Trigeminal n.
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The trigeminal nerve arises from the pons and has three main divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve is sensory to the eye and parts of the nose and forehead. The maxillary nerve is sensory to parts of the face and upper teeth. The mandibular nerve is mixed sensory and motor, innervating the lower face, teeth, and muscles of mastication. It exits through the foramen ovale. The document then describes the branches and distributions of each trigeminal nerve division.
Trigeminal n.
- 2. • The trigeminal nerve arises as a short, thick sensory trunk and a smaller motor component from the ventrolateral aspect of the pons.
- 3. • Sensory to the following structures: 1. the face, 2. the greater part of the scalp, 3. the teeth, 4. the oral and nasal cavities, 5. the dura mater
- 4. Motor to the following structures: 1. the masticatory muscles, 2. the anterior belly of the digastric, 3. tensor tympani, 4. tensor veli palatini, 5. and the mylohyoid.
- 5. ROUTE OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE
- 6. • The nerve passes anteriorly over the petrous temporal ridge into a tunnel of dura mater (trigeminal or Meckel’s cave) within the middle cranial fossa. Within the cave, the nerve flattens out as the large trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion • And this, in turn, gives rise to three divisions:
- 7. V1 - Opthalmic N. (Sensory) V2 - Maxillary N. ( Sensory) V3 -Mandibular N. (Mixed)
- 9. • The superior and the smallest of the trigeminal division, and is wholly sensory. It supplies the following: 1. the eyeball, 2. the lacrimal gland and conjunctiva, 3. part of the nasal mucosa, 4. the skin of the nose, eyelids, forehead and part of the scalp.
- 10. Passes thru the supraorbital fissure and divides into three branches: 1. Lacrimal n. 2. Frontal n. 3. Nasociliary n.
- 11. The Lacrimal Nerve - the smallest of the main ophthalmic branches - enters the orbit through the lateral part of the supraorbital fissure
- 12. The Frontal Nerve - the largest of the ophthalmic division - enters the orbit by the supraorbital fissure - has 2 branches: a. Supraorbital N. b. Supratrochlear N.
- 13. The Nasociliary Nerve - intermediate size between the frontal and lacrimal nerves - has 4 branches: a. Short ciliary n., b. Long ciliary n., c. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal n. d. Infratrochlear n.
- 16. - The intermediate division of the trigeminal nerve is wholly sensory. - It leaves the trigeminal ganglion between the ophthalmic and mandibular divisions to pass through the foramen rotundum.
- 17. Branches: 1. Meningeal Nerve 2. Branches to the Sphenopalatine Ganglion 3. Zygomatic Nerve 4. Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve 5. Infraorbital Nerve
- 18. Location of the Branches of the Maxillary Nerve: In the cranial cavity Meningeal In the pterygopalatine fossa Ganglionic, Zygomatic, Posterior Superior Alveolar In the infraorbital canal Middle superior alveolar, Anterior superior alveolar On the face Palpebral, Nasal, Superior labial
- 21. • The largest trigeminal division, and is both sensory and motor,exits the skull through the foramen ovale. • It supplies the following structures: a. the teeth and the gums of the mandible, b. The skin in the temporal region, c. Part of the auricle including the external meatus and tympanum, d. The lower lip, e. The lower part of the face , f. The muscles of mastication, g. The mucosa of the anterior 2/3s of the tongue, h. And the mucosa of the floor of the mouth
- 22. MF N. To Medial Pterygoid
- 24. MF N. To Medial Pterygoid
- 30. Local Infiltration of Individual Teeth
- 31. Local Infiltration of Maxillary Teeth (Incisive Fossa)
- 32. Local Infiltration of Maxillary Teeth (Canine Ridge)
- 33. Local Infiltration of Maxillary Teeth (Canine Fossa)
- 34. Local Infiltration of Palatal Mucosa and Gingiva
- 35. Nerve Blocks
- 36. ASAN and MSAN Nerve Block (Infraorbital) • Nerves Blocked: 1. Terminal branches of the infraorbital nerve 2. ASAN 3. MSAN
- 37. PSAN Nerve Block
- 39. Greater Palatine Nerve Block
- 40. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- 41. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- 42. Gow-Gates Mandibular Nerve Block • Nerves blocked: 1. Inferior alveolar nerve 2. Lingual nerve 3. Long buccal nerve 4. Auriculo- temporal nerve
- 43. Akenosi (Closed Mouth) Mandibular Nerve Block • Nerves blocked: 1. Inferior alveolar nerve 1. Lingual nerve 2. Long buccal nerve 3. Auriculo- temporal nerve
- 44. Mental and Incisive Nerve Block • Nerves blocked: 1. Mental nerve 2. Incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
- 46. Long Buccal Nerve Block