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Tree Campus 2015 final v1

J
Jennifer Lyon

This document is Western Michigan University's application for Tree Campus USA designation in 2015. It discusses WMU's commitment to caring for campus trees since receiving the designation in 2008. It thanks the Landscape Services department for their daily work maintaining a safe, clean and beautiful campus. It also describes the university's Tree Campus USA committee and tree care policies to guide development projects and protect campus trees.

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Western Michigan University Application submitted by WMU Facilities Management Landscape Services December 2015 Tree Campus USA
2 Tree Campus U.S.A. 2015 Introduction Since 2008, Western Michigan University has been a proud recipient of the Tree Campus U.S.A. designation. It takes a great many people, staff, students, faculty and administrators, all dedicated to the health and welfare of trees, to develop and implement the information and projects that make this honor possible. A special thanks goes to all the professionals in the WMU Landscape Services Department for the work they do every day of the year to make this campus safe, clean and beautiful. The honor of a Tree Campus U.S.A. designa- tion is a point of pride for the Landscape staff and helps to focus attention on the health and diversity of campus trees in every task that is undertaken on the WMU campus. While the future holds many challenges for our campus trees, new construction, invasive species, disease, insects, and climate change, the work done to achieve the Tree Campus U.S.A. standing has put WMU on a path to identify and solve these issues over time. Not just a pretty sign to hang on a wall, Tree Campus U.S.A. gives us a structure and a forum to discuss, experiment and document the work this University does to advance the survival and diversity of trees on this beautiful campus. The WMU campus has experienced a flurry of construction projects during the last year all of which can impact natural areas adversely. Using the standards and protocols set out in Tree Campus USA has allowed us to move forward with needed improvements without sacrificing our natural heritage. Renovation of a main campus pond landscape to coincide with a new dining facility has allowed us to improve the health of surrounding woodlots by removing invasive species. Completion of the Historic East Campus Alumni project, the birthplace of WMU, now provides opportunity to protect and enhance the heritage woods that have grown up with the University. Ongoing management of Rare Dwarf Hackberry trees, woodlot tree inventories, planting of native plants and numerous educational programs are possible in part ,due to the dedication our staff has for protecting trees and fulfilling the mission of Tree Campus U.S.A. We hope this publication of the WMU Tree Campus U.S.A. application will inform, educate and foster an appre- ciation of the value of trees. We hope you will agree that healthy, beautiful trees play an important part in campus sustainability and student recruitment and retention here at WMU . Steve Keto Natural Areas and Preserves Manager
3 Western Michigan University Tree Campus USA Standard 1: WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee Mission Statement: The WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee’s purpose is to cel- ebrate trees and demonstrate a commitment to the preservation and protection of trees. The committee shall be involved in the planning process of campus construction projects and provide exper- tise related to tree risk assessment, selection, placement and valuation. The committee is entrusted with enforcing the Tree Care Plan and Policy outlined in this document and edu- cating the campus and local community as to these standards. Organization: The Western Michigan University Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee was established as part of the Tree Campus USA initiative developed by the National Arbor Day Foundation. The committee consists of members of the faculty, staff and student groups and includes a representative of the wider Kalamazoo Community. The committee shall meet a minimum of twice per year, and additionally as needed. Roles of the Committee Members: The committee members will serve a term of one year with option to renew. Members shall select a chairperson from the committee. The chairperson shall establish meeting times, moderate the meetings, and assign tasks related to the committee’s work. All members are expected to be en- gaged in the work of the committee and endeavor to attend all meetings in person or by proxy. Tree Campus Advisory Committee Meetings: April 1, 2015 and September 30, 2015
4 Members: WMU Faculty and Staff Dr. Todd Barkman, WMU Professor, Biological Sciences todd.barkman@wmich.edu Dr. David Lemberg, WMU Professor, Geography david.lember@wmich.edu David Dakin, WMU Director Campus Planning and Architecture david.dakin@wmich.edu John Disbro, WMU Landscape Services Staff /Certified Arborist john.disbro@wmich.edu Darrell Junkins, WMU Landscape Services Supervisor/Certified Arborist darrell.junkins@wmich.edu Steve Root, WMU Landscape Services Supervisor/Certified Arborist steve.root@wmich.edu Mike Taylor, WMU Landscape Services Gardener/Certified Arborist michael.j15.taylor@wmich.edu Steve Keto, WMU Natural Areas Manager steve.keto@wmich.edu Tom Sauber, WMU Landscape Services Manager tom.sauber@wmich.edu Nick Gooch, WMU Landscape Services Horticulturalist nicholas.j.gooch@wmich.edu Tim Holysz, WMU Landscape Services Director tim.holysz@wmich.edu Pauly Gourley, WMU Landscape Services, Grounds Parkview paul.gourley@wmich.edu Members: City of Kalamazoo Staff Todd Pryor, Kalamazoo City Forester/Certified Arborist pryort@kalamazoocity.org Mark Polega, Kalamazoo City Parks and Recreation polegam@kalamazoocity.org Members: WMU Student Jennifer Lyon jennifer.d.lyon@wmich.edu
5 Standard 2: WMU Tree Care Plan and Policies PURPOSE The purpose of the Western Michigan University Tree Care Plan and Policies is to define protocols and give guidance and direction as to the best practices for any developments affecting woody plants on campus. This plan will be used by the Landscape Services Department, Campus Planning Department and the WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee in executing any of the landscape projects on University properties. The Plan and Policies outlined below are in-line with other major University campuses around the country and adherence to them will help to ensure that we maintain a safe campus environment while protect- ing the natural heritage of the State of Michigan at the same time. AUTHORITY Implementation and enforcement of the Tree Care Plan and Policies and best management practices involving existing and future campus plantings and landscapes resides with the professional staff of the Western Michigan University Landscape Services Department. WMU TREE CAMPUS USA POLICY AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE The committee is comprised of community members as well as WMU faculty, staff and students from several academic and operational departments around campus. A subcommittee, made up of WMU faculty and staff, meets more regularly when needed to discuss ongoing projects. The committee has been working to have the tree care plan and policies officially adopted by the University. PROTOCOL FOR CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AFFECTING THE LANDSCAPE 1. Prior to site design, the Director of Landscape Services will appoint a subcommittee of the WMU Tree Campus USA Advisory Committee. This subcommittee must be consulted to ensure that campus planning activities are aligned with the Tree Care Plan and Policies. 2. Prior to the start of construction, the committee will review plans and develop tree protection strategies. 3. Prior to start of construction, the committee will develop mitigation strategies for on-site woody plants, if deemed necessary. This will include a monetary valuation of trees and initiating a dialogue with goal of maximizing the value of the campus landscape and minimizing the costs of construction. 4. During the project, the committee will monitor and oversee adherence to planting specifications and tree protection strategies. Violations of any construction agreements will result in financial offset to be paid from project funds. 5. After construction, a representative from the committee will be involved in the final project walk-through and will monitor the plantings covered throughout the warranty period. Plantings that do not meet the Land- scape Services specifications throughout the contractor’s warranty period will have to be replaced per the agreed upon contract. Tree Damage Assessment This Landscape Services Department works closely with campus planning and vendors to assure that any damage to trees is quickly identified and remediated. Funds from construction projects will be used as an offset for damages incurred to trees on campus during development projects. The amount of damage caused would be assessed and determined by WMU Landscape Services arborists using the 9th Edition for Plant Ap- praisal, developed by The Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers and The Michigan Tree Evaluation Supplement. Additional money can be used for research, management or future landscape projects that would further the standards and goals of the WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee.
