Unit 1 Introduction to Oracle and sql (6).pptx
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO ORACLE AND SQL UNIT-1 S. Vasuki, M.C.A., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Sri Sarda Niketan College of Science for Women, Karur.
- 2. Introduction to File: Flat File, Database, and Database Structures This presentation explores various types of files and databases used in computer systems. We'll delve into the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of flat files and provide an overview of different database structures.
- 3. Flat File: Definition and Characteristics 1 Simple Data Structure Flat files are simple text files containing data in rows and columns. Each row represents a record, and each column represents a field. 2 Delimited Data Data in flat files is typically delimited using commas, tabs, or other special characters to separate fields. 3 Limited Relationships Flat files lack the ability to establish relationships between different data sets, making them less efficient for complex data management.
- 4. Advantages of Flat File Easy to Create Flat files can be easily created and modified using basic text editors or spreadsheet software. Simple to Understand Their straightforward structure makes flat files easy to comprehend and work with, even for non- technical users. Efficient for Small Datasets Flat files are suitable for storing and managing small datasets, especially when complex relationships are not required.
- 5. Disadvantages of Flat File Data Redundancy Duplicated information can lead to inconsistencies and errors, making data management challenging. Data Integrity Issues The lack of relationships makes it difficult to enforce data consistency and integrity, increasing the risk of errors. Limited Data Analysis Flat files are not well-suited for complex data analysis and reporting, requiring manual manipulation for insights.
- 6. Introduction to Database: Definition and Importance 1 Organized Data Databases are structured collections of data organized for efficient storage, retrieval, and management. 2 Data Relationships Databases allow for the establishment of relationships between different data sets, enabling efficient data retrieval and analysis. 3 Data Integrity Databases provide mechanisms to ensure data consistency and integrity, minimizing errors and maintaining data accuracy.
- 7. Types of Database Structures Hierarchical Database A tree-like structure with a parent-child relationship between data elements. Relational Database Data organized into tables with relationships defined through foreign keys. Object-Relational Database Combines relational database principles with object-oriented concepts, supporting complex data types.
- 8. Hierarchical Database: Overview and Features Tree-Like Structure Data is organized in a hierarchical structure, with a parent-child relationship between data elements. Data Access Data is accessed through a predefined path starting from the root node and traversing down to the desired element. Limited Flexibility The hierarchical structure limits flexibility in data relationships and can be challenging to modify.
- 9. Relational Database: Overview and Features Feature Description Tables Data is organized into tables with rows representing records and columns representing fields. Relationships Relationships between tables are defined using foreign keys, which link related records. Data Integrity Mechanisms like constraints ensure data consistency and integrity across tables.
- 10. Object-Relational Database: Overview and Features 1 Object-Oriented Concepts Combines relational database principles with object-oriented concepts, supporting complex data types and methods. 2 Data Encapsulation Objects encapsulate data and methods, providing better data protection and modularity. 3 Flexibility and Extensibility Offers greater flexibility and extensibility compared to traditional relational databases, handling complex data models.