Types of failure in rigid pavements
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This document discusses the various types of failures that can occur in rigid pavements. It identifies 11 common types of failures: 1) faulting, 2) durability cracking, 3) punch-out, 4) corner breaks, 5) linear cracking, 6) shrinkage cracking, 7) polished aggregate, 8) scaling, 9) joint spalling, 10) warping cracks, and 11) pumping. For each failure type, the document describes the causes and potential remedies. The failures generally result from poor material quality, excessive loads, moisture infiltration, temperature changes, and inadequate pavement design or construction. Repairs range from crack sealing to full slab replacement depending on the severity and extent of the damage.
Types of failure in rigid pavements
- 1. PRESENTED BY, AGLAIA 1 TYPES OF FAILURES IN RIGID PAVEMENTS
- 2. FAILURES OF RIGID PAVEMENT TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS2 Failure in rigid pavement (or cement concrete pavement) can be identified by formation of cracks on the pavement surface. Factors affecting failure, 1. Use of poor quality material 2. Inadequate stability of the pavement structure
- 3. TYPES OF FAILURES TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS3 Scaling of cement concrete Shrinkage cracks Joint spalling Warping cracks Pumping Faulting Polished Aggregate Punch out Linear Cracking Durability Cracking Corner Break
- 4. 1. FAULTING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS4 The difference in elevation between the joints is called as faulting. CAUSES OF FAILURES Settlement of the pavement due to soft foundation Erosion of material under the pavement. Curling of the slab edges due to temperature and moisture changes.
- 5. REMEDIES TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS5 Diamond grinding is used to restore the pavement if faulting reaches 4 mm. Dowel bar retrofitting is required if the faulting is between 4 and 12.5 mm if the faulting exceeds 12.5 mm complete reconstruction of the slab is necessary.
- 6. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS6 Fig.1: Faulting with difference in elevations found between the joints source:pavementinteractive
- 7. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 7
- 8. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 8
- 9. 2. DURABILITY CRACKING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS9 They are Series of closely spaced, crescent-shaped ,dark coloured cracks near a joint, corner or crack. CAUSES OF FAILURE freeze-thaw expansion of aggregate in the PCC slab. Some roughness leads to spalling and eventual slab disintegration. REMEDIES The affected pavement can be refurnished by partial-depth or full depth repair, depending on the severity of the damage.
- 10. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 10 Fig.9. Durability Cracking or ‘D’ Cracks Failure in Rigid Pavements Source:civilblog.org
- 11. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS11
- 12. 3. PUNCH-OUT TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS12 It is the broken pieces of the localized area of concrete slab. These are mainly defined by joints and cracks of 1.5m width. CAUSES OF FAILURES Heavy repeated loads. Inadequacy in slab thickness The foundation support loss or the construction deficiency like honeycombing.
- 13. REMEDIES TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS13 Punch-out problems are addressed by full-depth patch Fig.3.1. Punch-out Failures in Rigid Pavements Source:civilblog.org.in
- 14. 4. CORNER BREAKS TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS14 These are the failures in rigid pavements that is caused due to pumping in excessive rate. CAUSES OF FAILURE When the pumping remove the underlying support the corner cracks are created. REMEDIES Full slab replacement or the repair for the full depth must be carried out.
- 15. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 15 Fig.4.1: Corner Break Failures in Rigid Pavement source:civilblog.org.in Fig.4.2 Corner Break and joints in Rigid Pavement source:slideshare.in
- 16. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS16 Fig 4.3 LOW SEVERITY CORNER BREAK Fig 4.4 HIGH SEVERITY CORNER BREAK
- 17. 5. LINEAR CRACKING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS17 These types of failures in rigid pavements divides the slab into two or three pieces. CAUSES OF FAILURE Failures is traffic loads at repeated levels. The curling due to thermal gradient and moisture loading. REMEDIES Crack sealant can be used to seal linear cracking. If linear cracking leads to panel cracking, then the pavement is restored by full-depth repair.
- 18. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 18 Fig.5.1 : Linear Cracking in various roads. Source:google images
- 19. 6. SHRINKAGE CRACKING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS19 These are hairline shallow cracks that are less than 2m in length. These cracks may form in longitudinal as well as in transverse direction. CAUSES OF FAILURE Improper setting and curing process of the concrete slab higher evaporation of water due to higher temperature cracks.
- 20. REMEDIES TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS20 Shrinkage cracks can be treated by means of crack sealants if they are of moderate size. Synthetic resin is generally used as crack sealant. Entire slab replacement (full-depth repair) is used in severe situations.
- 21. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 21 Fig.6.1: Shrinkage Cracking in Pavements Source:google images
- 22. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS22
- 23. 7. POLISHED AGGREGATE TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS23 Aggregates which protrude out of cement paste with less angularity and roughness are said to be polished aggregates. CAUSES OF FAILURE Repeated traffic applications. The age of the pavement will influence polished aggregate.. It will be quicker if the aggregate is susceptible to abrasion.
- 24. REMEDIES TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS24 It can repaired by Apply a skid-resistant slurry seal, BST or non-structural overlay. Diamond grinding can also be used to treat the problem of polished aggregates in rigid pavements
- 25. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS25 Fig.7.1: Polished Aggregates (a) long shot (b) close enough shot Source : pavementinteractiv.in 7.1(a) 7.1 (b)
- 26. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 26
- 27. 8. SCALING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS27 It is the peeling off or flaking off of the top layer or skin of the concrete surface. CAUSES OF FAILURE Improper mix design. Excessive vibration during compaction of concrete. Laitance of concrete. Performing finishing operation while bleed water is on surface.
- 28. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS28 Fig 8.1 images of scaling Source :civilblog.org
- 29. 9. JOINT SPALLING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS29 It is the breakdown of the slab near edge of the joint due to excess compressive stresses. Normally it occurs within 0.5 m of the joints. CAUSES OF FAILURE Faulty alignment of incompressible material below concrete slab. Freeze-thaw cycle. Excessive stress at joint due to wheel load.
- 30. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS30 Joint that is accumulated with water that results in rapid freezing and thawing REMEDIES Partial-depth and full-depth repairs are the remedies for shallow and deep spalling.
- 31. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 31 Fig 9.1 images of joint spalling Source: Google images
- 32. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS32
- 33. 10. WARPING CRACKS TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS33 Excessive stress due to expansion of concrete slab results in the formation of warping cracks near the joint edge. REMEDIES proper reinforcement at the longitudinal and transverse joints. Hinge joints are used to relieve the stress due to warping
- 34. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS34 Fig 10.1 images of warping cracks Source : pavementinteractive.in
- 35. 11. PUMPING TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS35 When material present below the road slab ejects out through the joints or cracks, it is called pumping. When soil slurry comes out it is called mud pumping. CAUSES OF FAILURE Infiltration of water through the joints, cracks or edge of the pavement forms soil slurry. Poor joint sealer allowing infiltration of water. Repeated wheel loading causing erosion of underlying material.
- 36. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS36 When there is void space between slab and the underlying base of sub-grade layer. REMEDIES Sub grade drainage should be improved. Fog seal or slurry seal may be applied to limit water infiltration.
- 37. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 37 Fig11.1 Enlarge Similar conditions. Picture taken in Washington State. Source:google images
- 38. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 38 Fig11.2 Water bleeding through a pavement surface. source:civilblog.org
- 39. TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS 39 Fig.11.3: Pumping Effect Source: pavementinteractive
- 40. THANK YOU TYPES OF FAILURE IN RIGID PAVEMENTS40 For more…. Mail to aglaiaconnect2018@gma
Editor's Notes
- #32: spalling