6 TREE CARE POLICIES Plant Selection: Specific plant selection is made by the professional staff of WMU’s Landscape Ser- vices Department. Plant material provided to WMU will be true to name as confirmed by Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Michael A. Dirr, Sixth Edition, 2009. Plant material should be from USDA hardiness Zone 5. The key goal of tree selection is diversity. Trees are selected, both exotic and native, based on site conditions. Locations are selected after consulting the Campus Master Plan. Invasive or problematic species are strongly discouraged. The department consults with the Michigan Invasive Plant Council for information on invasive plants. The department also reviews contracted landscape design proposals and recommends changes as to tree selection and location when necessary. All shade or street trees will have comparatively straight trunks, well developed leaders, tops, and roots and will be characteristic of the species, cultivar or variety. They will exhibit evidence of proper nursery pruning practices, have acceptable balance between top and root and be free of the above objectionable features that may affect the future form and beauty of the tree. The minimum acceptable shade tree caliper will be 3" as measured 6" above ground. Ball size will conform to ANSI Z60.1 specifications. Planting: Trees, shrubs and planting beds shall be planted after final grades are established and prior to planting/seeding of lawns, unless otherwise acceptable to the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative. If planting of trees, shrubs or planting beds occurs after lawn work is complet- ed, lawn areas shall be protected and any damage done to lawn areas as a result of planting operations shall be promptly repaired. No planting will be performed when the ground is frozen unless approved by Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative. Balled and Burlaped (B&B) Plants: Set plants in planting hole to proper grade and position and face plants to give the best appearance, rela- tionship with other plants and relationship with adjacent structures. Plants shall be set on undisturbed soil, plumb and in the center of the excavated planting hole. Remove wire baskets to a depth of one-half (1/2) the depth of the ball and remove burlap and rope from the top of the ball. Place planting mixture around root ball to a depth of one-half (1/2) the height of the root ball. Settle the soil and fill voids around the root ball by watering. Remove burlap and ties to a depth of 1/2 the depth of the ball.
7 After the water has been absorbed, fill the remainder of the planting pit, up to grade, with planting mix- ture. Water again after placing final layer of backfill and form a watering saucer from planting soil mixture when the plant is isolated. To provide natural drainage in heavy or compacted soils, root ball must be elevated slightly above grade and planting mixture used to create a mound around the root ball. Container-grown plant material: Container-grown stock will be planted as above specified for B&B plants. Remove containers before planting in a manner which will not damage the root ball. Vertically severing or slicing the sides of the root mass will not be necessary as pot bound container material will not be accepted. Bare-root plant material: Sever damaged roots with a clean, sharp pruner before planting. Bare-root stock will be planted so that the roots are arranged in a natural position and planting mixture carefully worked-in among roots. Settle the soil and fill voids around the roots by watering. Form a watering basin from planting mixture. Trees Planted with a Tree Spade Sever damaged roots with a clean, sharp pruner before planting. In heavy soils, the sides of holes dug with a tree spade shall be scarified with a shovel or spade to encour- age root penetration into surrounding soil. The area outside the root plug and within an area three-times (3X) the plug diameter will be tilled and to a depth of 8". A layer of compost, 3"-5" in depth will be evenly spread over the planting site, 3x the root plug diameter, and tilled a second time as above. Care will be taken not to till the tree-spaded root plug. Settle the soil and fill voids around the roots by watering thoroughly. Form a watering saucer from planting soil mixture around the perimeter of the tilled planting site (3x the root plug diameter).
8 Mulching: Mulching shall take place within 48 hours of plant installation. Trees and shrubs will be mulched to a depth of 3" over each individual planting site and will not be placed within 6" of tree trunks. Keep mulch off sidewalks, curbs, light standards and other structures. Wrapping: Unless specified by the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff repre- sentative, the trunks of deciduous trees shall not be wrapped. If the Director of Landscape Services or Land- scape Services staff representative specifies that individual trees need to be wrapped, the material used will be waterproofed crepe paper not less than 2 ½” wide, made up of two layers of crepe craft paper weighing not less than 30 pounds per ream and cemented together with asphalt. When wrapping, begin at the base of the tree and extend wrap up to the first lateral branches. The wrap shall be applied in a spiral manner with an overlap of one-half the width of the paper. The specified twine shall be used to hold wrap in place and will only be tied tightly enough to keep the paper from sliding down the trunk. Twine will be secured both at the top and bottom and at 18" maximum intervals in between. Staking: In general, trees are not staked if their soil ball is firm. The moving of the stem in the wind makes for a stronger tree. If guying is necessary, non-abrasive strapping is used, so as not to constrict the stem. Guying remains on the tree for 12 to 18 months and any wires are flagged for safety. Pruning: Campus trees are maintained by two certified arborists. The pruning techniques employed include natural target pruning, as developed by the late Dr. Alex Shigo, and structural pruning as developed by Dr. Ed Gilman. Trees are generally pruned on a three to four year cycle with damaged or pre-determined hazard trees taking priority. Transplanting: When necessary, due to construction, trees are moved to new locations. The WMU Landscape Services department’s arborists are responsible for site selection and method of transplanting. Tree spades and balled & burlaped are the preferred methods of moving trees. Fertilizing: The WMU Arborists refrain from using synthetic fertilizers for trees. Soil fertility is im- proved by the breakdown of mulch, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and organic sources. Individual nutri- ents are added by soil or trunk injection if shown by soil testing to be deficient. WMU Landscape Services uses ANSI A 300 (Part 2) and the best management practices on tree and shrub fertilization (International Society of Ar- Storm Management and Hazard Tree Assessment: In the event of a storm or condition that results in fallen trees and tree damage the first line of defense are the public safety personnel who patrol the campus 24 hours/day, seven days a week. When damaged trees are discovered, the Public Safety Department contacts the Director of Landscape Services or subordinate personnel who, in turn, assess the situation and decide what landscape personnel and equipment are required. The WMU staff arborists are responsible for assessing the safety of the situation and removal of the trees to alleviate hazards and clear roads and walks. The Landscape Services department’s certified arborists are responsible for assessing campus trees for hazard potential. The arborists use techniques and equipment, both old and new (sounding and resistograph), to eval- uate trees. They also use visual tree assessment techniques as developed by leading researchers.
9 TREE PROTECTION POLICIES The Department of Landscape Services has developed concise guidelines to protect our campus landscape and accommodate the work of the University. Damage to WMU-owned trees, shrubs, and other plant material due to contractor negligence or accident shall be repaired only by the staff of WMU Landscape Services Department, or their designated contractor. Land- scape Services shall remove and replace any trees, shrubs and other plant material determined to be exces- sively damaged due to prohibited practices. The costs of all such repairs, removals, replacements, and an amount of value lost will be the liability of the contractor and billed accordingly. The following specific responsibilities are required of the contractor when marked: To protect the immediate portion of tree root zones, NO construction equipment or materials; sand, soil, gravel, or any other materials shall be placed, parked, or stored on the surface of any unpaved areas with- in the radius of one and a half times the drip line (outermost reach of branches referred to as protected zone) of trees. NO chemicals, rinsates, or petroleum products shall be deposited within the protected zones of trees. Tree protection barricades shall be erected to define the protected zones (see attached tree protection dia gram). All unpaved area within the zones of each tree in the construction site shall be fenced. The fencing shall be installed by Landscape Services or contractor as specified prior to set-up for construction. It is understood that the proximity of a tree to a worksite may require temporary access to a protected zone. A temporary path may be constructed in these cases with prior approval from the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative. To preserve viable root systems and maintain structural stability, it is required that the contractor bore or tunnel beneath the root systems of trees. Open-cut excavating is allowed only up to the distance from various size trees, as listed below. You must bore or tunnel from trench to trench below the minimum depth indicated for the tree size. The surface area and subsoil directly adjacent to trees shall not be disturbed as follows: Open-Cut Trenching and Boring Specs Tree Size Minimum Undisturbed Radius Minimum Depth (diameter/inches) (measured from face of trunk) of Tunnel/Bore less than 3” 3 feet 3 feet 3” through 8” 8 feet 3 feet 8” through 14” 14 feet 4 feet larger than 14” 20 feet 4 feet
