The document discusses making roles explicit in software design to achieve flexibility and extensibility. It provides examples of using interfaces to define roles like IMakeCustomerPreferred and IAddOrdersToCustomer. These roles can then have strategies defined, like a fetching strategy, to extend their behavior. By making roles explicit with interfaces, application code specifies roles clearly while infrastructure code like persistence can be extended through new strategies around the roles. This achieves both object-oriented and extensible design.