U2.linked list
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The document discusses lists and linked lists. It defines a list as an ordered collection of items that supports basic operations like adding, deleting, and accessing items. A linked list is a collection of links, where each link contains a data part and a link part pointing to the next link. Each node of a linked list contains a data field storing the data and a link field storing the address of the next node. The document then provides algorithms for common linked list operations like insertion, deletion, searching, and displaying all nodes.
U2.linked list
- 2. List ADT List is an ordered collection of items. Items in the collection may be integers, Strings, characters or any kind of objects. Basic operations are Adding an item to the collection Deleting an item from the collection Testing if list is empty Testing if list is full Getting an item on specified location Getting an item with specified key value
- 3. Linked List Collection of links with reference to the first. Each link has part to store data link that refers to the next link in the list. Data part of the link can be an integer, a character, a String or an object of any kind.
- 4. Linked Lists A linked list is a linear collection of data elements called nodes where linear order is given by means of pointers. Each node has two parts 1) Data Field – Stores data of the node 2) Link Field – Store address of the next node ( i.e. Link to the next node) LINK NODE : DATA
- 5. Linked Lists -START is List pointer contains address of the first node in the List - All nodes are connected to each other through Link fields - Link of the last node is NULL pointer denoted by ‘X’ sign - Null pointer indicated end of the list start data link datalink datalink Data link x A B C D
- 6. Algorithms Lets consider, • START is the 1st position in Linked List • NewNode is the new node to be created • DATA is the element to be inserted in new node • POS is the position where the new node to be inserted • TEMP and HOLD are temporary pointers to hold the node address
- 7. Algorithm to Insert a Node at the beginning 1. Input DATA to be inserted 2. Create NewNode 3. NewNode -> DATA = DATA 4. If START is equal to NULL a) NewNode -> LINK = NULL 5. Else a) NewNode -> LINK = START 6. START = NewNode 7. Exit
- 8. Insert a Node at the beginning start datalink datalink data link NewNode x
- 9. Algorithm to Insert a Node at the end 1. Input DATA to be inserted 2. Create NewNode 3. NewNode -> DATA = DATA 4. NewNode -> LINK = NULL 5. If START is equal to NULL a) START = NewNode 6. Else a) TEMP = START b) while (TEMP -> LINK not equal to NULL) i) TEMP = TEMP -> LINK 7. TEMP -> Link = NewNode 8. Exit
- 10. Insert a Node at the end start data link datalink datalink NewNode X A B C P
- 11. Algorithm to Insert a Node at any specified position 1. Input DATA to be inserted and POS, the position to be inserted. 2. Initialize TEMP = START and K=1 3. Repeat step 3 while ( K is less than POS) a) TEMP = TEMP -> LINK b) If TEMP -> LINK = NULL i) Exit c) K = K + 1 4. Create a Newnode 5. Newnode -> DATA = DATA 6. Newnode -> LINK = TEMP -> LINK 7. TEMP -> LINK = NewNode 8. Exit
- 12. Insert a Node at middle position start Lets consider, POS = 3 1 2 3 4 data link datalink datalink data link x C A B D NewNode P
- 13. Algorithm to Delete a Node 1. Input DATA to be deleted 2. If START is equal to DATA a) TEMP = START b) START = START -> LINK c) Set free node TEMP - which is deleted d) Exit 3. HOLD = START 4. While ((HOLD -> LINK ->LINK) not equal to NULL) a) If(HOLD -> LINK ->DATA) equal to DATA i) TEMP = HOLD -> LINK ii) HOLD -> LINK = TEMP -> LINK iii) Set free node TEMP - which is deleted iv) Exit b) HOLD = HOLD -> NEXT
- 14. Algorithm to Delete a Node 5. If(HOLD -> LINK ->DATA) equal to DATA i) TEMP = HOLD -> LINK ii) Set free node TEMP - which is deleted iii) HOLD -> LINK = NULL iv) Exit 6. Display DATA not found 7. Exit
- 15. Algorithm to Delete a Node Node to be start deleted data link datalink datalink data link x A B C D
- 16. Algorithm for Searching a Node Suppose START is the address of the first node in the linked list and DATA is the informSation to be searched. 1. Input the DATA to be searched. 2. Initialize TEMP = START and Pos =1 3. Repeat the step 4,5 and 6 until (TEMP is equal to NULL) 4. If (TEMP -> DATA is equal to DATA) (a) Display “The DATA found at POS “ (b) Exit 5. TEMP = TEMP -> LINK 6. POS = POS + 1 7. If (TEMP is equal to NULL) (a) Display “ The DATA is not found in the list” 8. Exit.
- 17. Algorithm for Displaying all Nodes Suppose List is the address of the first node in the linked list. 1. If ( START is equal to NULL) ( a ) Display “The List is Empty” ( b ) Exit 2. Initialize TEMP = START 3. Repeat the Step 4 and 5 until (TEMP == NULL) 4. Display TEMP -> DATA 5. TEMP = TEMP -> LINK 6. Exit
- 18. Singly Linked Lists and Arrays Singly linked list Array Elements are stored in linear Elements are stored in linear order, accessible with links. order, accessible with an index. Do not have a fixed size. Have a fixed size. Cannot access the previous Can access the previous element directly. element easily.
- 19. Doubly Linked List A doubly linked list is often more prev next convenient! Nodes store: element link to the previous node elem node link to the next node Special trailer and header nodes header nodes/positionstrailer elements
- 20. Insertion We visualize operation insertAfter(p, X), which returns position q p A B C p A B q C X p q A B X C
- 21. Deletion We visualize remove(p), where p == last() p A B C D A B C p D A B C