10 A pre-construction site walk-thru will be scheduled with the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative and contractor prior to any construction being done. This meeting will include the site construction superintendent and a representative of WMU Landscape Services. Care shall be taken not to damage tree trunks and branches. The WMU Landscape Services Department shall be contacted at least three (3) business days prior to the set-up for any construction to discuss problems of overhanging branches which may be damaged. All excavation in the protected zone shall be backfilled only with clean, viable soil. If possible, native soil from the site should be returned, and if not possible soil returned should match existing soil profile. NO concrete, slurry, gravel, stone, sand, or other such materials shall be used for backfill. Flush backfilled excavations to settle material. Restoration shall be to original grade, unless otherwise specified. GOALS AND TARGETS WMU Landscape Services will be building on our tree inventory database by adding monetary values and hazard classifications to trees on campus. The Department will also begin to list highly sensitive areas on cam- pus that contain trees of high historic value. These areas will then be mapped and used to guide activities that may impact the trees. Landscape Services has developed a Landscape Services Master Plan coordinated with the Western Michigan University Campus Master Plan. The purpose of the Landscape Services Master Plan is to provide guidance for future campus landscape planning and design which will ultimately enhance the quality of life on campus and in adjacent communities, increase the sustainability and ecological health of the campus landscape, and create a more uniquely defined image for Western Michigan University. The plan outlines goals such as man- aging campus woodlots for ecological health, increasing sustainability of campus by choosing plants/trees which require less maintenance and using more efficient technology, and choosing native species when feasi- ble. TREE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT The Landscape Services department employs certified arborists charged with the responsibility of assessing tree damage. Tree value is determined by current market value per 1” DBH. Where applicable, large trees are valued using the 9th Edition for Plant Appraisal, developed by The Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers and The Michigan Tree Evaluation Supplement. PROHIBITED PRACTICES Our guidelines were developed by the arborists and are part of our landscape specifications sent out to land- scape contractors bidding on University projects. “Prohibited Practices” by contractor shall include: Breaking of branches, scraping of bark, or unauthorized cutting Nailing or bolting into plants; use of plants as temporary support (i.e., cables) Chaining, bolting, or cabling equipment to trees Unauthorized filling, excavating, trenching, or auguring within protected zone Compaction/driving over the protected zone Storage of any materials or vehicles within the protected zone Dumping of construction waste or material (including liquids) Unauthorized removal or relocation of woody plants
11 DEFINITIONS OF TERMINOLOGY The glossary of arboricultural terms, published by the ISA (International Society of Arboriculture) in 2006 is the definitive guide we use to define tree terms. Additionally, some terms are explained in the WMU Campus Woody Plant Protection Definitions document developed by Landscape Services. Terms are defined below. “Landscape Services Arborist Responsibilities” Tie-back of existing trees and shrubs Pruning/thinning Root pruning and root protection of exposed roots Watering of existing trees under stress Removal or relocation not specified within construction documents These measures shall be done only by Landscape Services arborists, unless otherwise arranged, as needed to provide either preventative or remedial care to plants on a construction site. “Construction Fencing” NO construction work, parking of vehicles, storage of materials, or related activities shall occur beyond this boundary fencing. Construction fencing shall be chain link, unless otherwise agreed upon. “Tree Protection Barricade” Shall be defined as wood rail fencing constructed of 4”x4” posts at eight feet (8’) maximum on center, and three 2”x4” (or better) wood rails; lined with at least one four foot (4’) tall snow fence (or similar approved construction barrier fencing) which meets existing grade and encircles the entire area. Standard height of top rail shall be eight fee (8’); for variations, refer to site drawings. Failure to install barricades as directed may halt work and plant damage occurring within installed barricades does not absolve contractor from “damage” assessment. “Temporary Path” If required, shall be defined as a zone within the specified protected zone of a tree to enable temporary move- ment of equipment. It shall be eight to ten inches (8-10”) of wood chips as located by the Landscape Services arborist or designated representative. Wood chips shall be removed immediately upon completion of work in an area; soil aeration may be required during site restoration. COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Landscape Services will be working with various departments to inform them of the uses for this document. Upon official adoption, the plan will be published on our website and will be publicly available. We will also include information from this plan in our Landscape Services Specifications which will be given to contractors prior to the start of construction projects.
12 Standard 3: WMU Dedicated Annual Expenditures and Statistics for Campus Tree Program (through December 31, 2015) Tree Planting and Initial Care Costs $218,719.00 Campus Tree Management Costs $66,580.00 Volunteer Time from Student and Civic Organiza- tions ($18/hr.) $77,400.00 Total Annual Expenditures $362,699.00 2015Annual Expenditures: 2015 Additional Campus Tree Details: Trees Protected and/or Transplanted from Construction Sites in 2015 21 *These numbers represent all trees removed for all reasons, plant health, customer safety, construction. **These numbers represent all trees planted by WMU staff and contractors as replacement, and additions to new land- scapes *** As sites are still under construction, not all trees scheduled for replacement have been installed. Site Trees Removed* Trees Planted** Balance as of All WMU Campus 138 108 -30
13 WMU Campus Tree Canopy Cover Details 2015 Standard 3: WMU Dedicated Annual Expenditures and Statistics for Campus Tree Program (through December 31, 2015) Site Total Acres Canopy Acres 2014 Canopy Acres 2015 % Canopy Cover % Change WMU Main campus 618.14 131.12 131.12 21.21 0 WMU Parkview Campus 182 35.89 35.89 19.78 0 Kleinstuck Preserve 48 35.08 35.08 73.08 0 Asylum Lake Preserve 278 109.31 109.31 39.32 0 Grand Totals 1126.14 311.40 311.40 27.65 0.0 Trees At Risk* * With ongoing campus construction extending beyond the time frame of Tree Campus USA statistics, a new category “Trees at Risk “seeks to identify trees that may or may not survive development. These numbers are generated from previous tree database inventories that fall within construction zone. Once construction is complete the numbers will be justified in fu- ture TCUSA applications. **Landscape amenity trees Only *** Woodlot trees only Project Site 2015-2016 Amenity Trees at Risk** Woodlot Canopy at Risk*** Goldsworth Valley Pond Enhancements 16+ .5 acres Stadium Drive Apartments 7 Central Campus Redevelopment 16
14 Standard 4: WMU Arbor Day Observance Arbor Day: WMU has observed Arbor Day for 10 consecutive years, from 2006 to 2015. Celebration ac- tivities include the planting and dedication of a tree on campus, a presentation on the history of Arbor Day, natural and cultural history of the Arbor Day Tree Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus and comments by WMU administration. Communication Strategy: Arbor Day celebrations are publicized through two campus newspapers, “The Western News” and “The Western Herald”, as well as the WMU website and flyers posted on University Information boards. The week prior to the celebration the staff created a Tree Campus USA display in the WMU Student Center entrance display case. 2015 Arbor Day Tree, Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus
15 WMU Arbor Day Celebration, April 24, 2015 WMU Sindecuse Health Center Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus
16 Standard 5: WMU Educational Involvement & Service Learning Projects Campus Tree Walk/Tour: This project, named Wood Hall Tree Tour, was completed in 2010. It consists of a tour through the center of campus and highlights interesting facts about selected landscape trees. Informational signage was added to each tree location to aid customers in identification. Maps were designed and posted on the WMU Landscape Service’s website to provide a self guided tour. Staff guided tree tours are also available through the WMU Landscape Services department. In 2013 the Tree tour was expanded to include 5 more trees. Some of the groups participating in 2015 include: Student Orientation Leaders ,Student Admission Ambassadors, Student Scholars, Health and Wellness group, Haenicke Institute Staff, Students for Sustainable Earth, WMU Biology Club, Students from the Office for Sustainability, WMU Development Office. Asylum Lake Preserve Ecological Management: The Asylum Lake Policy and Management Council in cooperation with WMU Landscape Services, has hired a profes- sional ecological restoration company to accomplish management goals in the Asylum Lake Preserve. Crews have been selectively removing and treating invasive plants in the woodland understory over the last few years and burn this brush when conditions are favorable under permit from the Kalamazoo Fire Marshall. This is the fifth consecutive year of in- tensive management techniques aimed at improving the ecological condition of the preserve. Over 54 acres of Oak woodland have been managed thus far. The preserve is an important natural area asset of campus but is also a valuable part of the wider community and is frequently used by many Kalamazoo residents. Additional work at the preserve in 2015 included invasive species management in a savanna restoration unit and planning for prescribed prairie burn in 2016 WMU Woodlot Tree Inventory; Starting in the Winter of 2013 WMU Natural Areas and Preserves program embarked on an ambitious project to identi- fy, measure and GPS campus woodlot trees. The goal of this inventory is to provide baseline data on the diversity, dis- tribution and sizes of WMU campus tree assets. This data can be used by Campus Planning to adjust the footprint of new construction in order that valuable and heritage trees can be saved for future generations. In addition the data can be used by Professors and students to enhance education in the biological and environmental sciences. Currently 14% of main campus woodlots (19+ acres) have been surveyed with over 3000 trees mapped. This project has identified many campus trees of significant size, age or species and is providing data critical for future woodlot management plans. An additional population of Dwarf Hackberry trees Celtis tenuifolia were discovered at the Parkview Campus. Success with this project has prompted the University to consider a Natural Features Inventory of all Campus properties. Dwarf Hackberry (Celtis tenuifolia) Savanna Restoration: Through the work of WMU Biology Professor Dr. Todd J. Barkman and his students, the first recorded population of Dwarf Hackberry (Celtis tenuifolia), in Kalamazoo County was discovered on a woodland site located behind a campus apartment complex and student community gardens. This tree is listed as a species of special concern in Michigan with only a few specimens are found this far north. Once associated with the now rare Burr Oak savanna, this tree of the open woodland has been slowly surrounded by a forest of invasive species and larger trees that will eventually shade out these rare individuals. One tree in this WMU population was determined to be the Michigan State champion of this spe- cies. Originally 29 Dwarf Hackberry trees were identified in this area. The Student Sustainability Grant Allocations Committee awarded $4212.57 in 2013 for this restoration project to remove encroaching invasive species and intro- duce native plants. The grant also paid for informational signage, and an Aldo Leopold Bench for visitors. The project was spearheaded by the student groups Bioclub and Students for a Sustainable Earth, and supervised by the WMU Nat- ural Areas and Preserves manager. . The trees are being used in BIOS 5260 Molecular Biology class for DNA extrac- tion and positive identification of the individuals in the population. Several more individuals of this species have been identified in 2015 as management continues on the site.
