U13 Interchange 3
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The document discusses past modal verbs used to express degrees of certainty about past events and opinions/advice about past actions. It provides examples of modals like must have, may have, should have, and would have. It also discusses the differences between past and present modal verbs and includes exercises for students to practice using past modal verbs in sentences.
U13 Interchange 3
- 1. Unit 13. That's a possibility Past Modals of degrees of certainty and Past Modal for opinions and advice Lic. Norma Dzib 2008/2009
- 2. Grammar Past Modals of degrees of certainty: must have must not have may have may not have should have shouldn't have might have might not have would have wouldn't have could have couldn't Past Modal for opinions and advice: Should (not) have Could (not) have Would (not) have
- 3. Verbs: modals of past You must have been a beautiful baby + past participle Past modals for degree of certainty Rule : subject+ must/may/could + have+ past participle PROBABILITY VERB EXAMPLE 100% Almost certain Quite likely 50% (possible) Possible but unlikely Highly unlikely O% Past Simple Must have May have Could have Might have Can't / couldn't Present tense negative She knew. We must have arrived. He may have missed the train. She could have forgotten. We might have made a mistake You can't have lost it. He didn't know.
- 4. Complete the sentences. Use the modals in the box and the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses. 1. A: I____ (listen) to my father's advice. B: You're right. You_____ (get) a degree. Then you ____ (find) a good job. 2. A:I failed my Test! B: Well, you____ (surf) the internet all evening. You_____ (study). 3. A: I was really worried when you didn't come home. You____ (call) me! B: I'm sorry. I _______(call) you, but my cell phone wasn't working. 4. A: Helen's not here. She_____ (go) home. B: No, she____ (go) home her purse is still here. 5. A: Last night the waiter spilled coffee on me. I said it was OK. B: Really? I____ (do) that. I_________ (complain) to the manager! 6. A: Petra walked by and she didn't say hello. B: Well, she____ (see) you. could have couldn't must have must not have may have may not have should have shouldn't have might have might not have would have wouldn't have
- 5. Present Modal Verbs of deduction To speculate about things that we think are possible or impossible and things we are sure about, we can use must , might, could, may and can't . Must is only used in affirmative sentences. To say something is impossible , we use can't . To speculate about past events , we can use must, might (not), could, couldn't, may (not) and can't , followed by have + past participle . Might and could can also be used with this structure to talk about a past event that was possible but didn't happen . Past Modal Verbs of deduction CHECK OUT THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN PAST AND PRESENT MODALS
- 6. Practice Sophie seems very depressed. Her friends are not sure what the problem is. Write sentences using may not, might not or could. 1.Perhaps she isn't feeling very well._____________________________ 2. Perhaps She worrying about her exams.________________________ 3. Perhaps she needs help._____________________________________ 4. But perhaps she doesn't want to talk to anybody._________________ You are going shopping with a friend. Make sentences with may/might as well. You've missed the bus. The next one's in half an hour. It only takes ten minutes to walk. We________________________________________ It's half past five. The shops are closing. You don’t really want to buy anything else. We_______ go home. You're buying a sweater. You like the green one more than the red one, but its cost more. Your friend says: You _______ because is silly to buy something you don't like.
- 7. Practice Mr. Benson has lost his hat. He is telling his wife. Use might have, might not have or could have, couldn't have to complete the dialogue. “ I don't know where I ________ lost it” “ You _____ left it in the cinema. I saw it in this morning on the hall table.” “ Somebody at work ________ taken by mistake. They _______ realized it was yours.” “ Only Alison and Claire were in the office today. They____ taken it they don't wear hats.” “Are you sure you took it to work? You ________ taken it. You ____left it here.” “ I______ left it here. I always wear it when I got to work.” “ Well, you ____ worn it today, because it's here on the hall table.”
- 8. Giving Opinions You should have called her on the phone. She shouldn't have kept your notes this long. Giving Advice You could have been more understanding. I would have borrowed someone else's notes. I wouldn't have lent them to her. Rule: subject + would/could/should + have +past participle Past Modals for opinions and advice Should (not) have Could (not) have Would (not) have
- 9. Practice Give opinions or advice. 1. I didn't finish high school. Now I can't find a job. 2. I overslept and missed my final exam. My teacher says I will fail the course. 3. I missed the last train. My cell phone wasn't working, so I couldn't call my parents. 4. My boss didn't come into work today. No one knows where she is. 5. The waitress brought me the wrong order. Then she disappeared! 6. I saw my best friend on the bus, and she ignored me!
- 10. Vocabulary Dented Hit something so that its surface was bent and marked Exhausted Very tired Yawning Opening the mouth wide showing lack of sleep Gotten the hint Understood an indirect message Ended up Did something no matter what Locksmith Someone who makes and repairs locks Tow truck A vehicle that can pull a car that has broken down or can't be driven. Mining town A place where people took precious metals like gold or silver out of the earth. ethereally Very delicately and lightly, in way that doesn't seem real. Eerie Frightening; often used for something not natural or not understood. Tombstone A stone that marks grave; it usually gives the name and birth and death dates for the person buried there. Rotting matter Naturally dead substance like plants Helmets Protective hats; miners´ helmets have lights on them to help the miners see while working underground.
- 11. Just for fun
- 12. Bibliography Richards, Jack C. Interchange Third Edition (Teacher's Resource Book) Cambridge University Press 2005 Bolton David and Goodey Noel English Grammar In Steps Richmond Publishing 2003 http://firstcertificate.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/howtobepolite.jpg www.zonalibre.org felipe1984.hi5.com