Understanding reality in a bigger picture
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The document discusses several key aspects of philosophy: 1) Philosophy aims to understand reality and ask questions from a holistic, universal perspective rather than focusing only on particulars, as science does. 2) Philosophical inquiry leads us to examine fundamental questions about humanity, the world, and the divine. For example, asking about human freedom inevitably leads to broader questions. 3) Philosophers use rational thinking and dialectical debate to evaluate different perspectives and arrive at a more comprehensive understanding. This process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis has developed since Socrates' time. 4) Wonder and curiosity have driven philosophy since its beginnings, as thinkers seek to understand the world and address what they do not yet
Understanding reality in a bigger picture
- 1. UNDERSTANDING REALITY IN A BIGGER PICTURE AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Sources: L.G. Camiloza, E.B. Garnace, R.M. Mazo, E.D. Perez: Intro to Philosophy of the Human Person © 2016 Prepared by: Wilfredo DJ P. Martin IV | SHS Set A
- 2. TheUniversal andthe Particular To clarify the nature of philosophical questions, we distinguish between the PARTICULAR and the UNIVERSAL. Particular= refers to a part of a whole Universal= pertains to the whole To philosophize then is to look at life from a holistic perspective, such is precisely what makes philosophy different from science according to German Philosopher Martin Heidegger. For him, a scientific question is always confined to the Particular, whereas a philosophical question “leads into the totality of beings” and “inquiries to the whole”
- 3. ESSENCEOF HUMAN FREEDOM When we ask the essence of Human Freedom, the problem is not limited to man and freedom. Instead, we find that we cannot avoid asking about the essence of man, the essence of the world, and the essence of God. When we ask philosophically about freedom, we venture into an inquiry about the whole. It is no longer a particular problem, but a universal problem.
- 4. Truthsand Dialectics Philosophers rely on the human faculty of reason as they philosophize. Through this rational capacity, they arrived at the technique to resolve philosophical questions called DIALECTICS. Through dialogues, dialectics is an effective means of examining and evaluating truth claim. Errors and inconsistencies of a claim are demonstrated using rational abilities.
- 5. THEFIRSTSTAGEINARATIONALSYNTHESIS:SOCRATES • BORN IN ALOPEKE, belonging to the tribe Antiochis • Son of SOPHRONISCUS (a sculptor) and Phaearete (a midwife) • Trained as a stonemason and participated in the Peloponnesian War (battles of Amphipolis, Delium, and Potidaea) • One of first persons who was a GADFLY • Accused of corrupting the minds of the youth because of his philosophy and was given the penalty of death by poison.
- 8. Thesis, Antithesis, andSynthesis The Dialectics of the ancients later developed in the modern era as Thesis, Anthesis, and Synthesis. The exchange or confrontation between differing positions (one as thesis and the other as antithesis) culminates to synthesis that is a resolution of opposing views. Thus, the interplay of opposing views is necessary for progress. Confrontations of this kind must to be avoided at all. People need this exchange of ideas so they can grow.
- 9. WONDER, KNOWLEDGE, AND IGNORANCE AN INTRODUTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Sources: L.G. Camiloza, E.B. Garnace, R.M. Mazo, E.D. Perez: Intro to Philosophy of the Human Person © 2016 Prepared by: Wilfredo DJ P. Martin IV | SHS Set A
- 10. Human Beings want to understand the world and to know the truth for there are so many things we have not yet figured out. Plato, one of the first philosophers, claimed that “philosophy begins in wonder.” Wonder is the beginning for it stimulates us to venture into philosophy WONDER, KNOWLEDGE, AND IGNORANCE
- 11. WISDOM For Aristotle, there are two kinds of Wisdom: THEORETICAL PRACTICAL To know necessary truths and their logical consequences Deals with knowledge in the realm of action Desirable Valuable
- 13. Ancient Philosophy (600 B.C.-600 A.D) The question that concerned them was the origin of the universe– the arche (Greek for ‘starting point’) They wanted to understand the world for they found themselves ignorant about the workings of the universe. They thought that SUBSTANCE is responsible for the multiplicity of things. MILESIANS PYTHAGOREANS ELESIANS ATOMISTS
- 14. Medieval Period (when the Church sustained man’s intellect) Avicenna (980-1037) a Muslim Philosopher, argued that the existence of beings can be traced to another being responsible for its existence (God) Religions were also curated/born out of this philosophical period.
- 15. Modern Period (1500-1900) Characterized by Subjectivity and Individualism, hence, centered on man (Anthropos) Result of both the rise of modern science and the diminished authority of the Church in the 17th Century. RATIONALISM EMPIRICISM
- 16. RATIONALISM Committed to the view that knowledge is acquired through season independent of sense experience. Clear and distinct ideas cannot be doubted unlike the data of senses (DesCartes)
- 17. EMPIRICISM Holds that all knowledge is ultimately derived from sense experience. Tabula rasa (John Locke)