17 During 2015 Natural Areas and Preserves Program partnering with schools and service groups facilitated over 4000 customer hours of education and service activities on WMU properties. Some of the highlights for 2015: Kazoo Grade School: students grade 6-8 weekly activities throughout the school year in Kleinstuck Preserve. Montessori School: educational programs in Kleinstuck Preserve 3 times during the year. Saint Augustine Grade School: 6th and 7th grade Service learning in Kleinstuck Preserve two times per year. WMU Office for Sustainability: tours of Asylum Lake, Storm water, tree tour, sustainability tour. M-Tech Class: Presettlement vegetation of Michigan, tour of Asylum Lake. WMU Finch Greenhouse: Harvesting and propagating native plants for Landscape and Natural Areas projects. Natural Areas Program :Presented to Garden Clubs, environmental groups and Students to inform them of the educational and research opportunities available on WMU properties. WMU Landscape Tours: Campus tours are provided on request to staff, students, visitors and groups interested in learning about topics related to sustainability, horticulture, storm water, trees, perennials, annuals on the WMU cam- pus and Natural Areas. WMU Classes and Research Utilizing Trees ,Woodlots and Natural Areas on Campus: BIOS 1620 Evolution and Ecology: Uses Campus woodlots for succession labs. BIOS 2020, General Botany: This class utilizes various campus plantings for laboratory exercises, including the trees at WMU’s Asylum Lake Preserve. BIOS 4270, Systematic Botany: This class utilizes the entirety of main campus as well as Asylum Lake Preserve, to identify the major seed plant families as well as individual species using plant taxonomic keys. BIOS 3010, Ecology: This class utilizes the tree and insect community on WMU preserves. BIOS 5260: Uses various trees and shrubs for RNA extraction for biochemistry experiments BIOS 5470: Ornithology, uses campus natural areas BIOS 5535: Freshwater Ecology ENVS 1100: Nature and Society, uses campus natural areas ENVS 2260: Field Environmental Ecology. ENVS 3000: Intro to Sustainability ENVS 3600: Environment and Culture, uses Kleinstuck Preserve. ENVS 4010: Service Learning Projects in Natural Areas. GEOG 2650, Introduction to Geospatial Technology: This course teaches students the techniques involved in orienteering with different technologies. Trees are used as waypoints and markers. GEOS 5500: WMU Geoscience: Geophysics field study. Geomatics: Uses natural areas for surveying laboratory WMU Department of Military Science, Experiential Leadership Development. Current Research: “ Dr.Sharon Gill, Erin Grabarczyk, WMU Biology: Effect of anthropogenic noise on the behavior of wrens. Alex Ebenstein :Asylum Lake Mobile Phone Application Dr. Todd Barkman, WMU Biology: Oak forest regeneration field study. Dr. Steve Kohler, WMU Environmental Studies: Asylum Lake water Quality field study. Tyler Bassett, MSU / ALPMC: Pre and post, prescribed burn vegetation analysis. Dr. Carla Koretsky, Dr. Kathryn Docherty “The influence of road deicers on the water chemistry of lakes In the Kalamazoo River watershed.” Standard 5: WMU Educational Involvement & Service Learning Projects, Continued:
18 Standard 5: WMU Educational Involvement & Service Learning Projects, Continued: No Child Left Inside: This is a program for 3rd graders from 4 different schools in the Kalamazoo County. Landscape Services partners with the Kalamazoo Nature Center to host educational events for the students at WMU’s Asylum Lake Preserves. The students are exposed to concepts of environmental stewardship, team building, and ecological restoration of prairie and forest habitats. This years No Child Left Inside events were held on 5/9/15 and served over 150 children. And 30 parents, teachers and volunteers. Stewards of Kleinstuck: The Stewards of Kleinstuck are a group of neighbors and community mem- bers who facilitated over 2000 hours of volunteer labor at WMU’s Kleinstuck Preserve in 2015. Landscape Services has facilitated this group in their efforts to restore the ecology of the forest habitat, write a manage- ment plan, and host educational and service events throughout the year. First Year Experience: Every year, the WMU students enrolled in a First Year Experience Seminar complete a service learning project with Landscape Services. Projects range from planting native vegetation, woodlot management, and invasive vegetation control. In addition to service projects students in 2015 partici- pated in tours of Campus sustainability initiatives ,storm water features. And the Wood Hall Tree Tour. “Spring Into the Streets” and “Fall into the Streets”; WMU students including sororities and fraterni- ties are involved in a service learning project through Landscape Services every fall and spring. The Spring and Fall groups worked to remove invasive vegetation at Asylum lake Preserve to restore Oak savanna habitat. MAIN CAMPUS, (130+ acres of woodlots) 410 hours of staff and visitors tours, educational programs and volunteer service events 500 hours of student tours, training, educational programs and volunteer events. Staff mentor for 5 undergraduate students. Facilitated and consulted on research projects for 2 graduate students. Assisted 5 faculty professors with field programs and classroom presentations. PARKVIEW CAMPUS (100+ acres of Prairie and engineered wetland 240 customer hours of educational programs, volunteer events and tours for staff, students and visitors. Completion of CEAS/BTR management plan and implementation of management activities on existing prairie landscape Identification and management of newly discovered population of Dwarf Hackberry trees. KLEINSTUCK PRESERVE (48 acres wooded wetland) 730 adult volunteer / education hours 1570 student volunteer/ education hours ASYLUM LAKE PRESERVE (274 acres Oak woodland, prairie, savanna and wetland) 150 adult volunteer/education hours. 700 student volunteer/education hours. Natural Areas Volunteer Service Hour Summary
19 Affiliations and Continuing Education: The Department of Landscape Services maintains several affil- iations for its key personnel. The organizations include: International Society of Arboriculture Michigan Landscape and Nursery Association Arboriculture Society of Michigan Society of Municipal Arborists Michigan Turfgrass Foundation Kalamazoo Valley Landscape & Nursery Association Professional Grounds Management Society National Arbor Day Foundation Wildflower Association of Michigan Master Gardener Guild PLANET M-Tech Staff education program Osier Lifelong Learning Wildland Fire Training Several staff members have degrees and backgrounds in the Green Industry. Degrees earned include Landscape and Nursery Management, Forestry, Environmental Resource Management, and Horticulture. The department supports employees in maintaining certifications and licenses by allowing them to participate in educational opportunities related to the work of the department. The Landscape Services staff contains the following certifications/licenses: 5Certified Arborists 1 Horticulturalist 12 Master Gardeners 2 Certified Tree Risk Assessors 34 Certified Pesticide Applicators 1 Certified Landscape Professional
20 Western Michigan University 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 2014, 2015

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Tree Campus 2015 final v1

  • 1. Western Michigan University Application submitted by WMU Facilities Management Landscape Services December 2015 Tree Campus USA
