Translation In Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes By Muhammad Arslan Yasin
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- Translation is the process by which the information contained in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins. It requires tRNA, mRNA, ribosomes, and various translation factors. - In prokaryotes, initiation involves 3 initiation factors, elongation 3 elongation factors, and termination 3 termination factors. In eukaryotes, initiation involves 9 initiation factors, elongation 4 elongation factors, and termination 2 termination factors. - There are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, including the ribosome composition and size, presence or absence of gap between transcription and translation, modifications to mRNA, and initiation and termination factors.
Translation In Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes By Muhammad Arslan Yasin
- 3. Before GoingTo the main topic 1st recall the importance ofWhat is ActuallyTranslation? Kahani thodi ZubaniRequirements ofTranslation: 1.t-RNA 2.m-RNA 3.Ribosomes 4.Translation Factors Initiation Factors Elongation Factors Termination Factors Proteins Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 4. Need to Know! t-RNA Charging / Activation of aa: Ø2 steps and 1 enzyme involved 1. Acylation of Amino acids: 2.Transfer of Acylated Amino acid to t-RNA: Acylated Amino acid t-RNA Amino-acylated t-RNA C R H : 35 ATP Amino acid Acylated Amino acidAmino-acylated t-RNAATPAmino acid t-RNA aa t-RNA Synthetase Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 5. IF3 50s 30s 30s 30s Ribosome unit UAAAUG AE P UCCUC (16s r-RNA) I F 3 I F 1 AGGAG mRNA Shine Dalgarno Sequence IF1 IF2 Initiation: It is mainly controlled by 3 Initiation Factors: I F 2 Prokaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 6. 30s 30s Ribosome unit UAAAUG CUC Elongation: It is mainly controlled by 3 Elongation Factors: EFTU EF G EFTS 1. 2. 3. Prokaryotes PeptidylTransferase Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 7. 30s 30s Ribosome unit Termination: It is mainly controlled by 3Termination Factors: RF-l RRF RF-ll UAAAUG UUU Prokaryotes Translation in Eukaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 8. Initiation: 1.PIC 40s 2.m-RNA Activation 3.Scanning 4.Assembly of 60s 1.PIC 40s 40s 40s Ribosome unit 60s 40s 40s Ribosome unit It is mainly controlled by 4 Initiation Factors: 1.eIF1 2.eIF2 3.eIF3 4.eIF1A Eukaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 9. Initiation: 2. m-RNA Activation It is mainly controlled by 1 Initiation Factor: AUG UAG eIF4 Complex 1.eIF4A 2.eIF4B 3.eIF4E 4.eIF4G Eukaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 10. Initiation: 3. Scanning 40s Ribosome unit UAGAUG Eukaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 11. 2.eIF2 1.eIF1 3.eIF3 4.eIF1A 5.eIF4A 6.eIF4B 7.eIF4E 8.eIF4G Initiation: 4. Assembly of Large Subunit 40s Ribosome unit AUGAUG 9.eIF5B Eukaryotes CUC Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 12. Elongation: It is mainly controlled by 4 Initiation Factors: 1.eEF1A 2.eEF1B 3.eEF1D 4.eEF1G UAGAUG CUC Eukaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 14. Termination: It is mainly controlled by 2Termiation Factors: UAGAUG 1.eRF1 2.eRF3 Eukaryotes Youtube/SukheraIllustratorz
- 15. Eukaryotic v/s ProkaryoticTranslation: Characteristics Prokaryotes Eukaryotes r-RNA 70S (50s & 30s) 80S (60s & 40s) Gape b/w transcription & Translation No Yes m-RNA Non modified/Polycistronic Having Cap & Tail/Monocistronic First Amino acid f-MET MET Initiation 3-Factors 9-Factors Termination 3-Factors 2-Factors (majorly 1) Duration Less (20 aa/sec) More (1 aa/sec) Modifications Not common Yes (PTMs) Specificity Polycistronic (Shine Dalgarno Secquence) MonocistronicYoutube/SukheraIllustratorz