITY SIGNS Indicate the order in which vehicles should pass intersection points
- 37. PROHIBITORY SIGNS ; TRAFFIC SIGNS ARE USED TO PROHIBIT CERTAIN TYPES OF MANEUVERS
- 44. MANDATORY SIGNS ;. Mandatory signs Are road signs which are used to set the obligations of all traffic which use a specific area of road
- 49. INFORMATION SIGNS ; THOSE INDICATES A SPECIFIC FACILITY BY WHICH MANY CAN FIND USEFUL,
- 53. DIRECTION SIGNS These the signs which are used to trespass only the particular lane That may be stop or go
- 59. PAVMENT MARKINGS Definition: Traffic markings are all lines, patterns, symbols, words, colors, or other devices, except signs and power-operated traffic control devices, set into the surface of, applied upon, or attached to the pavement or curbing and placed for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.
- 60. Marking functions: Markings may supplement other traffic control devices or they may be used alone to convey information that would be difficult to convey using other devices. They are specifically used to:
- 61. A. Display regulations (no passing zones, curb parking restrictions) B. (STOP lines, symbol arrows C. Guide traffic (lane lines, rout number)
- 62. Marking Limitations Markings have several important limitations. May be hidden by: other vehicles directly over the markings or by snow, or by dirt.
- 63. Marking Limitations (continued) May be worn by sand or gravel. May not be visible when wet. They wear due to traffic and the environment and must be maintained or replaced. Removal of markings from the pavement is a difficult task.
- 64. Marking Design: Materials All markings that apply at night must be reflectorized. Paint, thermoplastic and cold plastic are used for markings Materials must provide the color and reflectivity throughout their useful life.
- 65. Color White Yellow Red and Blue Longitudinal Markings (parallel to the roadway) Broken lines permissive Dotted lines path guidance Solid lines restrictive Double lines maximum restriction
- 66. ADVANTAGES Under most highway conditions, markings provide important information while allowing minimal diversion of attention from the roadway.
- 67. WHITE LINES indicate traffic traveling in same direction.
- 68. Mark Side of Road : Between ROAD AND SHOULDER
- 69. YELLOW LINES mark the center of a two-way road used for TWO WAY TRAFFIC In opposite direction
- 70. BROKEN VS SOLID LINE : B : PASSING IS ALLOWED S : PASSING IS NOT ALLOWED (OVER TAKING)
- 71. BOTH CENTER LINES BROKEN Passing Allowed on both sides
- 73. 1. A motorist should know the proper lane for normal driving and how to change lanes (KEEP TO THE RIGHT except when passing) Rules for passing: Depend on the road Car should stay to the right of the roadways center line Passing is only safe when there is no oncoming traffic Passing Must be completed before center lines are solid again
- 74. Two solid yellow lines means no passing Never drive left to the lines
- 75. ACCIDENT An unplanned event An unplanned event involving injury Why ? Accidents are occur a series of unrelated events coincide at certain time and space
- 76. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION A systematic approach to the identification of causal factors and implementation of corrective actions without placing blame on or finding personal fault. The information collected during an investigation is essential to determine trends and taking appropriate steps to prevent future accidents.
- 77. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION (RECORDING& ANALYSIS) The primary purpose of accident investigations is to improve health and safety performance . Exploring the reasons for the event and identifying both the immediate and underlying causes Identifying remedies to improve the health and safety management system by improving risk control, preventing a recurrence and reducing financial losses.
- 78. WHAT TO INVESTIGATE? About the type of accident Loss of life Property damage
- 79. STAGES IN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Deal with risk Select the level of investigation Record and analyze the result Review Remedies Rapport preparation
- 80. DEALING WITH IMMEDIATE RISK Make the situation safe and prevent further injury. Help, treat and if necessary rescue injured persons. An effective response can only be made if it has been planned for in advance.
- 81. SELECT THE LEVEL OF INVESTIGATION The way things were and how they came to be. What happened – the sequence of events that led to the outcome. Why things happened as they did analyzing both the immediate and underlying causes. What needs to be done to avoid a repetition and how this can be achieved. Assigning the responsibility for the investigation of more significant events to more senior managers.
- 82. RECORDING interviewing the person(s) involved and witnesses to the accident is of prime importance, ideally in familiar surroundings so as not to make the person uncomfortable. The interview style is important with emphasis on prevention rather than blame. The person(s) should give an account of what happened in their terms rather than the investigators. Interviews should be separate to stop people from influencing each other. Questions when asked should not be intimidating as the investigator will be seen as aggressive and reflecting a blame culture.
- 83. REMEDIES Creating Hump or bump near school zones Erecting VUP AND PUP @ country area Establishing traffic signal at cross roads Put a traffic men at congested areas Stop animal roaming on the major frequency Route Reduce beverage consumption Creating awareness camps at congested areas
- 84. RAPPORT Rapport should be written Should be in proper format form (12,16 18) Take the details of interviewer for further correspondence
- 86. THANK YOU