  • 2. 2 Tree Campus U.S.A. 2015 Introduction Since 2008, Western Michigan University has been a proud recipient of the Tree Campus U.S.A. designation. It takes a great many people, staff, students, faculty and administrators, all dedicated to the health and welfare of trees, to develop and implement the information and projects that make this honor possible. A special thanks goes to all the professionals in the WMU Landscape Services Department for the work they do every day of the year to make this campus safe, clean and beautiful. The honor of a Tree Campus U.S.A. designa- tion is a point of pride for the Landscape staff and helps to focus attention on the health and diversity of campus trees in every task that is undertaken on the WMU campus. While the future holds many challenges for our campus trees, new construction, invasive species, disease, insects, and climate change, the work done to achieve the Tree Campus U.S.A. standing has put WMU on a path to identify and solve these issues over time. Not just a pretty sign to hang on a wall, Tree Campus U.S.A. gives us a structure and a forum to discuss, experiment and document the work this University does to advance the survival and diversity of trees on this beautiful campus. The WMU campus has experienced a flurry of construction projects during the last year all of which can impact natural areas adversely. Using the standards and protocols set out in Tree Campus USA has allowed us to move forward with needed improvements without sacrificing our natural heritage. Renovation of a main campus pond landscape to coincide with a new dining facility has allowed us to improve the health of surrounding woodlots by removing invasive species. Completion of the Historic East Campus Alumni project, the birthplace of WMU, now provides opportunity to protect and enhance the heritage woods that have grown up with the University. Ongoing management of Rare Dwarf Hackberry trees, woodlot tree inventories, planting of native plants and numerous educational programs are possible in part ,due to the dedication our staff has for protecting trees and fulfilling the mission of Tree Campus U.S.A. We hope this publication of the WMU Tree Campus U.S.A. application will inform, educate and foster an appre- ciation of the value of trees. We hope you will agree that healthy, beautiful trees play an important part in campus sustainability and student recruitment and retention here at WMU . Steve Keto Natural Areas and Preserves Manager
  • 3. 3 Western Michigan University Tree Campus USA Standard 1: WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee Mission Statement: The WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee’s purpose is to cel- ebrate trees and demonstrate a commitment to the preservation and protection of trees. The committee shall be involved in the planning process of campus construction projects and provide exper- tise related to tree risk assessment, selection, placement and valuation. The committee is entrusted with enforcing the Tree Care Plan and Policy outlined in this document and edu- cating the campus and local community as to these standards. Organization: The Western Michigan University Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee was established as part of the Tree Campus USA initiative developed by the National Arbor Day Foundation. The committee consists of members of the faculty, staff and student groups and includes a representative of the wider Kalamazoo Community. The committee shall meet a minimum of twice per year, and additionally as needed. Roles of the Committee Members: The committee members will serve a term of one year with option to renew. Members shall select a chairperson from the committee. The chairperson shall establish meeting times, moderate the meetings, and assign tasks related to the committee’s work. All members are expected to be en- gaged in the work of the committee and endeavor to attend all meetings in person or by proxy. Tree Campus Advisory Committee Meetings: April 1, 2015 and September 30, 2015
  • 4. 4 Members: WMU Faculty and Staff Dr. Todd Barkman, WMU Professor, Biological Sciences todd.barkman@wmich.edu Dr. David Lemberg, WMU Professor, Geography david.lember@wmich.edu David Dakin, WMU Director Campus Planning and Architecture david.dakin@wmich.edu John Disbro, WMU Landscape Services Staff /Certified Arborist john.disbro@wmich.edu Darrell Junkins, WMU Landscape Services Supervisor/Certified Arborist darrell.junkins@wmich.edu Steve Root, WMU Landscape Services Supervisor/Certified Arborist steve.root@wmich.edu Mike Taylor, WMU Landscape Services Gardener/Certified Arborist michael.j15.taylor@wmich.edu Steve Keto, WMU Natural Areas Manager steve.keto@wmich.edu Tom Sauber, WMU Landscape Services Manager tom.sauber@wmich.edu Nick Gooch, WMU Landscape Services Horticulturalist nicholas.j.gooch@wmich.edu Tim Holysz, WMU Landscape Services Director tim.holysz@wmich.edu Pauly Gourley, WMU Landscape Services, Grounds Parkview paul.gourley@wmich.edu Members: City of Kalamazoo Staff Todd Pryor, Kalamazoo City Forester/Certified Arborist pryort@kalamazoocity.org Mark Polega, Kalamazoo City Parks and Recreation polegam@kalamazoocity.org Members: WMU Student Jennifer Lyon jennifer.d.lyon@wmich.edu
  • 5. 5 Standard 2: WMU Tree Care Plan and Policies PURPOSE The purpose of the Western Michigan University Tree Care Plan and Policies is to define protocols and give guidance and direction as to the best practices for any developments affecting woody plants on campus. This plan will be used by the Landscape Services Department, Campus Planning Department and the WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee in executing any of the landscape projects on University properties. The Plan and Policies outlined below are in-line with other major University campuses around the country and adherence to them will help to ensure that we maintain a safe campus environment while protect- ing the natural heritage of the State of Michigan at the same time. AUTHORITY Implementation and enforcement of the Tree Care Plan and Policies and best management practices involving existing and future campus plantings and landscapes resides with the professional staff of the Western Michigan University Landscape Services Department. WMU TREE CAMPUS USA POLICY AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE The committee is comprised of community members as well as WMU faculty, staff and students from several academic and operational departments around campus. A subcommittee, made up of WMU faculty and staff, meets more regularly when needed to discuss ongoing projects. The committee has been working to have the tree care plan and policies officially adopted by the University. PROTOCOL FOR CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AFFECTING THE LANDSCAPE 1. Prior to site design, the Director of Landscape Services will appoint a subcommittee of the WMU Tree Campus USA Advisory Committee. This subcommittee must be consulted to ensure that campus planning activities are aligned with the Tree Care Plan and Policies. 2. Prior to the start of construction, the committee will review plans and develop tree protection strategies. 3. Prior to start of construction, the committee will develop mitigation strategies for on-site woody plants, if deemed necessary. This will include a monetary valuation of trees and initiating a dialogue with goal of maximizing the value of the campus landscape and minimizing the costs of construction. 4. During the project, the committee will monitor and oversee adherence to planting specifications and tree protection strategies. Violations of any construction agreements will result in financial offset to be paid from project funds. 5. After construction, a representative from the committee will be involved in the final project walk-through and will monitor the plantings covered throughout the warranty period. Plantings that do not meet the Land- scape Services specifications throughout the contractor’s warranty period will have to be replaced per the agreed upon contract. Tree Damage Assessment This Landscape Services Department works closely with campus planning and vendors to assure that any damage to trees is quickly identified and remediated. Funds from construction projects will be used as an offset for damages incurred to trees on campus during development projects. The amount of damage caused would be assessed and determined by WMU Landscape Services arborists using the 9th Edition for Plant Ap- praisal, developed by The Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers and The Michigan Tree Evaluation Supplement. Additional money can be used for research, management or future landscape projects that would further the standards and goals of the WMU Tree Campus USA Policy and Standards Committee.
