![CONCLUSION
Adders are widely used in many electronic devices. Adders
can be used to add numbers, subtract numbers (negative
addition), multiply (repetitive addition) as well as divide
numbers (repetitive subtraction).
The limitation of this project is that it can only compute sums
up to a maximum value of 7.
Adders form an integral part of ALU’s [Arithmetic Logic Unit]
and are widely used in high-performance DSP Applications.
[Digital Signal Processing] .](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/twobitadder-171222080559/85/Two-Bit-Adder-16-320.jpg)
Two Bit Adder
- 1. Integrated project On Two bit adder BE(ECE/7-1) Submitted by – Sumit Bansal – B130020009
- 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • We owe are gratitude towards CHITKARA UNIVERSITY for giving us the opportunity to present this project . • We want to thank our project guide and our BEEE teacher Mrs. Minaxi Dassi ma’am ,for providing us the necessary information and help whenever required . • We also want to thank our parents and our friends for their support.
- 3. CONTENTS • Aim • Introduction • Components Used • Half Adder • Logic Approach • 1. Logic Gates • 2. Logic Diagram • Circuit Diagram • Truth Table • Conclusion • References
- 4. AIM To construct a two bit adder using Switches as input and Led’s As output
- 5. INTRODUCTION The Adder is a digital circuit which forms the sum and carry of two or more numbers. Adder circuits are essential inside microprocessors as part of the ALU, or arithmetic logic unit, where the processing and manipulation of binary numbers takes place.
- 6. COMPONENTS USED • RESISTOR: A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. We have used one 1M ohm resistor and five 100 ohm resistors. • IC: An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon . We have used (CMOS) 7486 and (CMOS) 7408.
- 7. • LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic pn- junction diode, except that an LED also emits light. When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that is more positive than its cathode lead by at least the LED's forward voltage drop, current flows. • DIP SWITCH: A DIP switch is a manual electric switch that is packaged with others in a group in a standard dual in- line package (DIP). The term may refer to each individual switch, or to the unit as a whole. • Diode : In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other .
- 8. HALF ADDER
- 9. The addition of two 1-bit binary numbers looks like... To let the addition of two 1-bit numbers be done by a logic circuit, you need to look at the truth table... If you are only interested in a 1-bit response Q, you only need an XOR operation. However, if you add up 1 and 1, the answer is more complicated. A 1 must be transferred to the next digit. This bit is called a Carry-Bit. As the output of a logic circuit, it is indicated with CO (Carry Out). The result of CO is realized with an AND operation.
- 10. Logic Gates AND Gate : The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction- it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results only if both the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If neither or only one input to the AND gate is HIGH, a LOW output results . The CMOS IC used for AND gate is 7408, it’s a quad (two input) AND gate IC .
- 11. OR GATE: The OR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical disjunction - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results if one or both the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1).The IC used for OR Gate is 7432 but we have used diode logic instead of IC .
- 12. XOR Gate: The XOR gate (sometimes EOR gate, or EXOR gate) is a digital logic gate that implements an exclusive or; that is, a true output (1/HIGH) results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true. If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both are true, a false output results. XOR represents the inequality function, i.e., the output is true if the inputs are not alike otherwise the output is false. A way to remember XOR is "one or the other but not both ". The CMOS IC used for XOR Gate is 7486, it’s a quad XOR Gate IC .
- 14. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- 15. TRUTH TABLE
- 16. CONCLUSION Adders are widely used in many electronic devices. Adders can be used to add numbers, subtract numbers (negative addition), multiply (repetitive addition) as well as divide numbers (repetitive subtraction). The limitation of this project is that it can only compute sums up to a maximum value of 7. Adders form an integral part of ALU’s [Arithmetic Logic Unit] and are widely used in high-performance DSP Applications. [Digital Signal Processing] .
- 17. REFERENCES • www.play-hookey.com • www.howstuffworks.com • “Introduction to Digital Systems” – University of Texas at Dallas • www.doctronics.co.uk