Understanding Computer system.pptx Grade 12
- 52. Quiz # 1- Identification _________1. It is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. ________2. It is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer, it is also used as permanent storage for data. ________3. It is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on, when the power is off, contents are lost. ________4. It is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. ________5. The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer system. ________6. It is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON or OFF ________7. Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system. ________8. Device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use ________9. Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered. ________10. It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. ________11. Used to connect monitors. It has 15 pins and it is a female port. ________12. It is used to connect latest model printers, pen drives, cell phones etc. it has 4 pins. ________13. Intended for plugging in the speaker or headset. ________14 High speed serial interface that is used with almost all devices. ________15. The main circuit board of a computer, It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
- 53. ANSWER KEY 1. OPTICAL DISK DRIVE 2. HARD DISK DRIVE 3. RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY 4. CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 5. HARDWARE 6. ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY) 7. INPUT DEVICES 8. SCANNING DEVICES 9. OUTPUT DEVICES 10. COMPUTER DISPLAY MONITOR 11. VGA (VIDEO GRAPHIC ARRAY) 12. USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS) PORT 13. AUDIO PORT 14. USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS) PORT 15. MOTHER BOARD/SYSTEM BOARD/MAIN BOARD
- 54. Lesson 2: Use of Tools in PC Hardware Servicing To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories: • Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools • Hand tools • Cleaning tools and Diagnostic tools
- 55. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity.
- 56. Examples of ESD Tools: Anti-static wrist strap – Used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment. Figure 29. Anti- static wrist strap
- 57. Anti-static mat – Used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from building up. Figure 30. Anti- static mat
- 58. Hand Tools A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. Hand tools can be used manually or electrically powered, using electrical current.
- 59. Tool Description Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten slotted screws. Philips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws. Table 3. Hand Tools
- 62. Cleaning Tools Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
- 65. Diagnostic Tools Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating system update, but that does not mean they are problem-free. Here are the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer problems:
- 70. Proper Use of Cleaning Materials To clean computers and accessories: 1. Use mild cleaning solution and lint- free cloth to clean computer cases, outside of monitor, LCD screen, CRT screen and mouse. 2. Use compressed air to clean heat sinks. 3. Use Isopropyl alcohol and lint-free swabs to clean RAM. 4. Use hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to clean a keyboard. CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.
- 71. Activity: Name a Tool Directions: Name the tools presented below. Write your answers on the space provided before each tool.
- 73. ANSWER KEY 1. Anti-static wrist strap 11. Anti-Static mat 2. Part retriever 12. Hex Driver 3. Flat Head Screwdriver 13. Philip Screwdriver 4. Compressed air 14. Needle-Nose Pliers 5. Flashlights 6. Loopback Adapter 7. Lint-Free Cloth 8. Torx Screwdriver 9. Multimeter 10.Tweezers
- 75. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IS A PLANNED SYSTEM OF WORKING TO PREVENT ILLNESS AND INJURY WHERE YOU WORK BY RECOGNIZING AND IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AND RISKS. HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL PERSONS IN THE COMPUTER AND TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES. YOU MUST IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS WHERE YOU ARE WORKING AND DECIDE HOW DANGEROUS THEY ARE. ELIMINATE THE HAZARD OR MODIFY THE RISK THAT IT PRESENTS. THERE ARE THREE STEPS TO MANAGE HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK: (1.) SPOT THE HAZARD (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION), (2.) ASSESS THE RISK (RISK ASSESSMENT) AND (3.) MAKE THE CHANGES (RISK CONTROL). YOU CAN USE THESE THREE THINK SAFE STEPS TO HELP PREVENT ACCIDENTS AT WORK