  • 6. 6 TREE CARE POLICIES Plant Selection: Specific plant selection is made by the professional staff of WMU’s Landscape Ser- vices Department. Plant material provided to WMU will be true to name as confirmed by Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Michael A. Dirr, Sixth Edition, 2009. Plant material should be from USDA hardiness Zone 5. The key goal of tree selection is diversity. Trees are selected, both exotic and native, based on site conditions. Locations are selected after consulting the Campus Master Plan. Invasive or problematic species are strongly discouraged. The department consults with the Michigan Invasive Plant Council for information on invasive plants. The department also reviews contracted landscape design proposals and recommends changes as to tree selection and location when necessary. All shade or street trees will have comparatively straight trunks, well developed leaders, tops, and roots and will be characteristic of the species, cultivar or variety. They will exhibit evidence of proper nursery pruning practices, have acceptable balance between top and root and be free of the above objectionable features that may affect the future form and beauty of the tree. The minimum acceptable shade tree caliper will be 3" as measured 6" above ground. Ball size will conform to ANSI Z60.1 specifications. Planting: Trees, shrubs and planting beds shall be planted after final grades are established and prior to planting/seeding of lawns, unless otherwise acceptable to the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative. If planting of trees, shrubs or planting beds occurs after lawn work is complet- ed, lawn areas shall be protected and any damage done to lawn areas as a result of planting operations shall be promptly repaired. No planting will be performed when the ground is frozen unless approved by Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative. Balled and Burlaped (B&B) Plants: Set plants in planting hole to proper grade and position and face plants to give the best appearance, rela- tionship with other plants and relationship with adjacent structures. Plants shall be set on undisturbed soil, plumb and in the center of the excavated planting hole. Remove wire baskets to a depth of one-half (1/2) the depth of the ball and remove burlap and rope from the top of the ball. Place planting mixture around root ball to a depth of one-half (1/2) the height of the root ball. Settle the soil and fill voids around the root ball by watering. Remove burlap and ties to a depth of 1/2 the depth of the ball.
  • 7. 7 After the water has been absorbed, fill the remainder of the planting pit, up to grade, with planting mix- ture. Water again after placing final layer of backfill and form a watering saucer from planting soil mixture when the plant is isolated. To provide natural drainage in heavy or compacted soils, root ball must be elevated slightly above grade and planting mixture used to create a mound around the root ball. Container-grown plant material: Container-grown stock will be planted as above specified for B&B plants. Remove containers before planting in a manner which will not damage the root ball. Vertically severing or slicing the sides of the root mass will not be necessary as pot bound container material will not be accepted. Bare-root plant material: Sever damaged roots with a clean, sharp pruner before planting. Bare-root stock will be planted so that the roots are arranged in a natural position and planting mixture carefully worked-in among roots. Settle the soil and fill voids around the roots by watering. Form a watering basin from planting mixture. Trees Planted with a Tree Spade Sever damaged roots with a clean, sharp pruner before planting. In heavy soils, the sides of holes dug with a tree spade shall be scarified with a shovel or spade to encour- age root penetration into surrounding soil. The area outside the root plug and within an area three-times (3X) the plug diameter will be tilled and to a depth of 8". A layer of compost, 3"-5" in depth will be evenly spread over the planting site, 3x the root plug diameter, and tilled a second time as above. Care will be taken not to till the tree-spaded root plug. Settle the soil and fill voids around the roots by watering thoroughly. Form a watering saucer from planting soil mixture around the perimeter of the tilled planting site (3x the root plug diameter).
  • 8. 8 Mulching: Mulching shall take place within 48 hours of plant installation. Trees and shrubs will be mulched to a depth of 3" over each individual planting site and will not be placed within 6" of tree trunks. Keep mulch off sidewalks, curbs, light standards and other structures. Wrapping: Unless specified by the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff repre- sentative, the trunks of deciduous trees shall not be wrapped. If the Director of Landscape Services or Land- scape Services staff representative specifies that individual trees need to be wrapped, the material used will be waterproofed crepe paper not less than 2 ½” wide, made up of two layers of crepe craft paper weighing not less than 30 pounds per ream and cemented together with asphalt. When wrapping, begin at the base of the tree and extend wrap up to the first lateral branches. The wrap shall be applied in a spiral manner with an overlap of one-half the width of the paper. The specified twine shall be used to hold wrap in place and will only be tied tightly enough to keep the paper from sliding down the trunk. Twine will be secured both at the top and bottom and at 18" maximum intervals in between. Staking: In general, trees are not staked if their soil ball is firm. The moving of the stem in the wind makes for a stronger tree. If guying is necessary, non-abrasive strapping is used, so as not to constrict the stem. Guying remains on the tree for 12 to 18 months and any wires are flagged for safety. Pruning: Campus trees are maintained by two certified arborists. The pruning techniques employed include natural target pruning, as developed by the late Dr. Alex Shigo, and structural pruning as developed by Dr. Ed Gilman. Trees are generally pruned on a three to four year cycle with damaged or pre-determined hazard trees taking priority. Transplanting: When necessary, due to construction, trees are moved to new locations. The WMU Landscape Services department’s arborists are responsible for site selection and method of transplanting. Tree spades and balled & burlaped are the preferred methods of moving trees. Fertilizing: The WMU Arborists refrain from using synthetic fertilizers for trees. Soil fertility is im- proved by the breakdown of mulch, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and organic sources. Individual nutri- ents are added by soil or trunk injection if shown by soil testing to be deficient. WMU Landscape Services uses ANSI A 300 (Part 2) and the best management practices on tree and shrub fertilization (International Society of Ar- Storm Management and Hazard Tree Assessment: In the event of a storm or condition that results in fallen trees and tree damage the first line of defense are the public safety personnel who patrol the campus 24 hours/day, seven days a week. When damaged trees are discovered, the Public Safety Department contacts the Director of Landscape Services or subordinate personnel who, in turn, assess the situation and decide what landscape personnel and equipment are required. The WMU staff arborists are responsible for assessing the safety of the situation and removal of the trees to alleviate hazards and clear roads and walks. The Landscape Services department’s certified arborists are responsible for assessing campus trees for hazard potential. The arborists use techniques and equipment, both old and new (sounding and resistograph), to eval- uate trees. They also use visual tree assessment techniques as developed by leading researchers.
  • 9. 9 TREE PROTECTION POLICIES The Department of Landscape Services has developed concise guidelines to protect our campus landscape and accommodate the work of the University. Damage to WMU-owned trees, shrubs, and other plant material due to contractor negligence or accident shall be repaired only by the staff of WMU Landscape Services Department, or their designated contractor. Land- scape Services shall remove and replace any trees, shrubs and other plant material determined to be exces- sively damaged due to prohibited practices. The costs of all such repairs, removals, replacements, and an amount of value lost will be the liability of the contractor and billed accordingly. The following specific responsibilities are required of the contractor when marked: To protect the immediate portion of tree root zones, NO construction equipment or materials; sand, soil, gravel, or any other materials shall be placed, parked, or stored on the surface of any unpaved areas with- in the radius of one and a half times the drip line (outermost reach of branches referred to as protected zone) of trees. NO chemicals, rinsates, or petroleum products shall be deposited within the protected zones of trees. Tree protection barricades shall be erected to define the protected zones (see attached tree protection dia gram). All unpaved area within the zones of each tree in the construction site shall be fenced. The fencing shall be installed by Landscape Services or contractor as specified prior to set-up for construction. It is understood that the proximity of a tree to a worksite may require temporary access to a protected zone. A temporary path may be constructed in these cases with prior approval from the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative. To preserve viable root systems and maintain structural stability, it is required that the contractor bore or tunnel beneath the root systems of trees. Open-cut excavating is allowed only up to the distance from various size trees, as listed below. You must bore or tunnel from trench to trench below the minimum depth indicated for the tree size. The surface area and subsoil directly adjacent to trees shall not be disturbed as follows: Open-Cut Trenching and Boring Specs Tree Size Minimum Undisturbed Radius Minimum Depth (diameter/inches) (measured from face of trunk) of Tunnel/Bore less than 3” 3 feet 3 feet 3” through 8” 8 feet 3 feet 8” through 14” 14 feet 4 feet larger than 14” 20 feet 4 feet
