Turkish local grape varieties
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The document provides information about several indigenous Turkish grape varieties including Emir, Narince, Kalecik Karası, Öküzgözü, and Boğazkere. It discusses the origin, general characteristics, aroma profiles, and food pairings of each variety. It also briefly outlines the history of winemaking in Anatolia dating back 8000 years and provides current statistics about the Turkish wine industry.
Turkish local grape varieties
- 2. Agenda • The History of Wine in Anatolia • Turkish Local indigenous grapes • Tasting wines made from these varieties
- 3. The History of Wine in Anatolia from the Bronze Age to the Turkish Republic
- 4. • Archeology and linguistics show that Southern Eastern Anatolia, between the Tigris and the Euphrates, is the oldest place where domesticated vines are located. • The Noah Hypothesis • The Fertile Crescent
- 7. The first traces of viticulture and winemaking in South Eastern Anatolia date back 8,000 years. Wine had an indispensable role in the social lives of the oldest civilizations of Anatolia: the Hattis and the Hittites. It was the primary libation offered to the gods during rituals attended by royalty and high governors. Provisions protecting viticulture in Hittite law, and the custom of celebrating each vintage with a holiday, suggest that wine was important to both ancient economies and ancient cultural practices.
- 9. Tarhu King Varpalavas
- 10. How Hittites call wine? “viyana”
- 11. Today Facts and Figures about the Turkish Wine Market (2010) • The total alcoholic beverage production in Turkey is 1,046 mio litres. • Wine consumption constitutes 7% of total alcoholic beverage consumption. • The others are: Beer 57%, Rakı 25%, Vodka 5% and Other 8% . • Turkey’s Wine Production is around 80 mio litres per year. • Wine exports are $7,800,000 annualy • Turkey is the fourth largest grape-growing area at 505,000 ha • In Turkey around 2% of total grape production is used for wine making. • The consumption per capita is around 1 litre per annum.
- 12. Pronunciation: Eh-mere ORIGIN Mid-Southern Anatolia (Nevşehir / Cappadocia)
- 13. Pronunciation: Eh-mere GENERAL INFORMATION • Emir is a native white grape of Cappadocia and most of the grapes are planted in the Nevşehir province. It acquired its name (Emir = Ruler / Lord), from the fact that it was a quite popular wine at the local lords’ tables. It has been used since the Roman times to make crisp, refreshing wines. • Emir makes straw yellow coloured wines with green reflections; famously with green apple and minerals on the nose. On the palate, it makes lively wines.
- 14. Pronunciation: Eh-mere GENERAL INFORMATION • The wines are light-medium bodied, light yellow colour, delicate and have high acidity. • Emir is used in sparkling and still wine making. Does not match with oak and generally should be consumed in 2-3 years, no malolactic fermentation.
- 15. Pronunciation: Eh-mere DETAILED INFORMATION • Climate: Cappadocia has a steppe climate; there is a great temperature difference between day and night. It is cool and dry. • Soil: Sand, sandstone, decomposed volcanic, tuffa. Emir flourishes on the volcanic soils of Cappadocia, rich in minerals. • Berry: Emir has slightly oval, green-yellow, middle sized berries, on middle sized conical clusters. • Ripening: Mid season.
- 16. Pronunciation: Eh-mere • AROMA PROFILE Citrus, Apple (green/yellow), Pineapple, Kiwi, Lemon, Blood Orange, White Rose. • FOOD & WINE MATCH Salmon and other Oily Fish, Shellfish, Asparagus, Chicken with Tomato Sauces, Pasta with White Creamy Sauce, Salads without Vinegar, Sushi.
- 18. Pronunciation: Nah-rin-djeh GENERAL INFORMATION • Narince means “delicately” in Turkish. • Mainly grown in Tokat and along the Yeşilırmak (river). • Wines produced from Narince are usually dry. It has yellow-green colour and sophisticated fruit flavour.
- 19. Pronunciation: Nah-rin-djeh GENERAL INFORMATION • Narince makes straw yellow coloured wines with floral notes, yellow fruit and citrus aromas on the nose. On the palate, it produces round, medium to full bodied wines, balanced with good acidity. It is usually treated with oak.
- 20. Pronunciation: Nah-rin-djeh DETAILED INFORMATION • Climate: The climate in Tokat, where the grape originates , represents a transition between the Central Black Sea and the Inner Anatolian climates. The climate is somewhat harsher at high altitude levels and in the southern sections of the province. • Soil: River bed and glaciated aluvial soil. • Berry: Narince has large, oval, yellowish-green berries with bronze discolourisation, with large conical clusters with one or two seeds. • Ripening: Narince is harvested in the second half of September.
- 21. Pronunciation: Nah-rin-djeh • AROMA PROFILE Orange, Grapefruit, Lime, White Pineapple, Quince, Floral, Linden, Acaccia, Fruit Blossom, Basil, Ripe Green Apple, Walnut. • FOOD & WINE MATCH Oily Grilled Fish, Spicy Chicken, Eggplant Salad, Dishes with Onion, Hors d’oeuvres.
