Unit 1 Built in Data types in C language.ppt

Built in data types
in C language

Contents
 Introduction
 Classification of Data types
 Primitive data types
 Integer data type
 Floating point data type
 Character data type
 Void data type

Data Types in C Language
Introduction:
 In C programming, data types are declarations for variables. This
determines the type and size of data associated with variables.
 data type is used for allocating memory for storing value in a program
by specifying the required numbers of bytes and memory type.
For ex: int x=5; x
5
Value
2 Bytes
int

Modifiers:
• Modifiers are prefixed with basic data types to modify (either
increase or decrease) the amount of storage space allocated to a
variable.
• There are two types of type modifiers:
• Size modifiers - short, long (can be used with int and double)
• Sign modifiers - signed, unsigned(can be used with int and char data
type)

Primitive(or Basic or Built in) Data
types

Integer Data Types:
The keyword int is used to declare integer data type.
For Ex: int var1; Data type Format specifier Size (in bytes)
short int %d 2
signed short int %d 2
unsigned short int %u 2
int %d
2 or 4(complier
dependent)
signed int %d 4
unsigned int %u 4
long int %ld 4
signed long int %ld 4
unsigned long int %lu 4
long long int %lld 8
unsigned long long
%llu 8
Formula for Range:
a) Let the size of signed int is
n bits then range is-
-2n-1 to +(2n-1 -1)
b) For unsigned int:
0 to 2n-1

Example: #include<stdio.h>
int main ()
{
short a = 10; //short data type
short int a1 = 20;
int a2 = 1000; //int data type
long a3 = 100000000; //long data type
long int a4 = 200000000;
long long a5 = 500000000000;//long long data type
long long int a6 = 900000000000;
printf("%dn",a);
printf("%dn",a1);
printf("%dn",a2);
printf("%ldn",a3);
printf("%ldn",a4);
printf("%lldn",a5);
printf("%lldn",a6); return 0; }
Output:-
10
20
1000
100000000
200000000
500000000000
900000000000

Float Data type:
• All numeric data type items with fractional part belong to float type.
• The keyword float is used to declare variables of float type.
Ex: float var1;
• By default, every floating-point number is treated as a double data
type. Float and long double data type are also used for floating-point.
• Generally, the size of the float data type is 4 bytes and the double
data type is 8 bytes.
• In floating point numbers the precision describes the number of
significant decimal places that a floating value carries.

Continue…….
Data types Format
Specifier
Size(In
Bytes)
Digits of
Precision
float %f 4 6
double %lf 8 15
long double %Lf 10 19

Character data type
• In C language, to store character data types keyword char is used.
• For character type variables and single-character constants, 1 byte (8
bits) of memory space is allocated.
• It is classified under the integral data type as the storage occurs in
the form of ASCII values which are used to represent every character.
For Ex: ‘a’ has the decimal value 97.
• Example of char data types:- ‘m’, ‘A’, ‘5’, ‘@’, ‘?’ e.t.c.
Note: All are inside the single quotation.

Continue….
Data Type Format
Specifier
Size(in Byte) Range
unsigned char %c 1 0 to 255
char %c 1 -128 to 127
signed char %c 1 -128 to 127

Continue…..
• “a” is a char data type?
Ans: No
• ‘abc’ is a char data type?
Ans: No
‘a ’ is a char data type?
Ans: Yes

Void Data Type:
• As the name indicates this type has no values.
• Most of the times it is used to indicate that a function does not
return any value.
• All other primitive data types short, int, long int, float, double and
long double can be used for both calculation (like storing values to a
variable) and returning from a function but void can only be used for
returning from a function.
• Void can’t be used for storing and calculation in a program.

Examples:
1. When used as a function returntype:
the void keyword specifies that the function does not returna value.
void show()
{
printf("This function has no return type");
}
2. When used for a function's parameterlist:
void specifiesthat the function takes no parameters.
int sum(void)
{
int a,b;
printf("Enter Two number>> ");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
return a+b;
}

Unit 1 Built in Data types in C language.ppt

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Unit 1 Built in Data types in C language.ppt