- 76. THE THINK SAFE STEPS 1. SPOT THE HAZARD - A HAZARD IS ANYTHING THAT COULD HURT YOU OR SOMEONE ELSE. EXAMPLES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS INCLUDE: • FRAYED ELECTRICAL CORDS (COULD RESULT IN ELECTRICAL SHOCK) • BOXES STACKED PRECARIOUSLY (THEY COULD FALL ON SOMEONE) NOISY MACHINERY (COULD RESULT IN DAMAGE TO YOUR HEARING) • DURING WORKING HOURS, YOU MUST REMAIN ALERT TO ANYTHING THAT MAY BE DANGEROUS. IF YOU SEE, HEAR OR SMELL ANYTHING ODD, TAKE NOTE. IF YOU THINK IT COULD BE A HAZARD, TELL SOMEONE
- 77. 2. ASSESS THE RISK • ASSESSING THE RISK MEANS WORKING OUT HOW LIKELY IT IS THAT A HAZARD WILL HARM SOMEONE AND HOW SERIOUS THE HARM COULD BE. • WHENEVER YOU SPOT A HAZARD, ASSESS THE RISK BY ASKING YOURSELF TWO QUESTIONS: • HOW LIKELY IS IT THAT THE HAZARD COULD HARM ME OR SOMEONE ELSE? • HOW BADLY COULD I OR SOMEONE ELSE BE HARMED? • ALWAYS TELL SOMEONE (YOUR EMPLOYER, YOUR SUPERVISOR OR YOUR HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE) ABOUT HAZARDS YOU CAN'T FIX YOURSELF, ESPECIALLY IF THE HAZARD COULD CAUSE SERIOUS HARM TO ANYONE. • FOR EXAMPLE, (1)ASK YOUR SUPERVISOR FOR INSTRUCTIONS AND TRAINING BEFORE USING EQUIPMENT, (2)ASK FOR HELP MOVING OR LIFTING HEAVY OBJECTS, AND (3) TELL YOUR SUPERVISOR IF YOU THINK A WORK PRACTICE COULD BE DANGEROUS. • IF YOU ARE NOT SURE OF THE SAFEST WAY TO DO SOMETHING DURING WORK EXPERIENCE, ALWAYS ASK YOUR SUPERVISOR.
- 78. 3. MAKE THE CHANGES IT IS YOUR EMPLOYER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO FIX HAZARDS. SOMETIMES YOU MAY BE ABLE TO FIX SIMPLE HAZARDS YOURSELF, AS LONG AS YOU DON'T PUT YOURSELF OR OTHERS AT RISK. FOR EXAMPLE, YOU CAN PICK UP THINGS FROM THE FLOOR AND PUT THEM AWAY TO ELIMINATE A TRIP HAZARD.
- 79. Common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or equipment used. Hazard management is a continuous process that can be used to improve the health and safety of all workplaces.
- 80. Physical Hazards One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians is cables running across the floor. If someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a cable you ran across the floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer) has a serious legal negligence problem. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services. For cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a longer period of time, use "gaffers tape". Gaffers tape is a heavy tape with strong adhesive to stick to the floor. For long term cable routing there is a wide variety of cable organizing devices like cable ties, cable wraps, and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely along the wall or ceiling.
- 81. Other common physical hazards include leaving tools on top of ladders and placing electronic equipment in precarious positions or on support that is not sturdy enough or not designed for holding electronic equipment.
- 82. Mechanical Hazards When working on electronic equipment, ask yourself "Is there any way this equipment could hurt me?” You might stick your hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves, feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your finger too. You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose a chunk of flesh because it is razor sharp. When working on electronic equipment always be alert to any possibility of being hurt by moving parts, hot components, or sharp edges.
- 83. Electric Shock Hazard Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from 3.3 volts to 25 volts, most of which are harmless. But at the power supply, you will find line voltage, which is a lethal 220 volts.
- 84. The workplace should have safety guidelines to follow to: •Protect people from injury •Protect equipment from damage •Protect the environment from contamination
- 85. Safety Precautions when working: 1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer. 2. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of accident or emergency. 3. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit. 4. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not hold on the cable itself. 5. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.
- 86. 6. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector. 7. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it. 8. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near computers. 9. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies are recognized. 10. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization procedures and practice. 11. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co‐workers, workplace, and environment. 12. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from damaged caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). 13. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s. 14.0 Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully. 15. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place.
- 87. Fire Safety Guidelines •Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them and which to use for electrical fires and for combustible fires. •Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of control. •Know how to contact emergency services quickly ü Keep the workspace clean. •Keep most solvents in a separate area.
- 88. ACTIVITY TASK