  • 10. 10 A pre-construction site walk-thru will be scheduled with the Director of Landscape Services or Landscape Services staff representative and contractor prior to any construction being done. This meeting will include the site construction superintendent and a representative of WMU Landscape Services. Care shall be taken not to damage tree trunks and branches. The WMU Landscape Services Department shall be contacted at least three (3) business days prior to the set-up for any construction to discuss problems of overhanging branches which may be damaged. All excavation in the protected zone shall be backfilled only with clean, viable soil. If possible, native soil from the site should be returned, and if not possible soil returned should match existing soil profile. NO concrete, slurry, gravel, stone, sand, or other such materials shall be used for backfill. Flush backfilled excavations to settle material. Restoration shall be to original grade, unless otherwise specified. GOALS AND TARGETS WMU Landscape Services will be building on our tree inventory database by adding monetary values and hazard classifications to trees on campus. The Department will also begin to list highly sensitive areas on cam- pus that contain trees of high historic value. These areas will then be mapped and used to guide activities that may impact the trees. Landscape Services has developed a Landscape Services Master Plan coordinated with the Western Michigan University Campus Master Plan. The purpose of the Landscape Services Master Plan is to provide guidance for future campus landscape planning and design which will ultimately enhance the quality of life on campus and in adjacent communities, increase the sustainability and ecological health of the campus landscape, and create a more uniquely defined image for Western Michigan University. The plan outlines goals such as man- aging campus woodlots for ecological health, increasing sustainability of campus by choosing plants/trees which require less maintenance and using more efficient technology, and choosing native species when feasi- ble. TREE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT The Landscape Services department employs certified arborists charged with the responsibility of assessing tree damage. Tree value is determined by current market value per 1” DBH. Where applicable, large trees are valued using the 9th Edition for Plant Appraisal, developed by The Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers and The Michigan Tree Evaluation Supplement. PROHIBITED PRACTICES Our guidelines were developed by the arborists and are part of our landscape specifications sent out to land- scape contractors bidding on University projects. “Prohibited Practices” by contractor shall include: Breaking of branches, scraping of bark, or unauthorized cutting Nailing or bolting into plants; use of plants as temporary support (i.e., cables) Chaining, bolting, or cabling equipment to trees Unauthorized filling, excavating, trenching, or auguring within protected zone Compaction/driving over the protected zone Storage of any materials or vehicles within the protected zone Dumping of construction waste or material (including liquids) Unauthorized removal or relocation of woody plants
  • 11. 11 DEFINITIONS OF TERMINOLOGY The glossary of arboricultural terms, published by the ISA (International Society of Arboriculture) in 2006 is the definitive guide we use to define tree terms. Additionally, some terms are explained in the WMU Campus Woody Plant Protection Definitions document developed by Landscape Services. Terms are defined below. “Landscape Services Arborist Responsibilities” Tie-back of existing trees and shrubs Pruning/thinning Root pruning and root protection of exposed roots Watering of existing trees under stress Removal or relocation not specified within construction documents These measures shall be done only by Landscape Services arborists, unless otherwise arranged, as needed to provide either preventative or remedial care to plants on a construction site. “Construction Fencing” NO construction work, parking of vehicles, storage of materials, or related activities shall occur beyond this boundary fencing. Construction fencing shall be chain link, unless otherwise agreed upon. “Tree Protection Barricade” Shall be defined as wood rail fencing constructed of 4”x4” posts at eight feet (8’) maximum on center, and three 2”x4” (or better) wood rails; lined with at least one four foot (4’) tall snow fence (or similar approved construction barrier fencing) which meets existing grade and encircles the entire area. Standard height of top rail shall be eight fee (8’); for variations, refer to site drawings. Failure to install barricades as directed may halt work and plant damage occurring within installed barricades does not absolve contractor from “damage” assessment. “Temporary Path” If required, shall be defined as a zone within the specified protected zone of a tree to enable temporary move- ment of equipment. It shall be eight to ten inches (8-10”) of wood chips as located by the Landscape Services arborist or designated representative. Wood chips shall be removed immediately upon completion of work in an area; soil aeration may be required during site restoration. COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Landscape Services will be working with various departments to inform them of the uses for this document. Upon official adoption, the plan will be published on our website and will be publicly available. We will also include information from this plan in our Landscape Services Specifications which will be given to contractors prior to the start of construction projects.
  • 12. 12 Standard 3: WMU Dedicated Annual Expenditures and Statistics for Campus Tree Program (through December 31, 2015) Tree Planting and Initial Care Costs $218,719.00 Campus Tree Management Costs $66,580.00 Volunteer Time from Student and Civic Organiza- tions ($18/hr.) $77,400.00 Total Annual Expenditures $362,699.00 2015Annual Expenditures: 2015 Additional Campus Tree Details: Trees Protected and/or Transplanted from Construction Sites in 2015 21 *These numbers represent all trees removed for all reasons, plant health, customer safety, construction. **These numbers represent all trees planted by WMU staff and contractors as replacement, and additions to new land- scapes *** As sites are still under construction, not all trees scheduled for replacement have been installed. Site Trees Removed* Trees Planted** Balance as of All WMU Campus 138 108 -30
  • 13. 13 WMU Campus Tree Canopy Cover Details 2015 Standard 3: WMU Dedicated Annual Expenditures and Statistics for Campus Tree Program (through December 31, 2015) Site Total Acres Canopy Acres 2014 Canopy Acres 2015 % Canopy Cover % Change WMU Main campus 618.14 131.12 131.12 21.21 0 WMU Parkview Campus 182 35.89 35.89 19.78 0 Kleinstuck Preserve 48 35.08 35.08 73.08 0 Asylum Lake Preserve 278 109.31 109.31 39.32 0 Grand Totals 1126.14 311.40 311.40 27.65 0.0 Trees At Risk* * With ongoing campus construction extending beyond the time frame of Tree Campus USA statistics, a new category “Trees at Risk “seeks to identify trees that may or may not survive development. These numbers are generated from previous tree database inventories that fall within construction zone. Once construction is complete the numbers will be justified in fu- ture TCUSA applications. **Landscape amenity trees Only *** Woodlot trees only Project Site 2015-2016 Amenity Trees at Risk** Woodlot Canopy at Risk*** Goldsworth Valley Pond Enhancements 16+ .5 acres Stadium Drive Apartments 7 Central Campus Redevelopment 16
  • 14. 14 Standard 4: WMU Arbor Day Observance Arbor Day: WMU has observed Arbor Day for 10 consecutive years, from 2006 to 2015. Celebration ac- tivities include the planting and dedication of a tree on campus, a presentation on the history of Arbor Day, natural and cultural history of the Arbor Day Tree Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus and comments by WMU administration. Communication Strategy: Arbor Day celebrations are publicized through two campus newspapers, “The Western News” and “The Western Herald”, as well as the WMU website and flyers posted on University Information boards. The week prior to the celebration the staff created a Tree Campus USA display in the WMU Student Center entrance display case. 2015 Arbor Day Tree, Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus
  • 15. 15 WMU Arbor Day Celebration, April 24, 2015 WMU Sindecuse Health Center Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus
  • 16. 16 Standard 5: WMU Educational Involvement & Service Learning Projects Campus Tree Walk/Tour: This project, named Wood Hall Tree Tour, was completed in 2010. It consists of a tour through the center of campus and highlights interesting facts about selected landscape trees. Informational signage was added to each tree location to aid customers in identification. Maps were designed and posted on the WMU Landscape Service’s website to provide a self guided tour. Staff guided tree tours are also available through the WMU Landscape Services department. In 2013 the Tree tour was expanded to include 5 more trees. Some of the groups participating in 2015 include: Student Orientation Leaders ,Student Admission Ambassadors, Student Scholars, Health and Wellness group, Haenicke Institute Staff, Students for Sustainable Earth, WMU Biology Club, Students from the Office for Sustainability, WMU Development Office. Asylum Lake Preserve Ecological Management: The Asylum Lake Policy and Management Council in cooperation with WMU Landscape Services, has hired a profes- sional ecological restoration company to accomplish management goals in the Asylum Lake Preserve. Crews have been selectively removing and treating invasive plants in the woodland understory over the last few years and burn this brush when conditions are favorable under permit from the Kalamazoo Fire Marshall. This is the fifth consecutive year of in- tensive management techniques aimed at improving the ecological condition of the preserve. Over 54 acres of Oak woodland have been managed thus far. The preserve is an important natural area asset of campus but is also a valuable part of the wider community and is frequently used by many Kalamazoo residents. Additional work at the preserve in 2015 included invasive species management in a savanna restoration unit and planning for prescribed prairie burn in 2016 WMU Woodlot Tree Inventory; Starting in the Winter of 2013 WMU Natural Areas and Preserves program embarked on an ambitious project to identi- fy, measure and GPS campus woodlot trees. The goal of this inventory is to provide baseline data on the diversity, dis- tribution and sizes of WMU campus tree assets. This data can be used by Campus Planning to adjust the footprint of new construction in order that valuable and heritage trees can be saved for future generations. In addition the data can be used by Professors and students to enhance education in the biological and environmental sciences. Currently 14% of main campus woodlots (19+ acres) have been surveyed with over 3000 trees mapped. This project has identified many campus trees of significant size, age or species and is providing data critical for future woodlot management plans. An additional population of Dwarf Hackberry trees Celtis tenuifolia were discovered at the Parkview Campus. Success with this project has prompted the University to consider a Natural Features Inventory of all Campus properties. Dwarf Hackberry (Celtis tenuifolia) Savanna Restoration: Through the work of WMU Biology Professor Dr. Todd J. Barkman and his students, the first recorded population of Dwarf Hackberry (Celtis tenuifolia), in Kalamazoo County was discovered on a woodland site located behind a campus apartment complex and student community gardens. This tree is listed as a species of special concern in Michigan with only a few specimens are found this far north. Once associated with the now rare Burr Oak savanna, this tree of the open woodland has been slowly surrounded by a forest of invasive species and larger trees that will eventually shade out these rare individuals. One tree in this WMU population was determined to be the Michigan State champion of this spe- cies. Originally 29 Dwarf Hackberry trees were identified in this area. The Student Sustainability Grant Allocations Committee awarded $4212.57 in 2013 for this restoration project to remove encroaching invasive species and intro- duce native plants. The grant also paid for informational signage, and an Aldo Leopold Bench for visitors. The project was spearheaded by the student groups Bioclub and Students for a Sustainable Earth, and supervised by the WMU Nat- ural Areas and Preserves manager. . The trees are being used in BIOS 5260 Molecular Biology class for DNA extrac- tion and positive identification of the individuals in the population. Several more individuals of this species have been identified in 2015 as management continues on the site.