- 22. Pronunciation: Kah-le-djic-car-ah-ser ORIGIN (Sub Region) Mid-Northern Anatolia (Ankara /Kalecik) OTHER REGIONS (Sub Regions) Denizli, Manisa, Uflak, Elmalı, Nevşehir/Cappadocia, Marmara (Tekirdağ)
- 23. Pronunciation: Kah-le-djic-car-ah-ser GENERAL INFORMATION • Kalecik Karası means the “black from the small castle”. Kalecik is a small village (65 km northeast of Ankara) in Central Anatolia with a high castle. Kalecik Karası is grown mainly near the Kızılırmak river valley.
- 24. Pronunciation: Kah-le-djic-car-ah-ser GENERAL INFORMATION • Kalecik Karası yields a wine with “dried red rose” colour, with a sugar candy / boiled candy aroma on the nose, quite typical of the variety. Better examples have a vibrant, fruity nose, with red fruits. • On the palate, wine is medium bodied, low on tannins; fresh and lively, with a crisp acidity. In the hotter climates, alcohol can reach high levels, rendering the wine heavy.
- 25. Pronunciation: Kah-le-djic-car-ah-ser DETAILED INFORMATION • Climate: Although Ankara has hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters; the river Kızılırmak creates a special microclimate in the Kalecik area, making it milder in the winter. • Soil: Pebbly clay loam. • Berry: Kalecik Karası has blue-black coloured, medium sized, round berries with thick skins. It has medium size, conical, compact clusters. • Ripening: It ripens around second half of September.
- 26. Pronunciation: Kah-le-djic-car-ah-ser • AROMA PROFILE Red Berries, Cherry, Strawberry, Raspberry, Cotton Candy, Pyrene, Stable. • FOOD & WINE MATCH Pizza, Meat with Sauce, Grilled Cutlet, Pasta with Tomato Sauce
- 27. Pronunciation: Oh-cooz-goe-zue ORIGIN (Sub Region) Mid-Eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) OTHER REGIONS (Sub Regions) Nevşehir/Cappadocia, Elmalı, Denizli Ankara, Uflak, Manisa
- 28. Pronunciation: Oh-cooz-goe-zue GENERAL INFORMATION • Native to Eastern Anatolia, Öküzgözü derives its name from the fact that it has large, black berries that resemble a bull’s eye. • On the palate, it is medium bodied, producing round, fruity wines, with some tannins and rather lively acidity. Alcohol level is usually between 12.5% and 13.5 %.
- 29. Pronunciation: Oh-cooz-goe-zue GENERAL INFORMATION • Öküzgözü is high in acidity, medium to low in alcohol content and its medium body offers a delicate bouquet. • It has fruit and floral flavours, making soft and easy to drink wines. • Due to its acidity, it can age well.
- 30. Pronunciation: Oh-cooz-goe-zue DETAILED INFORMATION • Climate: The grape prefers cold winters and hot, dry summer seasons. In Elazığ and Malatya, the vineyards are 850-1100 metres above sea level. The Euphrates and its two dams have changed the climate in the region, rendering the harsh winters and dry hot summers somewhat mellower. • Soil: Red clay and decomposed granites varying to light chalky clay soils may vary to sandy clay, with underlying limestone. • Berry: Öküzgözü has large, round, black and fleshy berries, with multiple kernels. • Ripening: The grape has a long vegetation period and ripens in the second half of September.
- 31. Pronunciation: Oh-cooz-goe-zue • AROMA PROFILE Raspberry, Dark cherry, Mint, Chocolate, Eucalyptus, Sour Cherry, Pomegranate, Ripe Plum, Cherry Marmalade, Clove and Cardamom. • FOOD & WINE MATCH Casseroles, Kebaps, Smoked foods, Eggplants, Hünkar Beğendi (means “sultan loved it”), Grilled Red Meats.
- 32. Pronunciation: Bow-aahz-keh-reh ORIGIN (Sub Region) Sout East Anatolia (Diyarbakır) OTHER REGIONS (Sub Regions) Malatya, Manisa , Denizli, İzmir, Elmalı, Ankara
- 33. Pronunciation: Bow-aahz-keh-reh GENERAL INFORMATION • Boğazkere means “throat burner” • Boğazkere has very high dense tannins with medium acidity.
- 34. Pronunciation: Bow-aahz-keh-reh GENERAL INFORMATION • The wines made from this grape are dark in colour, full bodied, dense huge tannins, with complex flavour profiles. • The wines from the Boğazkere grape find balance when aged.
- 35. Pronunciation: Bow-aahz-keh-reh DETAILED INFORMATION • Climate: The grape prefers hot and dry climates, and relatively higher altitudes. It is quite resistant to drought. • Soil: Decomposed sandstone to red clays. • Berry: Dark blue / black colour, small to medium sized, round berries with thick skins • Ripening: Late ripening (middle of October).
- 36. Pronunciation: Bow-aahz-keh-reh AROMA PROFILE Black Cherry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Black Mulberry, Pepper, Clove, Eucalyptus, Tobacco, Leather, Pine Forest, Dark Chocolate, Liquorice. FOOD & WINE MATCH Spicy, Meat Dishes with Sauce, Kebabs and BBQs, Tandır (slow roasted lamb), Intensely Flavoured Cheese.
- 37. Emir Narince Kalecik Karası Öküzgözü Boğazkere
- 38. Thank You