Types of Parts & Components Explained of Lathe Machine.pdf
- 1. Types of Parts & Components Explained of Lathe Machine Within the realm of manufacturing, lathes, as versatile machine tools, stand out as capable of executing a wide array of machining processes. To undertake diverse tasks, tools are affixed to the Lathe Machine before initiating its operation. The metalworking sector places significant dependence on various machine tools, with the Lathe Machine holding paramount importance among lathe machine manufacturers. Functioning on the principle of a rotating work piece and a stationary cutting tool, it operates by introducing the cutting tool into the spinning work piece. As the work piece revolves around its axis, it undergoes shaping to achieve the desired form. What is a Lathe Machine? A lathe machine serves as a machine tool designed for the removal of excess material from a rotating work piece, generating chips in the process. This is achieved through the movement of a tool that traverses the work piece and engages with it. The machine is versatile, handling essential operations like drilling, sawing, tapping, and turning, utilising various tools within its workspace. Consequently, the lathe has earned the moniker "Mother of all machines" among lathe machine manufacturers. Andrei Nartov, a Russian engineer, is credited with creating one of the earliest lathes in 1718, featuring a carriage for holding mechanical cutting tools and a gear system. In the 1950s, servomechanisms were integrated into the numerical control of lathes and other machine tools, often interconnected with computers to give rise to computerised numerical control (CNC). Presently, both manually operated and computer numerical control (CNC) lathes find application in the industry. Main Components and Parts of Lathe Machine Bed The bed of the lathe machine functions as the crucial foundation upon which all other machine components are situated. Comprising robust box-section columns, the bed is constructed from cast iron or a nickel cast iron alloy. This foundational structure is then affixed to legs that are securely bolted to the floor.
- 2. Headstock Positioned on the left side of the lathe bed, the spindle housing, also known as the headstock, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the transmission of power to various components. Serving as a casing for the spindle, it accommodates a chuck or live center that grasps one end of the rotating workpiece. Additionally, the spindle housing incorporates an essential transmission system equipped with levers for adjusting speeds. Chuck for Lathe Chucks are dedicated clamps designed to secure objects with radial symmetry, such as cylinders. Equipped with jaws to firmly hold the workpiece, these jaws (or dogs) are arranged in a star-like configuration, ensuring radial symmetry in their organization. Lathe Spindle At the core of the headstock lies the spindle, a crucial rotating component. Housing a shaft that transmits rotary motion to the chuck, the spindle facilitates the turning of the workpiece. Supported by two sets of angular contact ball bearings, it effectively manages both radial and axial loads. Tailstock Positioned opposite the headstock, the tailstock is a mobile casting installed on the guide ways of the bed. It accommodates tools for various operations such as drilling, reaming, tapping, and more. Additionally, the tailstock provides support to the opposite end of the workpiece during machining and features essential components like the dead center, adjustment screws, and handwheel. Dead Centre To ensure the workpiece remains stationary while rotating, a dead center is employed (with no free rotation, i.e., dead). Friction may occur on the dead center due to the workpiece's rotation when used in a fixed position. The pointed end of the dead center is strategically placed against the other end of the workpiece, preventing sudden stops in rotation and minimizing friction. Carriage Situated between the tailstock and headstock, the carriage functions as a guide, support, and feeder for the tool against the workpiece during operation. The carriage comprises several integral components:
- 3. Saddle Taking on an H-shaped cast, the saddle is positioned atop the lathe and provides support for the cross-slide, compound rest, and tool post. Manual or automatic feeding mechanisms are employed to move the saddle. Cross Slide Mounted perpendicular to the bed on the saddle, the cross slide features a female dovetail on one side, engaging with the male dovetail on top of the saddle. Rotating the cross-slide handwheel facilitates movement at a right angle to the lathe's axis. Compound Rest Connecting the cross slide to the compound slide through a tongue-and-groove joint, the compound rest supports cutting tools and the tool post during tasks like drilling short tapers and shaping forming tools. Tool Post Affixed to the compound rest, the tool post carries cutting tool holders. These holders are supported by a wedge with a bottom fitting into a ring with a concave surface securely held on the upper slide. Apron Constituting the front segment of the carriage, the apron houses all control keys. Featuring split nuts engaging with the lead screw for thread cutting, as well as gears and clutches for transmitting motion from the feed rod to the carriage, the apron plays a pivotal role in the lathe's operation. Lead screw Functioning as a linkage in machinery, the lead screw transforms rotary motion into linear motion and is alternatively known as a power screw or translation screw. In a lathe machine, the lead screw plays a crucial role in moving the carriage in tandem with the spindle's revolution. The incorporation of various gears between the lead screw drive and spindle enables the creation of threads.
- 4. Conclusion Ganesh Machine Tools stands as the leading Lathe Machine Supplier in India. Our machines undergo a thorough inspection before being dispatched for shipment. If you have any inquiries or wish to place an order for a Heavy Duty Lathe Machine, please visit our website and reach out to us.