  • 17. 17 During 2015 Natural Areas and Preserves Program partnering with schools and service groups facilitated over 4000 customer hours of education and service activities on WMU properties. Some of the highlights for 2015: Kazoo Grade School: students grade 6-8 weekly activities throughout the school year in Kleinstuck Preserve. Montessori School: educational programs in Kleinstuck Preserve 3 times during the year. Saint Augustine Grade School: 6th and 7th grade Service learning in Kleinstuck Preserve two times per year. WMU Office for Sustainability: tours of Asylum Lake, Storm water, tree tour, sustainability tour. M-Tech Class: Presettlement vegetation of Michigan, tour of Asylum Lake. WMU Finch Greenhouse: Harvesting and propagating native plants for Landscape and Natural Areas projects. Natural Areas Program :Presented to Garden Clubs, environmental groups and Students to inform them of the educational and research opportunities available on WMU properties. WMU Landscape Tours: Campus tours are provided on request to staff, students, visitors and groups interested in learning about topics related to sustainability, horticulture, storm water, trees, perennials, annuals on the WMU cam- pus and Natural Areas. WMU Classes and Research Utilizing Trees ,Woodlots and Natural Areas on Campus: BIOS 1620 Evolution and Ecology: Uses Campus woodlots for succession labs. BIOS 2020, General Botany: This class utilizes various campus plantings for laboratory exercises, including the trees at WMU’s Asylum Lake Preserve. BIOS 4270, Systematic Botany: This class utilizes the entirety of main campus as well as Asylum Lake Preserve, to identify the major seed plant families as well as individual species using plant taxonomic keys. BIOS 3010, Ecology: This class utilizes the tree and insect community on WMU preserves. BIOS 5260: Uses various trees and shrubs for RNA extraction for biochemistry experiments BIOS 5470: Ornithology, uses campus natural areas BIOS 5535: Freshwater Ecology ENVS 1100: Nature and Society, uses campus natural areas ENVS 2260: Field Environmental Ecology. ENVS 3000: Intro to Sustainability ENVS 3600: Environment and Culture, uses Kleinstuck Preserve. ENVS 4010: Service Learning Projects in Natural Areas. GEOG 2650, Introduction to Geospatial Technology: This course teaches students the techniques involved in orienteering with different technologies. Trees are used as waypoints and markers. GEOS 5500: WMU Geoscience: Geophysics field study. Geomatics: Uses natural areas for surveying laboratory WMU Department of Military Science, Experiential Leadership Development. Current Research: “ Dr.Sharon Gill, Erin Grabarczyk, WMU Biology: Effect of anthropogenic noise on the behavior of wrens. Alex Ebenstein :Asylum Lake Mobile Phone Application Dr. Todd Barkman, WMU Biology: Oak forest regeneration field study. Dr. Steve Kohler, WMU Environmental Studies: Asylum Lake water Quality field study. Tyler Bassett, MSU / ALPMC: Pre and post, prescribed burn vegetation analysis. Dr. Carla Koretsky, Dr. Kathryn Docherty “The influence of road deicers on the water chemistry of lakes In the Kalamazoo River watershed.” Standard 5: WMU Educational Involvement & Service Learning Projects, Continued:
  • 18. 18 Standard 5: WMU Educational Involvement & Service Learning Projects, Continued: No Child Left Inside: This is a program for 3rd graders from 4 different schools in the Kalamazoo County. Landscape Services partners with the Kalamazoo Nature Center to host educational events for the students at WMU’s Asylum Lake Preserves. The students are exposed to concepts of environmental stewardship, team building, and ecological restoration of prairie and forest habitats. This years No Child Left Inside events were held on 5/9/15 and served over 150 children. And 30 parents, teachers and volunteers. Stewards of Kleinstuck: The Stewards of Kleinstuck are a group of neighbors and community mem- bers who facilitated over 2000 hours of volunteer labor at WMU’s Kleinstuck Preserve in 2015. Landscape Services has facilitated this group in their efforts to restore the ecology of the forest habitat, write a manage- ment plan, and host educational and service events throughout the year. First Year Experience: Every year, the WMU students enrolled in a First Year Experience Seminar complete a service learning project with Landscape Services. Projects range from planting native vegetation, woodlot management, and invasive vegetation control. In addition to service projects students in 2015 partici- pated in tours of Campus sustainability initiatives ,storm water features. And the Wood Hall Tree Tour. “Spring Into the Streets” and “Fall into the Streets”; WMU students including sororities and fraterni- ties are involved in a service learning project through Landscape Services every fall and spring. The Spring and Fall groups worked to remove invasive vegetation at Asylum lake Preserve to restore Oak savanna habitat. MAIN CAMPUS, (130+ acres of woodlots) 410 hours of staff and visitors tours, educational programs and volunteer service events 500 hours of student tours, training, educational programs and volunteer events. Staff mentor for 5 undergraduate students. Facilitated and consulted on research projects for 2 graduate students. Assisted 5 faculty professors with field programs and classroom presentations. PARKVIEW CAMPUS (100+ acres of Prairie and engineered wetland 240 customer hours of educational programs, volunteer events and tours for staff, students and visitors. Completion of CEAS/BTR management plan and implementation of management activities on existing prairie landscape Identification and management of newly discovered population of Dwarf Hackberry trees. KLEINSTUCK PRESERVE (48 acres wooded wetland) 730 adult volunteer / education hours 1570 student volunteer/ education hours ASYLUM LAKE PRESERVE (274 acres Oak woodland, prairie, savanna and wetland) 150 adult volunteer/education hours. 700 student volunteer/education hours. Natural Areas Volunteer Service Hour Summary
  • 19. 19 Affiliations and Continuing Education: The Department of Landscape Services maintains several affil- iations for its key personnel. The organizations include: International Society of Arboriculture Michigan Landscape and Nursery Association Arboriculture Society of Michigan Society of Municipal Arborists Michigan Turfgrass Foundation Kalamazoo Valley Landscape & Nursery Association Professional Grounds Management Society National Arbor Day Foundation Wildflower Association of Michigan Master Gardener Guild PLANET M-Tech Staff education program Osier Lifelong Learning Wildland Fire Training Several staff members have degrees and backgrounds in the Green Industry. Degrees earned include Landscape and Nursery Management, Forestry, Environmental Resource Management, and Horticulture. The department supports employees in maintaining certifications and licenses by allowing them to participate in educational opportunities related to the work of the department. The Landscape Services staff contains the following certifications/licenses: 5Certified Arborists 1 Horticulturalist 12 Master Gardeners 2 Certified Tree Risk Assessors 34 Certified Pesticide Applicators 1 Certified Landscape Professional
  • 20. 20 Western Michigan University 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 2014, 2015